春
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.
Han character
[edit]春 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition ⿱𡗗日)
Usage notes
[edit]- This character is not to be confused with 舂 (
U+8202
) which is visually similar but unrelated.
Derived characters
[edit]- 偆, 㖺, 堾, 媋, 𢝣, 湷, 𬌸, 𬯌, 暙, 䐏, 椿, 瑃, 𨕌, 㿤, 睶, 𬓉, 𮄵, 蝽, 賰(䞐), 踳, 𨩃, 䮞(𩨁), 鰆(䲠), 𪂹, 𠝩, 萶, 箺, 䦮, 𩄄, 鬊, 惷, 𣕮, 𭾇, 𪃣, 蠢, 𩯥
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 493, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
- Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1496, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6625
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 春 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
躉 | *tuːnʔ |
窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
頓 | *tuːns |
扽 | *tuːns |
黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
屯 | *duːn, *tun |
飩 | *duːn |
豘 | *duːn |
軘 | *duːn |
坉 | *duːn |
邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
忳 | *duːn |
芚 | *duːn |
庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
囤 | *duːnʔ |
迍 | *tun |
杶 | *tʰun |
瑃 | *tʰun |
椿 | *tʰun |
偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
肫 | *tjun |
訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
春 | *tʰjun |
蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
蒓 | *djun |
賰 | *hljunʔ |
鬊 | *hljuns |
Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *tʰjun) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun, “sprout”) + semantic 日 (“sun”). Later 艸 and 屯 merged into 𡗗.
The character 春 itself is probably a variant of 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature.
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
春 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 萅 旾 㫩 𣇸 𣈤 |
Schuessler (2007) relates it to 芚 (OC *duːn, “(of plants) to begin to grow”); he also compares it Khmer ដុះ (doh, “to grow; to germinate; to sprout”), as well as 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to bore through”) (ibid.).
Sagart (2023b) relates it to a vulgar (i.e. ignoble and popular) word which means "egg", which lacked a character, whose modern reflexes are Meixian Hakka 春 (cun1, “egg, roe”), Sixian Hakka 春 (chhûn), and Cantonese 春 (ceon1, “egg, roe; testicle”) (IPA: /t͡ʃʰɵn⁵⁵/); and for which he further reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r]. He further relates OC *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] to Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, (STEDT, however, reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əy (“egg, testicle”)) and notes a connection between "eggs" and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north [1].
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cun1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чун (čun, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cun1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cung1
- Northern Min (KCR): ché̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chun
- Wade–Giles: chʻun1
- Yale: chwūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuen
- Palladius: чунь (čunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cun1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cun
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чун (čun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceon1
- Yale: chēun
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen1
- Guangdong Romanization: cên1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰun³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰun⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
- Hakka Romanization System: cunˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cun1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ché̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: qyn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰyn³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 春 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ /t͡sʰuən²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /p͡fʰẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰun⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃʰun²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰyn⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰuŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsyhwin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun/
Definitions
[edit]春
- spring (season)
- (literary) year; age
- spring scenery
- vitality; liveliness; energy; life
- 妙手回春 ― miàoshǒuhuíchūn ― to effect a miraculous cure and bring the dying back to life
- love; lust
- 有女懷春,吉士誘之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu nǚ huái chūn, jíshì yòu zhī. [Pinyin]
- There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring,
And a fine gentleman would lead her astray.
有女怀春,吉士诱之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a type of alcoholic drink which is fermented from spring to winter
See also
[edit]Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Usage notes
[edit]In Chinese culture, upside-down 春 is often used on CNY decorations and symbolizes the arrival of spring after a homophonic pun: 春倒 (dào, “inverted”) = 春到 (dào, “to arrive”).
