侈

侈 U+4F88, 侈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F88 ← 侇 [U+4F87] CJK Unified Ideographs 侉 → [U+4F89]

Translingual

Han character

侈 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人弓戈弓 (ONIN), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿰亻多)

Derived characters

• 𫪥, 𫽎, 𣔢, 𪵌, 𧩀, 𧳤, 𪷔, 𫒬, 𩳲, 𠝓, 𪂄, 𦰿, 㢋, 𧚤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 583
• Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 151, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4F88

Chinese

trad.		侈
simp. #		侈
alternative forms		𠈎 ancient 奓 𠕝 𣆚 𠕰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侈
Small seal script s05845 Transcribed ancient scripts L13357 L13358 L13354 L13355 L13356
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (多) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
多	*ʔl'aːl
哆	*ʔl'aːlʔ, *ʔl'aːls, *ʔr'aːls, *hr'aːl, *l̥ʰjaːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *l̥ʰjɯs
跢	*ʔl'aːls, *ʔl'aːds
痑	*ʔl'aːls, *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːn
爹	*daːʔ, *tjaː
陊	*l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ
橠	*naːlʔ
袲	*naːlʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal
奓	*ʔr'aːl, *ʔr'aːls
栘	*ɦljeːl, *lal
黟	*ʔleːl, *ʔlil
趍	*sʰlo, *l'al
誃	*l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ
簃	*l'al, *lal
眵	*ʔljjal, *l̥ʰjal
恀	*ʔljalʔ, *l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljalʔ
侈	*l̥ʰjalʔ
姼	*l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljal, *ɦljalʔ
鉹	*l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal
垑	*l̥ʰjalʔ
袳	*l̥ʰjalʔ
卶	*l̥ʰjals, *hljals
宜	*ŋral
誼	*ŋrals
竩	*ŋrals
移	*lal
迻	*lal
扅	*lal
拸	*lal, *lalʔ
熪	*lal
謻	*lal
蛥	*ɢljad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰjalʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).

• Inside Sinitic, cognate with 哆 (OC *ʔl'aːlʔ), 移 (OC *lal), 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) (STEDT), as well as 㢋 (Hill (2019));
• Outside Sinitic, cognate with Burmese ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”), Mizo tai (“scatter, disperse”), Northern Qiang [script needed] (ʁdʐə, “star”) (Mawo), Southern Qiang [Term?] (χdʐe³³pe⁵⁵, “star”) (Taoping), etc. (ibid.).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǐ (chi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhír / chhí
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih³
    • Yale: chř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci²
    • Yale: chí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhír
    • Tâi-lô: tshír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhí
    • Tâi-lô: tshí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chie
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshy
    • MiniDict: tshy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyheX

Rime
Character	侈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺氏切
Baxter	tsyheX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰiə̆X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰieX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰǐeX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-l̥ajʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰjalʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	侈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyheX ›
Old Chinese	/*t-l̥ajʔ/
English	extravagant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侈
Reading #	1/1
No.	2663
Phonetic component	多
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	侈
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰjalʔ/

Definitions

侈

1. extravagant; wasteful; excessive; luxurious

   • 二十四年，春，刻其桷，皆非禮也。御孫諫曰：「臣聞之：『儉，德之共也；侈，惡之大也。』先君有共德，而君納諸大惡，無乃不可乎？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     二十四年，春，刻其桷，皆非礼也。御孙谏曰：「臣闻之：『俭，德之共也；侈，恶之大也。』先君有共德，而君纳诸大恶，无乃不可乎？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

     Èrshísì nián, chūn, kè qí jué, jiē fēilǐ yě. Yùsūn jiàn yuē: “Chén wén zhī: ‘Jiǎn, dé zhī gòng yě; chǐ, è zhī dà yě.’ Xiānjūn yǒu gòngdé, ér jūn nà zhū dà'è, wú nǎi bùkě hū?” [Pinyin]

     In the twenty-fourth year, in spring, the square pillars were carved: in both cases, this was not in accordance with ritual propriety. Yusun remonstrated: “I have heard: ‘Frugality is the most revered of virtues; profligacy is the greatest of evils.’ Our former ruler had revered virtue, but you led him into this greatest of evils. How on earth could this not be totally wrong?”

   • 不侈於後世，不靡於萬物，不暉於數度，以繩墨自矯，而備世之急，古之道術有在於是者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不侈于后世，不靡于万物，不晖于数度，以绳墨自矫，而备世之急，古之道术有在于是者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Bùchǐ yú hòushì, bùmǐ yú wànwù, bùhuī yú shùdù, yǐ shéngmò zìjiǎo, ér bèi shì zhī jí, gǔ zhī dàoshù yǒu zài yúshì zhě. [Pinyin]

     To leave no example of extravagance to future generations; to show no wastefulness in the use of anything; to make no display in the degree of their (ceremonial) observances; to keep themselves (in their expenditure) under the restraint of strict and exact rule, so as to be prepared for occurring emergencies - such regulations formed part of the system of the Way in antiquity.

2. exaggerated; overstated

Compounds

• 不侈
• 侈侈
• 侈口
• 侈弇
• 侈糜
• 侈言 (chǐyán)
• 侈談 / 侈谈 (chǐtán)
• 侈論 / 侈论
• 侈離 / 侈离
• 侈靡
• 奢侈 (shēchǐ)
• 奢侈品 (shēchǐpǐn)
• 汰侈
• 浮侈
• 窮奢極侈 / 穷奢极侈
• 豪侈
• 踰侈 / 逾侈
• 饒侈 / 饶侈

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 侈 – see 濟 (“(Min) many”). (This character is a variant form of 濟).

Japanese

Kanji

侈

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: おごる (ogoru, 侈る)

Korean

Hanja

侈 (eum 치 (chi))

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Vietnamese

Han character

侈: Hán Nôm readings: xỉ, ẩy, xảy, xí, đứa, xẩy, xi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation