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Council of Churches could refer to any one of several collaborations of Christian denominations in Australia. Their chief purpose was to act as advocates and lobbyists to governments on "moral" questions — liquor, gambling, censorship, and observance of Sunday being prominent concerns.

In 1930 several State Councils were among the hundreds of organisations that affirmed 27 August (the anniversary of the Kellogg–Briand Pact) as World Peace Day: Arthur E. Bickmore, of Annerley, Queensland, represented the Council of Churches in Queensland, the Council of Churches in N.S.W. was represented by Victor C. Bell, the Council of Churches in Tasmania by Charles Matear, and the Council of Churches in Victoria by Alex Hardie.[1]

In 1941 a federal body, the Australian Council of Churches, was formed and the State councils became less relevant.

Victoria

[edit]

Founded as the Council of Churches in Victoria on 6 September 1892, when representatives of various denominations — Anglican, Presbyterian, Wesleyan Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, Lutheran, Primitive Methodist, United Methodist Free Churches, Quakers and Bible Christians — meeting at the library of the Congregational College, Russell Street, agreed on a title, objects and Constitution.[2] Rev. James Rickard of the Brighton Congregational Church was significant in its early stages.[3] It was agreed that the office of president should be rotated through the membership bodies. In 1900 the format of the council was not yet settled.[4] Victoria was unique in Australia in having, at various times, Councils of Churches for larger conurbations such as Ballarat,[5] Geelong and Bendigo.

The organisation was frequently referred to as the Victorian Council of Churches. Unlike similar councils in other Australian colonies and states, there was no rotation of the office of president through the constituent denominations, and several persons served in that position more than once. Some presidents of the Council, and their year of election) were:

Around this time, the Anglican Church showed an interest in the Council.[8]

Rev. Walter J. Eddy was secretary 1909–1913

In 1914 Walter J. Eddy resigned as secretary.[16]

  • 1915 R. Ambrose Roberts[17] son of Rev. R. T. Roberts.
  • 1916 E. Dybing[18]

Rev. Robert Philip was secretary[19]

  • 1917 Rev. Henry Worrall[20]
  • 1918 James E. Thomas[21] he earlier held a similar position in the Council of Churches in South Australia.
  • 1919
  • 1920 J. Ernest James (of Collins Street Congregational Church)
  • 1921 Arthur Richard Thompson (died 4 June 1923) of the Baptist Church at Elsternwick.[22]

J. E. Thomas reelected secretary

Rev. J. E. James (Congregational) reelected secretary

  • 1924
  • 1925 William Silas Pearse (c. 1869–1949), Congregationalist minister, was elected for the first time. Maybe replaced by A. Pearce of Ascot Vale.

Judkins was secretary 1925–1945, also secretary of the federal Council of Churches 1933–

  • 1926 W(illiam) Dodds Jackson, Baptist minister, when censorship of films was the burning issue.[25]
  • 1927 Rev. W. Harris[26]
  • 1928 J. E. Shipway[27]
  • 1929 Rev. Alex Hardie[28]
  • 1930 A. Deans[29]
  • 1931 Rev J. C. Martin[30]
  • 1932 Rev J. H. Cain, Superintendent of the Methodist Central Mission. He led protests against Hitler.[31]
  • 1933 A. J. Ingham
  • 1934 W. J. Harris (died 13 November 1944)[32] was elected president in 1934[33]
  • 1935 J. D. Northey of Camberwell Congregational Church

Legalisation of the totalisator was attacked.[34] G. A. Judkins was elected secretary.

  • 1936 S. E. Dorman
  • 1937 Rev. H. Worrall

Secretary G. A. Judkins

  • 1938 P. D. McCallum, Churches of Christ minister, was elected president, and G. A. Judkins (died 1958)[35] continued to serve as secretary.[36] Judkins was elected life member in 1949 for his long and valuable service.[37]
  • 1939 John Armour, Minister of the Canterbury Presbyterian Church[38]
  • 1940
  • 1941 W. J. Williams
  • 1942 Mr. S. Neighbour, preacher of Oakleigh Church of Christ
  • 1943 William Silas Pearse (c. 1869–1949), Congregationalist minister[39] was elected president for the second time.[40]
  • 1944 Rev R. W. Stephens, of Footscray Presbyterian Church, was elected president.