Compounds
[edit]- 一場春夢/一场春梦
- 一枝春
- 三春 (sānchūn)
- 三春暉/三春晖 (sānchūnhuī)
- 三春柳
- 不勝春/不胜春
- 中國之春/中国之春
- 九春
- 付之春夢/付之春梦
- 仲春
- 偷春
- 做春夢/做春梦
- 偷春體/偷春体
- 兩頭春/两头春
- 八月春
- 初春 (chūchūn)
- 剪春羅/剪春罗
- 化雨春風/化雨春风 (huàyǔchūnfēng)
- 北京之春
- 口角春風/口角春风
- 呂氏春秋/吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
- 吳越春秋/吴越春秋
- 咬春
- 四季如春 (sìjìrúchūn)
- 回復青春/回复青春
- 回春 (huíchūn)
- 回春作用
- 坐春風/坐春风
- 夜春
- 大地回春 (dàdìhuíchūn)
- 大春
- 大春元
- 如坐春風/如坐春风
- 如沐春風/如沐春风 (rúmùchūnfēng)
- 妙手回春 (miàoshǒuhuíchūn)
- 嬌若春花/娇若春花
- 子春之疾
- 孟春
- 季春 (jìchūn)
- 宜春 (Yíchūn)
- 宜春帖
- 宜春縣/宜春县
- 富春秋
- 寒木春華/寒木春华
- 寸草春暉/寸草春晖
- 小春 (xiǎochūn)
- 小陽春/小阳春 (xiǎoyángchūn)
- 左氏春秋
- 常春藤 (chángchūnténg)
- 常遇春
- 幾度春風/几度春风
- 恆春半島/恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo)
- 恆春鎮/恒春镇
- 悲秋傷春/悲秋伤春
- 憐春/怜春
- 懷春/怀春 (huáichūn)
- 戰地春夢/战地春梦
- 手到回春
- 打春 (Dǎchūn)
- 拜春
- 探春
- 探春之宴
- 揮春/挥春
- 摸春牛
- 放春
- 新春 (xīnchūn)
- 早春 (zǎochūn)
- 春上 (chūnshang)
- 春不老
- 春丕峽/春丕峡
- 春事
- 春事闌珊/春事阑珊
- 春令 (chūnlìng)
- 春作
- 春來秋去/春来秋去
- 春信
- 春假 (chūnjià)
- 春元演習/春元演习
- 春光 (chūnguāng)
- 春光如海
- 春光明媚 (chūnguāngmíngmèi)
- 春光漏泄
- 春光融融
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 春凳
- 春分 (Chūnfēn)
- 春分點/春分点
- 春勝/春胜
- 春化 (chūnhuà)
- 春化作用
- 春化處理/春化处理
- 春去秋來/春去秋来
- 春和景明 (chūnhéjǐngmíng)
- 春回大地 (chūnhuídàdì)
- 春困
- 春困秋乏
- 春夢/春梦 (chūnmèng)
- 春夢一場/春梦一场
- 春夢婆/春梦婆
- 春夢無痕/春梦无痕
- 春大麥/春大麦
- 春天 (chūntiān)
- 春季 (chūnjì)
- 春官
- 春宵
- 春宮/春宫 (chūngōng)
- 春宮圖/春宫图 (chūngōngtú)
- 春宵苦短
- 春寒
- 春寒料峭
- 春小麥/春小麦
- 春山 (chūnshān)
- 春山八字
- 春山如笑
- 春心 (chūnxīn)
- 春心蕩漾/春心荡漾
- 春心飛絮/春心飞絮
- 春忙
- 春思
- 春情 (chūnqíng)
- 春意 (chūnyì)
- 春意闌珊/春意阑珊 (chūnyìlánshān)
- 春捂秋凍/春捂秋冻
- 春捲/春卷 (chūnjuǎn)
- 春捲兒/春卷儿 (chūnjuǎnr)
- 春捲皮/春卷皮
- 春播 (chūnbō)
- 春方 (chūnfāng)
- 春旛
- 春日 (chūnrì)
- 春日遲遲/春日迟迟
- 春旱
- 春明
- 春景 (chūnjǐng)
- 春暉/春晖 (chūnhuī)
- 春暖花開/春暖花开 (chūnnuǎnhuākāi)
- 春暖花香
- 春曉/春晓 (chūnxiǎo)
- 春書/春书
- 春月 (chūnyuè)
- 春服 (chūnfú)
- 春望
- 春林
- 春條兒/春条儿
- 春榮/春荣
- 春榜
- 春樹暮雲/春树暮云
- 春歸/春归
- 春歸人老/春归人老
- 春氣/春气
- 春水 (chūnshuǐ)
- 春汛
- 春消息
- 春深似海
- 春游 (chūnyóu)
- 春滿人間/春满人间
- 春潮
- 春灌
- 春牛
- 春牛圖/春牛图
- 春生秋殺/春生秋杀
- 春申君
- 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng)
- 春畫/春画 (chūnhuà)
- 春畫兒/春画儿
- 春瘟
- 春盛擔子/春盛担子 (chūnshèng dànzi)
- 春盛食罍
- 春盤/春盘
- 春社 (chūnshè)
- 春祈秋報/春祈秋报
- 春祭 (chūnjì)
- 春禊
- 春秋 (chūnqiū)
- 春秋三傳/春秋三传 (Chūnqiū Sānzhuàn)
- 春秋五霸
- 春秋兒/春秋儿
- 春秋大夢/春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
- 春秋幾何/春秋几何
- 春秋日高
- 春秋榜
- 春秋筆削/春秋笔削
- 春秋筆法/春秋笔法 (Chūnqiū bǐfǎ)
- 春秋繁露
- 春秋衫
- 春秋配
- 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
- 春種/春种
- 春筍/春笋
- 春筍怒發/春笋怒发
- 春節/春节 (chūnjié)
- 春紅/春红
- 春綢/春绸
- 春纖/春纤
- 春耕 (chūngēng)
- 春聯/春联 (chūnlián)
- 春聯兒/春联儿
- 春肥
- 春臺/春台
- 春興/春兴
- 春色 (chūnsè)
- 春色惱人/春色恼人
- 春色滿園/春色满园
- 春花
- 春芳
- 春花作物
- 春花秋月 (chūnhuāqiūyuè)
- 春茶 (chūnchá)
- 春草 (chūncǎo)
- 春荒
- 春華/春华
- 春菇
- 春華秋實/春华秋实
- 春菜絲兒/春菜丝儿
- 春蒐
- 春蔥/春葱
- 春藥/春药 (chūnyào)
- 春蘭/春兰 (chūnlán)
- 春蘭秋菊/春兰秋菊
- 春蚓秋蛇
- 春蠶/春蚕 (chūncán)
