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Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar

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Yahya IV
يحيى الرابع
Emir of Morocco
Reign905–922
PredecessorYahya III
SuccessorPosition abolished (annexed to the Fatimid Caliphate)
Died946
al-Mahdiya
Names
Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar
DynastyIdrisid
FatherIdris ibn Umar ibn Idris
ReligionIslam

Yahya IV or Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar (Arabic: يحيى بن إدريس بن عمر) was an Idrisid ruler of Morocco, ruling in Fes from 905 to 922. For the last three years of his reign, he acknowledged the overlordship of the Fatimid Caliphate, until he was deposed by the Fatimid general Masala ibn Habus. He died in exile at the Fatimid capital of al-Mahdiya in 946.

Life

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Yahya IV was the great-grandson of the second Idrisid emir, Idris II, (r. 808–828) by a junior line of the Idrisid dynasty.[1][2] His uncle Ali ibn Umar had already briefly ruled from the Idrisid capital of Fes in the late 860s, before being driven off by a Kharijite rebellion.[3][2] Yahya IV made Meknes, to the southwest of Fes, his base.[4]

In traditional accounts, Ali is held to have been succeeded by his cousin Yahya III ibn al-Qasim, who in turn was killed in battle in 905 against Yahya IV's forces.[5] In reality, Yahya III likely did not long rule in Fes and southern Morocco, where members of a third branch of the dynasty, the descendants of Isa ibn Idris II, held sway until c. 893. Yahya IV's family apparently supplanted them, and from 905, according to much later sources, Yahya IV ruled in Fes.[2] The northern parts of Morocco remained under the rule of Yahya III's descendants.[2]

It was during Yahya IV's reign that the Fatimid Caliphate appeared in Morocco, soon after its establishment in 909. The Berber Fatimid general Masala ibn Habus invaded Morocco, defeated Yahya IV in 919 (or 917), and forced the latter to accept Fatimid suzerainty.[2][5] Three years later (922 or 919/20, accordingly), Masala returned and deposed Yahya IV outright, taking him prisoner and installing a Berber governor under the overall rule of Masala's cousin, Musa ibn Abi'l-Afiya.[2][5] Musa had Yahya tortured to make him reveal the location of is treasures, before sending him to exile in Asilah.[4] There he remained until 943, when he was sent to the Fatimid capital, al-Mahdiya. Yahya died there three years later.[4]

Fes remained in Fatimid hands until 922 or 928 (the medieval sources differ), when al-Hasan al-Hajjam, a nephew of Yahya III, led a revolt and briefly drove the Fatimids out.[4][5]

Genealogy

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Idrisid dynasty

Emirs of Morocco
Caliphs of Córdoba
Emirs of Algericas
Emirs of Málaga

Abd al-Muttalib
ibn Hashim
Abu Talib ibn
Abd al-Muttalib
Abdullah ibn
Abd al-Muttalib
Muhammad
ibn Abd Allah
Ali ibn
Abi Talib
Fatima bint
Muhammad
al-Hasan
ibn Ali
al-Hasan
ibn al-Hasan
Abd Allah
ibn al-Hasan
Idris I
al-Akbar

r. 788-791
Idris II
r. 803-828
Muhammad I
r. 828-836
Umar ibn Idrisal-Qasim
ibn Idris
Dawud
r. c. 877
Ali I
r. 836-849
Yahya I
r. 849-863
Ali II
r. 866-?
Idris ibn UmarUbayd Allah
ibn Umar
Yahya III
r. ?-905
Muhammad
ibn al-Qasim
Yahya II
r. 863-866
Yahya IV
r. 905-922
Ali ibn
Ubayd Allah
al-Hasan I
al-Hajjam

r. 928–930
al-Qasim
Kanun

r. 937-949
Hammud
ibn Ali
Abu al-Aysh
Ahmad

r. 948-954
al-Hasan II
r. 954-974
Maymun
ibn Hammud
Hammud
ibn Maymun
al-Qasim
al-Ma'mun

r. 1018-1021,
1023
Ali al-Nasir
r. 1016-1018
Muhammad
al-Mahdi

r. 1035-1048
Idris I
al-Muta'ayyad

r. 1035-1039
Yahya I
al-Mu'tali

r. 1021-1023,
1025-1026
r. 1026-1035
al-Qasim
al-Wathiq

r. 1048-1054
Muhammad I
al-Mahdi

r. 1047-1053
Yahya II
al-Qa'im

r. 1039-1040
Idris II al-Ali
r. 1042-1047,
1053-1054/5
Hasan
al-Mustansir

r. 1040-1042
Idris III
al-Sami

r. 1053
Muhammad II
al-Musta'li

r. 1054/5
Abd Allah
ibn Idris
Muhammad
ibn Abd Allah
Muhammad
ibn Muhammad
al-Idrisi


References

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  1. ^ Eustache 1971, pp. 1035, 1036.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Benchekroun 2018.
  3. ^ Eustache 1971, p. 1035.
  4. ^ a b c d Benchekroun 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d Eustache 1971, p. 1036.

Sources

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  • Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2016). "Les Idrissides entre Fatimides et Omeyyades". Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). 139: 29–50. doi:10.4000/remmm.9412.
  • Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2018). "Idrīsids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  • Eustache, D. (1971). "Idrīsids". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1035–1037. OCLC 495469525.
Preceded by Idrisid emir of Morocco
905–922
(from 919 under Fatimid suzerainty)
Vacant
Fatimid rule
Title next held by
al-Hasan I