User:Chiswick Chap/Diagrams

Top Articles Diagrams Photographs Rescues Humour Heroes Awards About

CONTENTS

• 
  Camouflage diagrams
• 
  Agriculture diagrams
• 
  Biology diagrams
• 
  History and philosophy of science diagrams
• 
  Maps
• 
  Kilim motifs
• 
  Explanation diagrams
• 
  Tolkien's Middle-earth diagrams
• 
  Yoga diagrams

There are some 300 diagrams here.

Camouflage

• 
  Countershading
• 
  Camouflage by counteracting shadow
• 
  Motion camouflage, real-point
• 
  Motion camouflage, infinite-point
• 
  Constant bearing, decreasing range: avoiding collisions and motion camouflage are surprisingly similar
• 
  The intended effect of dazzle camouflage
• 
  Melanophore cells
• 
  The herring's reflectors for camouflage
• 
  Squid counterillumination camouflage
• 
  Counterillumination camouflage with Yehudi lights
• 
  Light-producing organ of Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Euprymna scolopes

History and philosophy of science

History of Physics

• 
  From Thales to Anaximander: a giant leap in 6th century BC Miletus
• 
  Aristotle's constitutions
• 
  Aristotle's laws of motion
• 
  Platonic and Aristotelian Forms
• 
  The four classical elements (fire, air, water, earth) of Empedocles and Aristotle in a burning log
• 
  Aristotle's Four Causes illustrated for a table: material (wood), formal (design), efficient (carpentry), final (dining)

History of Biology

• 
  Aristotle's biology, theory of inheritance
• 
  Alternatives to Darwinism
• 
  Modern synthesis (20th century)
• 
  Darwin's pangenesis theory
• 
  Darwin's blending inheritance
• 
  Weismann's germ plasm theory
• 
  Haeckel's ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny vs von Baer's laws
• 
  Alternative explanations of punctuated equilibrium
• 
  Lamarck's two-factor theory, not at all what everyone thinks
• 
  Lysenkoist vegetative hybridisation (Lamarckian, or horizontal gene transfer perhaps)
• 
  Land bridges for Hooker to explain Aus, NZ, S.Am plant group similarities as common descent in Flora Antarctica

Agriculture

• 
  Continuous grazing
• 
  Rotational grazing
• 
  Intensive animal farming
• 
  Shieling plans
• 
  Companion Planting Mechanisms
• 
  Companion Planting Interactions
• 
  Hybrid origins of orange
• 
  Hybrid origins of Citrus
• 
  Rice-fish system
• 
  Polyploid wheat origins
• 
  Spelt origins

Biology

Drawings

• 
  Mole cricket's exponential horn amplifier
• 
  Frenulo-retinacular wing coupling in male and female moths (praise)
• 
  Morpho butterfly scale multilayer structures
• 
  Runcaria megasporangium and cupule drawing
• 
  Parakaryon myojinensis, a cell with an endosymbiont, but neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
• 
  Leech moving by looping using its front and back suckers
• 
  Outline drawing of Ubysseya fretuma (Provora)
• 
  Jellyfish locomotion
• 
  Embioptera - foldable wings
• 
  Scorpion - venom squirting
• 
  "How the Turtle Gets its Shell"
• 
  Sexual reproduction: the barnacle uses its long penis to reach across to another individual nearby.

Labelled images

• 
  Daffodil flower parts, labelled
• 
  Turtle skeleton infographic
• 
  Leech anatomy in cross-section
• 
  Early and modern deuterostomes
• 
  Apple vs peapod anatomy
• 
  Strawberry vs peapod anatomy
• 
  Apple anatomy, flower and fruit compared

Diagrams

• 
  Wilson's matryoshka doll group selection model
• 
  Wasps are paraphyletic
• 
  Whales are paraphyletic
• 
  Cladogram of primates, for monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly
• 
  Tree secondary growth diagram
• 
  Catena of soils
• 
  Path integration diagram
• 
  Emerald Swallowtail Papilio palinurus scale structure
• 
  Buttercup structural and pigment coloration
• 
  Vitamin C biosynthesis in plants
• 
  Vitamin C biosynthesis in vertebrates
• 
  Bilaterian (or rather, Nephrozoan) body plan
• 
  Vertebrate body plan
• 
  Physiology of eusociality in fire ants
• 
  Fish habitat diversity
• 
  How to attract mosquitoes
• 
  Tardigrade anatomy

Mimicry

• 
  Batesian vs Müllerian mimicry with photos
• 
  Batesian vs Müllerian mimicry diagram
• 
  Formation of Müllerian mimicry rings
• 
  Ant mimicry types, Batesian vs myrmecophily
• 
  Vavilovian mimicry
• 
  Evolution of Vavilovian mimicry
• 
  Pouyannian mimicry and pseudocopulation
• 
  Aggressive Mimicry of Ants
• 
  Gilbertian mimicry
• 
  Aggressive mimicry
• 
  Kirbyan mimicry: brood parasite mimics host