- 春裝/春装
- 春試/春试
- 春誦夏絃/春诵夏弦
- 春賽/春赛
- 春遊/春游 (chūnyóu)
- 春運/春运 (chūnyùn)
- 春酒
- 春閨/春闺
- 春闈/春闱
- 春院
- 春陵 (Chūnlíng)
- 春雨 (chūnyǔ)
- 春雷
- 春霖
- 春露秋霜
- 春風/春风 (chūnfēng)
- 春風一度/春风一度
- 春風化雨/春风化雨 (chūnfēnghuàyǔ)
- 春風和氣/春风和气
- 春風夏雨/春风夏雨
- 春風得意/春风得意 (chūnfēngdéyì)
- 春風滿面/春风满面
- 春風藹吉/春风蔼吉
- 春風雨露/春风雨露
- 春風面/春风面
- 春風風人/春风风人 (chūnfēngfèngrén)
- 春餅/春饼 (chūnbǐng)
- 春香鬧學/春香闹学
- 春鶯/春莺
- 春麥/春麦
- 晏子春秋 (Yànzǐ Chūnqiū)
- 時雨春風/时雨春风
- 暮春 (Mùchūn)
- 暮雲春樹/暮云春树
- 有女懷春/有女怀春
- 有腳陽春/有脚阳春
- 杏林春暖
- 枯木逢春 (kūmùféngchūn)
- 枯枝再春
- 楚漢春秋/楚汉春秋
- 殘春/残春
- 永春 (Yǒngchūn)
- 沐浴春風/沐浴春风
- 洪春 (Hóngchūn)
- 滿春/满春 (Mǎnchūn)
- 漏春和尚
- 漏洩春光/漏泄春光
- 滿袖春風/满袖春风
- 滿面春生/满面春生
- 滿面春風/满面春风 (mǎnmiànchūnfēng)
- 滿面生春/满面生春
- 熙春 (xīchūn)
- 燒春/烧春
- 玉堂春
- 玉樓春/玉楼春
- 琿春/珲春 (Húnchūn, “Hunchun”)
- 琿春河/珲春河
- 琿春縣/珲春县
- 甕頭春/瓮头春
- 留春
- 發春/发春 (fāchūn)
- 白雪陽春/白雪阳春
- 皮裡春秋/皮里春秋
- 眉似春山
- 眉蹙春山
- 碧蘿春/碧萝春
- 碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
- 萬古長春/万古长春
- 秋月春風/秋月春风
- 立春 (Lìchūn)
- 第二春 (dì'èrchūn)
- 紅春/红春 (Hóngchūn)
- 繡閣長春/绣阁长春
- 花塢春曉/花坞春晓
- 芳春
- 莫春
- 著手回春
- 著手成春
- 蔣春霖/蒋春霖
- 藥到回春/药到回春
- 蘄春/蕲春 (Qíchūn)
- 虎尾春冰
- 行春
- 買春/买春 (mǎichūn)
- 賣春/卖春 (màichūn)
- 走春
- 迎春 (yíngchūn)
- 迎春花 (yíngchūnhuā)
- 遞春/递春
- 鄂倫春族/鄂伦春族 (Èlúnchūnzú)
- 鍾離春/钟离春
- 長春/长春 (Chángchūn)
- 長春市/长春市
- 長春河/长春河 (Chángchūn Hé)
- 長春花/长春花 (chángchūnhuā)
- 開春/开春 (kāichūn)
- 陽春/阳春 (yángchūn)
- 陽春有腳/阳春有脚
- 陽春白雪/阳春白雪 (yángchūnbáixuě)
- 陽春麵/阳春面 (yángchūnmiàn)
- 陽臺春夢/阳台春梦
- 雨後春筍/雨后春笋 (yǔhòuchūnsǔn)
- 青春 (qīngchūn)
- 青春期 (qīngchūnqī)
- 青春永駐/青春永驻
- 青春痘 (qīngchūndòu)
- 面若春花
- 鞭春
- 麗春園/丽春园
- 麗春花/丽春花
- 黍谷生春
- 龜鶴同春/龟鹤同春
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
春 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 膥 |
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d(w)əj (“egg; testicle”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Sagart (2023b) reconstructs Old Chinese *tʰu[n] ~ *tʰu[r] from tentative Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tʰur, some of whose other descendants are Bodo (India) dəy, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *ʔdejᴮ, etc.; he also relates it to 春 (chūn) "springtime" after noting a connection between eggs and Chinese new year season, as birds generally nest and lay eggs in the warmer months in the north (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceon1
- Yale: chēun
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen1
- Guangdong Romanization: cên1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
- Hakka Romanization System: cunˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cun1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cung1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
[edit]春
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) egg; roe
- (Cantonese, vulgar) testicle
- (Cantonese, vulgar) goddamn, the hell
