孕

孕 U+5B55, 孕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B55 ← 孔 [U+5B54] CJK Unified Ideographs 孖 → [U+5B56]

Translingual

Han character

孕 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸弓木 (NSND), four-corner 1740₇, composition ⿱乃子)

Derived characters

• 㚺 䱆 𠱆 𢘩 𢫡 𥩯 𥿱 𨀊 𨈯 𨸳 𡦆 𡥸 𡲪 𡦔 𤁛 𫭧 𬚕 𫲬 𭔤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 277, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6938
• Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5B55

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孕
alternative forms		㚺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孕
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus.

Etymology

Compare 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yùn (yun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yún

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yin³

• Northern Min (KCR): īng
• Eastern Min (BUC): êng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): īn / ūn / ēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rêng⁶ / hêng⁶ / uêng⁶ / hung⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yun; ⁶yon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
    • Wade–Giles: yün⁴
    • Yale: yùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
    • Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jan⁶
    • Yale: yahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
    • Hakka Romanization System: iun^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yin³
    • Sinological IPA: /in³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: īng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īn
    • Tâi-lô: īn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: in
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /in⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /in³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /in²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
    • Tâi-lô: ūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: un
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /un³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēng
    • Tâi-lô: īng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: eng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ²²/

Note:

• īn/ūn - vernacular;
• ēng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: rêng⁶ / hêng⁶ / uêng⁶ / hung⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĕng / hĕng / uĕng / hūng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zeŋ³⁵/, /heŋ³⁵/, /ueŋ³⁵/, /huŋ¹¹/

Note:

• rêng6/hêng6/uêng6 - literary:
  • rêng6 - Chaozhou Shantou, Chenghai;
  • hêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • uêng6 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
• hung7 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yun; ⁶yon
    • MiniDict: yuin^去; yon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyn; ³hhion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyn²³/, /ɦioŋ²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 孕
Mandarin	Beijing	/yn⁵¹/
	Harbin	/yn⁵³/
	Tianjin	/yn⁵³/
	Jinan	/yẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yn³¹²/
	Xi'an	/iẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/yə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/yŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ỹn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/yn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/zuən¹³/
	Guiyang	/zuen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ĩ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/yn⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/yn⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/iŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦyŋ²³/ /ɦioŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦyən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/yan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yn⁵⁵/ /yn¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/yn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/yn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/in³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn²²/
	Nanning	/yn²²/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iŋ²²/ /in²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zeŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kua³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yingH

Rime
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以證切
Baxter	yingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiŋH/
Li Rong	/iəŋH/
Wang Li	/jĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l[i]ŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yùn
Middle Chinese	‹ yingH ›
Old Chinese	/*l[i]ŋ-s/
English	pregnant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
No.	16475
Phonetic component	孕
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孕
Old Chinese	/*lɯŋs/

Definitions

孕

1. to be pregnant

   • 婦孕不育，失其道也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     妇孕不育，失其道也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Fù yùn bù yù, shī qí dào yě. [Pinyin]

     "A wife is pregnant, but will not nourish her child:" - she has failed in her [proper] course.

2. foetus
3. to contain
   • 815, 白居易 [Bai Juyi], 與元九書 [Letter to Yuan Zhen]:

     於是乎孕大含深，貫微洞密，上下通而一氣泰，憂樂合而百志熙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Yúshìhū yùn dà hán shēn, guàn wēi dòng mì, shàng xià tōng ér yī qì tài, yōu yuè hé ér bǎi zhì xī. [Pinyin]

     Therefore, it contains great and profound [truths]; it penetrates the minute and pierces the hidden; the emperor and his subjects communicate unobstructed and the qi of the world is peaceful; people unite in sorrow and joy, and all their feelings are harmonious.

Compounds

• 不孕 (bùyùn)
• 不孕性
• 不孕症 (bùyùnzhèng)
• 不孕真菌
• 人工受孕 (réngōng shòuyùn)
• 包孕 (bāoyùn)
• 包孕句
• 受孕 (shòuyùn)
• 可孕物質／可孕物质
• 子宮外孕／子宫外孕 (zǐgōng wàiyùn)
• 孕吐 (yùntù)
• 孕婦／孕妇 (yùnfù)
• 孕期 (yùnqī)
• 孕珠
• 孕穗 (yùnsuì)
• 孕育 (yùnyù)
• 懷孕／怀孕 (huáiyùn)
• 毓子孕孫／毓子孕孙
• 腹腔懷孕／腹腔怀孕
• 身孕 (shēnyùn)
• 避孕 (bìyùn)
• 避孕套 (bìyùntào)
• 避孕藥／避孕药 (bìyùnyào)

 

Japanese

Kanji

孕

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō)
• Kan-on: よう (yō)
• Kun: はらむ (haramu, 孕む)

Korean

Hanja

孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)

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Vietnamese

Han character

孕: Hán Nôm readings: dựng, dằng, dửng, rặng, nững, dững

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.