Speciation

• 
  Chronospecies
• 
  Dollo's law of irreversibility
• 
  Peripatric speciation

Genetics and development

• 
  ABC model of flower development guided by three groups of homeotic genes
• 
  Haplodiploid sex determination in honey bees
• 
  Heterochrony, a change in the timing or rate of embryonic development
• 
  Hox genes in arthropod segmentation
• 
  Tardigrade body plan and other phyla
• 
  Hybridisation and polyploidy in strawberries
• 
  Gynogenesis with haplodiploidy in the ant Myrmecia impaternata
• 
  Incomplete metamorphosis
• 
  Complete metamorphosis
• 
  Evolution of mosquito mouthparts
• 
  Mosquito Life-Cycle

Lamarckism

• 
  Edward J. Steele's proposed Neo-Lamarckian mechanism
• 
  Neo-Lamarckian inheritance of hologenome
• 
  Lamarck Compared to Darwin, Baldwin, Waddington

Interspecific relationships

• 
  Symbiotic relationships diagrammed
• 
  Parasitoid strategy compared with parasite and predator
• 
  Micropredator Parasite Parasitoid Predator strategies compared
• 
  Ectoparasites are usually idiobiont, endoparasites koinobiont. Both strategies are found among parasitoidal wasps
• 
  A basic foraging sequence for a predator, with some variations indicated

Magnetoreception, electroreception, and mechanoception

• 
  Quantum Magnetoreception in Birds
• 
  Effect of RF interference on Magnetoreception in Birds
• 
  Platypus electrolocation
• 
  Electroreception of Capacitative and Resistive Objects in Elephantfish (file)
• 
  Electroreception of Capacitative and Resistive Objects in Glass knifefish
• 
  Ampullae of Lorenzini
• 
  Ampullae of Lorenzini electrophysiology
• 
  Electric catfish's electric organ
• 
  Stargazer's paired electric organs
• 
  Stargazer Astroscopus y-graecum electric organ site
• 
  Gymnotus electric organ site
• 
  Raja electric organ site
• 
  Impedance matching in strongly electric fishes
• 
  Jamming avoidance response in glass knifefish
• 
  Sensory coding for Eigenmannia's jamming avoidance response
• 
  Mormyromast electroreceptor in Mormyrid fishes
• 
  Electrocytes evolved from skeletal muscle
• 
  Lateral line works despite "noise" created by the fish itself
• 
  Lateral line rate coding

Origin of life

• 
  Stages of the origin of life
• 
  NASA's astrobiology puzzle
• 
  LUCA and its environment
• 
  Nick Lane's early cell in a hydrothermal vent, powered by an external proton gradient
• 
  Chemiosmotic coupling in a mitochondrion (redrawn)
• 
  Inferring LUCA's genome
• 
  Symbiogenesis with 2 mergers (redrawn, twice)
• 
  Primordial life with early Eukaryote/Prokaryote split
• 
  Spontaneous generation of seashells, according to Aristotle

The Nick Lane scenario

• 
  Iron-Sulphur catalysis
• 
  Free energy in hydrothermal vent
• 
  Growth and replication
• 
  Selection for catalysis in random nucleotides
• 
  Protocell away from hydrothermal vent splits hydrogen sulphide
• 
  Ferredoxin's amino acid sequence using incomplete genetic code
• 
  Anoxygenic photosynthesis
• 
  Heterotrophy, oxygenic photosynthesis

not to mention the Template:Abiogenesis timeline ...

Sequence of diagrams

• Six stages of clap and fling flight
• 
  Clap 1
• 
  Clap 2
• 
  Clap 3 ... wings clap together
• 
  Fling 1
• 
  Fling 2
• 
  Fling 3 ... and fling apart

Phylogenetic trees

I've also put together a lot of phylogenetic trees. Here's a small one.

Carnivora	Feliformia    Caniformia    Canidae    Arctoidea        Hemicyonidae† Ursidae Pinnipedia Musteloidea Ailuridae, inc. red panda Other musteloids

Aristotelian biology models

• 
  The soul in Aristotle's biology
• 
  Aristotle's model of information processing
• 
  Aristotle's model of inheritance
• 
  Aristotle's metabolism as an open flow model
• 
  Aristotle's model of temperature regulation
• 
  Two of Aristotle's growth laws, on brood size and gestation
• 
  Senses, perception, memory, dreams, action in Aristotle's biology

