держати

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Old East Slavic

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Verb

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держати (deržatiimpf

  1. Alternative spelling of дьржати (dĭržati)

References

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  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “держати”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 775

Ukrainian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Ruthenian держа́ти (deržáti), from Old East Slavic держати (deržati), дьржати (dĭržati), from Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [derˈʒate]
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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держа́ти (deržátyimpf (transitive)

  1. to hold (to grip or grasp)
    держа́ти рука́миderžáty rukámyto hold with one's hands
    держа́ти в зуба́хderžáty v zubáxto hold in one's teeth
  2. to hold, to keep (to keep in a certain position or state)
    держа́ти у стра́хуderžáty u stráxuto frighten, to terrify
    держа́ти у пові́тріderžáty u povítrito keep in the air
    держа́ти в зару́чникахderžáty v zarúčnykaxto hold hostage
  3. to hold back, to detain, to stop, to keep (to prevent from commencing an action)
    що тебе́ тут де́ржить?ščo tebé tut déržytʹ?What is keeping/keeps you here?
    це єди́на річ, яка́ мене́ де́ржить від...ce jedýna rič, jaká mené déržytʹ vid...This is the only thing keeping me from...
  4. to bear, to support, to prop up, to undergird (to prevent from collapsing/falling apart)
  5. to keep (to continue in (a course or mode of action); to uphold or maintain)
    держа́ти ві́дстаньderžáty vídstanʹto keep distance
    держа́ти мовча́нняderžáty movčánnjato keep silence
    держа́ти курсderžáty kursto head, to be headed
  6. to store (to keep something in a designated place while not in use)
    держа́ти у пам'ятіderžáty u pamʺjatito keep in one's memory, to remember
    держа́ти в холоди́льникуderžáty v xolodýlʹnykuto keep/store in the fridge
  7. to keep, to own (of living creatures, plants)
    держа́ти коне́йderžáty konéjto keep horses
    держа́ти рабі́вderžáty rabívto keep slaves
  8. (colloquial) to take for, to think of as (strictly in a negative sense: to take accusative (someone) + за (for) + accusative (someone))
    держа́ти за ду́рняderžáty za dúrnjato take someone for a fool
  9. to persist

Usage notes

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  • держа́ти (deržáty) and its derived verbs are semantically identical to трима́ти (trymáty) and its derivatives, but the latter and its derivatives are preferred in standard Ukrainian. This is, however, not the case in colloquial Ukrainian, where держа́ти (deržáty) is often more common depending on the region and personal preference.

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Prefixed verbs

References

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