G. A. Judkins as secretary — last mention.[41][42]

  • 1945 H. H. Jeffs
  • 1946
  • 1947
  • 1948 F. E. Richards president[43]
  • 1949 Rev. P. A. Forward president; Rev. Courtenay Thomas secretary.
  • 1950

Queensland

[edit]

Brisbane Church Federation became the Queensland Council of Churches in The Council of Churches in Queensland was founded in 1896.[44] with W. Whale as president and H. Youngman as secretary.[45] The official title of the organisation appears to have been simply "Council of Churches", but "Queensland Council of Churches" or "Council of Churches in Queensland" have both appeared in print, sometimes in the same article.[46] Common issues addressed were gambling and playing sport on Sunday, though to many workers, Sunday was the only day available for relaxation — in 1905 the Council was much aggrieved at discount railway fares being offered on Sunday, encouraging desecration of the Sabbath by pleasure-seekers.[47]

Persons elected president include:

Thomas Bibby (died 1948) was secretary.[54] secretary.[55]

  • 1928 Arthur Ernest Bickmore, conveyancer, Gwen Bickmore their only child.
  • 1930 Charles Young (Church of Christ)
  • 1931 G(eorge) McChesney Clark (died 1932)[56] He became a minor celebrity as (inadvertently) the first member of the public to cross the Sydney Harbour Bridge by train.[57]
  • 1935 Rev. Harold Manuel Wheller (died 1979), was acting president in 1935 during the absence of Rev. Norman Stuart Millar.[58] Millar and Wheller were accused of contempt of court when they wrote a letter to the Courier-mail, criticising a judge of the Supreme Court for a joke he made against the institution of marriage.[59] Both men, and the publisher of the Courier-mail, were dealt hefty fines by Justice Macrossan,[60] but reversed on appeal to the Full Bench.[61] Both were vigorous critics of all forms of gambling but reserved their harshest condemnation for the government-run Golden Casket, a lottery with prize of £25,000.[62] Millar, who was commended by Absalom Deans for his courage in overcoming physical disabilities,[63] died in 1938[64]
Wheller was elected president in 1937, 1938 and 1939,[65] and 1940, also in 1945.[66] He led protests against the introduction of Bingo.[67]
  • 1947 Albert Butler president (died 1947)[68]
  • 1947 J. F. T. Short president[69]

P. Alcorn was secretary in 1948

W. E. Hurst has been mentioned as a prominent member,[71] as has Albert Butler[72] (died 1947).[73]

New South Wales

[edit]
  • Rev. William George Taylor was president of the New South Wales Council of the Churches in 1899.[74]
  • C. James Tinsley, Baptist preacher, was president sometime around 1905.[75]

In 1924 a new council was formulated by representatives of the Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and Congregational Churches, the Associated Churches of Christ, the Salvation Army, and the Society of Friends,[76] but its institution was held up by Anglican Church red tape.[77]

  • F. H. Rayward was first secretary and later present[78]
  • In 1925 D'Arcy Irvine was elected president and Dr Carruthers secretary.[79]

In this year the NSW Council joined with those of other States in hosting evangelist Gipsy Smith in 1926.[80]

  • Archdeacon Boyce was elected president in 1926.[81]
  • Methodist minister P. J. Stephen, founder of the Balmain Mission, was elected president in 1927.[82]
  • Dr A. J. Waldock, a Baptist minister, was elected president in 1928.[83]
  • In 1929 Rev. Victor Bell BA, a Methodist-cum-Presbyterian minister, and secretary since 1925, was elected president.[84]
  • In 1930 Albert Edward West (c. 1863 – 14 October 1945),[85] Congregational minister.[86] Their son was killed in the Great War.[87]
  • In 1930 the Council approved establishment of an AM radio station[88]
  • 1931 D. J. Davies was elected president.[89] In a radical departure from tradition, Archdeacon Davies was re-elected in 1932.
  • 1933 T. E. Rofe, former solicitor and lay leader of the Churches of Christ.[90]
  • 1934 William Cooper of the Society of Friends, Cadbury executive
  • 1935 Rev. W. H. Jones, who was also president of the Methodist conference 1930–31

In 1936 the Church of England formally withdrew its support for the Council.[91]

  • 1936 Charles Alfred White elected president
  • 1937 W. L. Jarvis elected president; changes following Anglican withdrawal[92]
  • 1938 Frank Bell, of the Salvation Army
  • 1939 Rupert J. Williams, Methodist
  • 1940 C. A. White (2nd term)
  • 1941 C. Bernard Cockett
  • 1942 Rev. Dr Whitmore Dart
  • 1943 J. H. G. Auld ? T. Manning Taylor[93]
  • 1944 A. C. McLean
  • 1945 T. Manning Taylor
  • 1946 S. A. Eastman

Anglican Church (re?)joins council[94]

  • 1947 S. A. (A. S.?) Eastman[95]
  • 1948 S. Barton Babbage (Dean of Sydney)[96][97] Courtenay Thomas was secretary in 1948[98] was president.
  • 1949 Major Nicholson
  • 1950 H. W. K. Mowll
  • 1951 S. W. McKibbin (McKibbon ?)
  • 1952 Cumming Thom, pres; R. G. Fillingham secretary[99]
  • 1953 Cumming Thom (Presbyterian)[100] (two years) [101]
  • 1954
  • 1955
  • Ross Clifford
  • Margaret Rodgers (deaconess)

The Council established AM radio station 2CH, and held the licence until 1994, when it was sold to John Singleton. In 1944, the NSW Council of Churches sub-let the licence to Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) who provided program content for six days per week, with the Council of Churches being responsible for programming on Sundays. Josiah Thomas (politician)