- (Cantonese, vulgar, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條/条 c)
- (Cantonese, vulgar) negates the meaning of the sentence
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “春”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゅん (shun, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅん (shun, Jōyō)
- Kun: はる (haru, 春, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あずま (azuma)←あづま (aduma, historical); あつ (atsu); かす (kasu); かず (kazu); す (su); とき (toki); はじめ (hajime)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
春 |
はる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
/paru/ → /ɸaru/ → /haru/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the spring (season)
- (by extension) the New Year
- adolescence, youth
- a heyday of one’s life
- a time of happiness after a long period of difficulty
- (slang, euphemistic) sexual intercourse
- 春をひさぐ ― haru o hisagu ― to engage in prostitution(literally, “to sell sex”)
Coordinate terms
[edit]Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
春 |
しゅん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 春 (MC tsyhwin).
Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 春夏 (shunka)
- 春夏秋冬 (shunkashūtō)
- 春画 (shunga)
- 春季 (shunki)
- 春機 (shunki)
- 春菊 (shungiku)
- 春日 (shunjitsu)
- 春秋 (shunjū)
- 春宵 (shunshō)
- 春情 (shunjō)
- 春分 (shunbun)
- 春本 (shunpon)
- 賀春 (gashun)
- 回春 (kaishun)
- 迎春 (geishun)
- 初春 (shoshun)
- 新春 (shinshun)
- 青春 (seishun)
- 惜春 (sekishun)
- 早春 (sōshun)
- 長春 (chōshun)
- 売春 (baishun)
- 晩春 (banshun)
- 孟春 (mōshun)
- 陽春 (yōshun)
- 翌春 (yokushun)
- 来春 (raishun)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 春 (MC tsyhwin).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 츈 (Yale: chyùn) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm) | 츈 (Yale: chyùn) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰun]
- Phonetic hangul: [춘]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
春 |
はる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
/ɸaru/ → /haru/
Shift from faru below.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 春 (haru).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]春 (haru)
Derived terms
[edit]- 初春 (hachiharu)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
春 |
ふぁる Grade: 2 |
irregular |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]春 (faru)
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Japonic *paru. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
[edit]春 (paru) (kana はる)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 春 (haru)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]春: Hán Việt readings: xuân (
春: Nôm readings: xuân[1][2][5][4][6][7], xoan[1][2][3][4][7]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading あづま
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かす
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