جل
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
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ج ل ل (j l l) |
7 terms |
Adjective
[edit]جَلّ • (jall)
Declension
[edit]Declension of adjective جَلّ (jall)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَلّ jall |
الْجَلّ al-jall |
جَلَّة jalla |
الْجَلَّة al-jalla |
Nominative | جَلٌّ jallun |
الْجَلُّ al-jallu |
جَلَّةٌ jallatun |
الْجَلَّةُ al-jallatu |
Accusative | جَلًّا jallan |
الْجَلَّ al-jalla |
جَلَّةً jallatan |
الْجَلَّةَ al-jallata |
Genitive | جَلٍّ jallin |
الْجَلِّ al-jalli |
جَلَّةٍ jallatin |
الْجَلَّةِ al-jallati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَلَّيْن jallayn |
الْجَلَّيْن al-jallayn |
جَلَّتَيْن jallatayn |
الْجَلَّتَيْن al-jallatayn |
Nominative | جَلَّانِ jallāni |
الْجَلَّانِ al-jallāni |
جَلَّتَانِ jallatāni |
الْجَلَّتَانِ al-jallatāni |
Accusative | جَلَّيْنِ jallayni |
الْجَلَّيْنِ al-jallayni |
جَلَّتَيْنِ jallatayni |
الْجَلَّتَيْنِ al-jallatayni |
Genitive | جَلَّيْنِ jallayni |
الْجَلَّيْنِ al-jallayni |
جَلَّتَيْنِ jallatayni |
الْجَلَّتَيْنِ al-jallatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جُلُول julūl |
الْجُلُول al-julūl |
جَلَّات jallāt |
الْجَلَّات al-jallāt |
Nominative | جُلُولٌ julūlun |
الْجُلُولُ al-julūlu |
جَلَّاتٌ jallātun |
الْجَلَّاتُ al-jallātu |
Accusative | جُلُولًا julūlan |
الْجُلُولَ al-julūla |
جَلَّاتٍ jallātin |
الْجَلَّاتِ al-jallāti |
Genitive | جُلُولٍ julūlin |
الْجُلُولِ al-julūli |
جَلَّاتٍ jallātin |
الْجَلَّاتِ al-jallāti |
Noun
[edit]جُلّ • (jull) m
- (construct) the bulk (of), the majority (of); the lion's share
- Synonym: أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar)
- مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ كُلُّهُ، لَا يُتْرَكُ جُلُّهُ.
- mā lā yudraku kulluhu, lā yutraku julluhu.
- What is not wholly achieved is not to be largely abandoned.
- 20th century, مُصْطَفَى صادِق الرافِعي, جل الناسِ أعداءُ :
- جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
فلا يغرُرْكَ مبتسمٌ وإن أبدى لكَ البشرا
ففي الصدر حزازاتٌ تكادُ تمزقُ الصدرا
ولو كادوا النجومَ هوتْ من الخضراءِ للغبرا
وما الدنيا إذا فكر تَ غير جهنمَ الصُّغرى
ألستَ ترى بها أمماً وكلٌّ تلعنُ الأخرى
لقد جرَّبْتُ جُلَّهُمُ فلمْ أر فيهمُ خيرا- Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
Do not be fooled by smiles, / Even if seeming kind:
In their breasts is hateful fury, / almost tearing their hearts apart!
If men could plot against the stars, / The stars would fall into the mire.
Life, if you reflect, / Is but a "lesser Hell":
Do you not see in it many nations? / And each of them execrates the other!
I have appraised most sorts and kinds, / And in all, I saw no goodness!
- Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
- جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Verb
[edit]جَلَّ • (jalla) I (non-past يَجِلُّ (yajillu), verbal noun جَلَال (jalāl) or جَلَالَة (jalāla))
- to be illustrious
- to be beyond or above
- to be exalted or dignified
- to grow old
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
جَلَال, جَلَالَة jalāl, jalāla | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
جَالّ jāll | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | جَلَلْتُ jalaltu |
جَلَلْتَ jalalta |
جَلَّ jalla |
جَلَلْتُمَا jalaltumā |
جَلَّا jallā |
جَلَلْنَا jalalnā |
جَلَلْتُمْ jalaltum |
جَلُّوا jallū | |||
f | جَلَلْتِ jalalti |
جَلَّتْ jallat |
جَلَّتَا jallatā |
جَلَلْتُنَّ jalaltunna |
جَلَلْنَ jalalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَجِلُّ ʔajillu |
تَجِلُّ tajillu |
يَجِلُّ yajillu |
تَجِلَّانِ tajillāni |
يَجِلَّانِ yajillāni |
نَجِلُّ najillu |
تَجِلُّونَ tajillūna |
يَجِلُّونَ yajillūna | |||
f | تَجِلِّينَ tajillīna |
تَجِلُّ tajillu |
تَجِلَّانِ tajillāni |
تَجْلِلْنَ tajlilna |
يَجْلِلْنَ yajlilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَجِلَّ ʔajilla |
تَجِلَّ tajilla |
يَجِلَّ yajilla |
تَجِلَّا tajillā |
يَجِلَّا yajillā |
نَجِلَّ najilla |
تَجِلُّوا tajillū |
يَجِلُّوا yajillū | |||
f | تَجِلِّي tajillī |
تَجِلَّ tajilla |
تَجِلَّا tajillā |
تَجْلِلْنَ tajlilna |
يَجْلِلْنَ yajlilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَجِلَّ, أَجِلِّ, أَجْلِلْ ʔajilla, ʔajilli, ʔajlil |
تَجِلَّ, تَجِلِّ, تَجْلِلْ tajilla, tajilli, tajlil |
يَجِلَّ, يَجِلِّ, يَجْلِلْ yajilla, yajilli, yajlil |
تَجِلَّا tajillā |
يَجِلَّا yajillā |
نَجِلَّ, نَجِلِّ, نَجْلِلْ najilla, najilli, najlil |
تَجِلُّوا tajillū |
يَجِلُّوا yajillū | |||
f | تَجِلِّي tajillī |
تَجِلَّ, تَجِلِّ, تَجْلِلْ tajilla, tajilli, tajlil |
تَجِلَّا tajillā |
تَجْلِلْنَ tajlilna |
يَجْلِلْنَ yajlilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | جِلَّ, جِلِّ, اِجْلِلْ jilla, jilli, ijlil |
جِلَّا jillā |
جِلُّوا jillū |
||||||||
f | جِلِّي jillī |
اِجْلِلْنَ ijlilna |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Classical Persian گل (gul).
Noun
[edit]جُلّ • (jull) m
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Central Kurdish جِل (cil, “beggar’s clothes”), Persian جل (joll, “horse-covering, saddle-cloth”), Balti [script needed] (jol, “horse cover”), Yagnobi [script needed] (jul, “horse-cloth”), Gurani [script needed] (jal, jul, “cover, cloth”). Doublet of شَلَّاق (šallāq), جُوَالَق (juwālaq), and جُوَال (juwāl).
Noun
[edit]جُلّ • (jull) m (plural أَجْلَال (ʔajlāl) or جِلَال (jilāl)) (regional)
- horse-covering, saddlecloth
- a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra][1]:
- ومن السوس: الأُتْرُجُّ ودُهن البنفسج والشاه سبرم والجِلال والبراذع.
- From Sūs one gets citrons, violet-oil, basil, and horse-covers and pack-saddles.
- 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri][2], volume II, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1854, page 35, line 2 a fine:
- وقد لبسوا التلاليس وجِلال الدوابّ وجعلوا فوق رءوسهم التراب والتبن.
- They were clothed in sacks and pelts of domestic beasts and had their heads covered with earth and straw.
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun جُلّ (jull)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جُلّ jull |
الْجُلّ al-jull |
جُلّ jull |
Nominative | جُلٌّ jullun |
الْجُلُّ al-jullu |
جُلُّ jullu |
Accusative | جُلًّا jullan |
الْجُلَّ al-julla |
جُلَّ julla |
Genitive | جُلٍّ jullin |
الْجُلِّ al-julli |
جُلِّ julli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جُلَّيْن jullayn |
الْجُلَّيْن al-jullayn |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Nominative | جُلَّانِ jullāni |
الْجُلَّانِ al-jullāni |
جُلَّا jullā |
Accusative | جُلَّيْنِ jullayni |
الْجُلَّيْنِ al-jullayni |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Genitive | جُلَّيْنِ jullayni |
الْجُلَّيْنِ al-jullayni |
جُلَّيْ jullay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَجْلَال; جِلَال ʔajlāl; jilāl |
الْأَجْلَال; الْجِلَال al-ʔajlāl; al-jilāl |
أَجْلَال; جِلَال ʔajlāl; jilāl |
Nominative | أَجْلَالٌ; جِلَالٌ ʔajlālun; jilālun |
الْأَجْلَالُ; الْجِلَالُ al-ʔajlālu; al-jilālu |
أَجْلَالُ; جِلَالُ ʔajlālu; jilālu |
Accusative | أَجْلَالًا; جِلَالًا ʔajlālan; jilālan |
الْأَجْلَالَ; الْجِلَالَ al-ʔajlāla; al-jilāla |
أَجْلَالَ; جِلَالَ ʔajlāla; jilāla |
Genitive | أَجْلَالٍ; جِلَالٍ ʔajlālin; jilālin |
الْأَجْلَالِ; الْجِلَالِ al-ʔajlāli; al-jilāli |
أَجْلَالِ; جِلَالِ ʔajlāli; jilāli |
References
[edit]- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 103–104
- Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies[3], volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)
Noun
[edit]جل • (joll)
- horse-covering, saddlecloth
- veil (hung before a sanctuary)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 367
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d͡ʒəl/
Noun
[edit]جَل • (jal) m (Hindi spelling जल)
- water
- Synonym: پانی (pānī)
- ناصر شہزاد (Nāsir Śahzād) :
- جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
کیسا دریا تھا وہ سبھا کیسی- jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
kaisā dariyā thā voh sabhā kaisī
- jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
- جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
References
[edit]Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ج ل ل
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Arabic terms derived from Classical Persian
- Arabic terms with uncommon senses
- Arabic terms borrowed from Iranian languages
- Arabic terms derived from Iranian languages
- Arabic doublets
- Regional Arabic
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- ar:Horse tack
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Horse tack
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu terms with quotations