South Australia

[edit]

Founded in 1896 with James Viner Smith (died 1916)[102] as president and Henry James Holden as Secretary.[103] Some other appointments were:

  • 1898 Rev. Robert Smith Casely[104] was elected president and James Gray secretary.[105]
  • 1900 Dr Jefferis was president and Charles Eaton Taplin (1857–1927) secretary. Taplin was a son of Rev. George Taplin
  • 1901 Rev. John Garrard Raws (died 1929) was elected president and Taplin returned as secretary.[106]
  • 1903 J. G. Raws, pres.
  • 1905 William Jeffries president; Taplin was still secretary[107]
  • 1906 Rev. S. Lenton pres.[108]
  • 1907 Rev. A. N. Marshall pres.[109]
  • 1908 James Delehanty (died 1920) secretary
  • 1909 Rev. George Davidson pres, replaced by E. Ashby

In 1910 the State Conference of the Churches of Christ, which was not associated with the Council, decided it was in their interest to send delegates to meetings.[110] In 1912 Rev. James Thomas, pastor of their Grote Street church, was elected president.[111]

Council was reorganised, details yet to find

Port Pirie Council of Churches was founded 1914[114]

In 1916 the Baptist Union withdrew from the Council of Churches[117]

  • 1917 J. Ernest James president and F. W. Norwood secretary

Council was reorganised to have four members each from each of Methodist, Presbyterian. Congregation, Baptist, Churches of Christ, Salvation Army, and Society of Friends; two from each to continue in following year.

  • 1918 Donald McNicol, pres.; Leslie W. Baker, sec.[118]
  • 1919 John Alfred Seymour pres.;[119] J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1920 T. Gettes White, pres.; J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1921 T. Hagger president J. E. Cresswell sec.
  • 1921 F. J. Miles, pres.; H. Douglas Fearon, sec.[120]
  • 1922 Rev. G. Rayner president, J. E. Cresswell sec.[121]
  • 1923 J. A. Seymour, pres., left for Canada; J. E. Cresswell sec., left for New Zealand
  • 1925 E. M. Hall pres; G. Towner??
  • 1926 Professor J. R. Wilton pres; Sec. F. G. Harvey[122]
  • 1929 A. C. Weber pres; E. J. Stacy sec.[123]
  • 1932 W. Hawke[a] pres;
  • 1933 S. Carroll Myers pres;
  • 1934 H. R. Taylor pres; B. E. C. Tuck sec.[124]
  • 1936 A. C. Stevens pres;[125]
  • 1937 Gordon Rowe pres;
  • 1938 James Anderson pres;
  • 1941 A. Bungey pres; Theo Edwards sec.[126]
  • 1945 C. J. Brimlecombe refrained from criticising use of atomic bomb.[66]
  • 1946 J. E. Shipway pres; sec. E. H. Woollacott
  • 1948 Edward S. Kiek, pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.
  • 1949 E. H. Woollacott pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.[127]
  • 1950 Brig. F. L. Inglis pres; J. E. Shepherd sec.[128]

Edward Lucas (Australian politician) Jeffrey Driver George Taplin John Raymond Wilton

Western Australia

[edit]

1925 George Tulloch, president; H. H. Symons secretary[129]

Tasmania

[edit]
  • 1928 E Unwin pres;
  • 1930 G. Calvert Barber of Newtown Methodist Church


  • 1947 Bishop Cranswick

The Jane Franklin Hall was established by the Council in 1950 as a residential college for women before becoming co-educational in 1973. Tasman Bridge disaster

Australian Council

[edit]

The Australian Council of Churches was constituted on 23 September 1941 as a federation of State councils. 1941 C. Bernard Cockett pres; joint secretaries: Rev. George A. Judkins (Melbourne), and Rev. F. H. Rayward (Sydney)[130] 1948 S. Barton Babbage, pres; S. A. Eastman sec.[131]

It was associated with the World Council of Churches from that body's inception in 1942.

In July 1994 it was supplanted by the National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA), which included the Roman Catholic Church (which had observer status in the ACC from 1965)[132] and some Orthodox churches, was founded to supplant the Australian Council of Churches. Bishops Bede Heather and Richard Appleby, Catholic and Anglican respectively, have been credited with its formation.[133]

Despite non-participation by the Lutheran, Baptist, Presbyterian and major Pentecostal churches, the Council claimed to represent 85 per cent of Australian Christians.[134]

In 2003 the Rev. David Muir Gill, general secretary of the council, was made OAM in recognition of his work with the NCCA.[135]

Australian Council of Churches (now the National Council of Churches in Australia)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Rev. William Hawke (1871–1946) was born at Kapunda, son of William Hawke of Cornish ancestry and educated at Kapunda, Willowie and Prince Alfred College. He was Congregational minister at Bordertown, Medindie, Henley Beach, Salisbury and Glenelg.

References

[edit]
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