Maps

• 
  Map of Mediterranean cuisines
• 
  Map of anise spirits of the Mediterranean region
• 
  Map for The Naturalist on the River Amazons
• 
  Map of Operation Bertram
• 
  Corrieyairack Pass
• 
  Location map for the Tay Whale
• 
  Map of Carl Michael Bellman's Stockholm overlaid on William Coxe's Travels, 1784
• 
  Location map for The Jungle Book
• 
  A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush
• 
  Centres of origin, based on Vavilov
• 
  Ecstatic dance across the world
• 
  Etymology of 'Apricot'
• 
  Rabbit and myxomatosis introductions
• 
  Yogini temples in India
• 
  Beowulf tribes and locations
• 
  Chiswick Mall sketch map
• 
  Bedford Park's focus
• 
  Stockholm places seen in Fredman's Epistle 48
• 
  Winchester College
• 
  Map for The Leopard
• 
  Dwarf pufferfish distribution
• 
  Neolithic agriculture
• 
  English public school football codes
• 
  3 Latymer schools
• 
  Domestication and races of sorghum
• 
  Names for Cagots around France
• 
  Origins of modern apple
• 
  Curry's origins
• 
  How Anglo-Indian cuisine created curry

Maps of Russian military deception at Stalingrad, with both enemy and actual dispositions

• 
  Operation Uranus Deception: German intelligence view on 18 November 1942, showing 6 to 8 Soviet armies (red). A=Army
• 
  Operation Uranus Deception: Actual Soviet dispositions on 18 November 1942 (red), showing 10 Soviet armies. A=Army, TA=Tank Army. Subsequent attacks 19-26 November 1942 (gray arrows)

And similarly at Kursk

• 
  German intelligence view of Belgorod front,
  on the south of the Kursk salient,
  2 August 1943
  (GA: Guards Army; TA: Tank Army)
• 
  Actual Red Army dispositions on Belgorod front,
  showing concentrated forces ahead of 4th Panzer Army,
  2 August 1943

Kilim

• 
  Kilim slit weave
• 
  Soumak weave
• 
  Burdock kilim motifs
• 
  Scorpion kilim motifs
• 
  Monster's feet kilim motifs
• 
  Tree of life kilim motif
• 
  Ear ring kilim motif
• 
  Wolf's mouth kilim motif
• 
  Running water kilim motif
• 
  Bird kilim motif
• 
  Ram's horn kilim motif

This is just a sample: I drew quite a few more, look in the Kilim motifs article if you're curious.

Explanations

• 
  M. C. Escher Paradox Diagram
• 
  Tides overview
• 
  Constituent structure analysis
• 
  Stephen Toulmin argumentation
• 
  GUPPY is neither a typical PET nor a typical FISH, but contrary to classical logic, it is a typical PET-FISH
• 
  Transition from agriculture to developed economy
• 
  In an isosceles triangle with a sharp apex, Malfatti's circles occupy only a modest fraction of the total area; other algorithms do much better.
• 
  Alternative to Malfatti's circles in a sharp isosceles triangle: three circles stacked with a greedy algorithm occupy nearly twice as much space as Malfatti's circles.
• 
  Hans Eysenck reasoning
• 
  Influence of The Defence of Duffer's Drift
• 
  Fictional planets of the Solar System
• 
  Principle of resist dyeing, such as Batik

Tolkien's Middle-earth

Cosmology

• 
  Arda in the Years of the Lamps
• 
  Arda in the Years of the Trees
• 
  Arda in the First Age
• 
  Arda in the Second Age
• 
  The Downfall of Númenor and the Changing of the World
• 
  Valinor and Númenor
  (The Old Straight Road)
• 
  Tolkien's Imagined Prehistory
• 
  Fates of Elves and Men: Valinor serves as an Earthly Paradise.

Sketch maps

• 
  Sketch map of Valinor
• 
  Númenor
• 
  Sketch map of Beleriand
• 
  Sketch map of Mirkwood
• 
  Gondor sketch map
• 
  Sketch map of the Shire
• 
  Sketch map of Middle-earth
• 
  Bree-land
• 
  Frodo's five "Homely Houses"
• 
  Sketch map of Lothlórien
• 
  Circles around Beorn's hall (Marjorie Burns)
• 
  Oxford area for Farmer Giles of Ham
• 
  Celtic influences
• 
  Tolkien, like Shakespeare, spent his childhood in Warwickshire

Infographic maps

• 
  Tolkien's moral geography of Middle-earth, explaining the case of the evil Haradrim
• 
  Shippey's model of Tolkien's linguistic map of Middle-earth
• 
  Map of Mirkwood placed between the Carpathians and the Dnieper
• 
  Geographic influences on Middle-earth
• 
  Battle of the Pelennor Fields
• 
  Sketch map of hobbit origins
• 
  Túrin Turambar locations in Beleriand
• 
  Sindarin dialects of Beleriand
• 
  Ithilien is Italy: subtle Classical allusions
• 
  Bilbo's and Frodo's ancestry analysed
• 
  Geomorphology of Middle-earth
• 
  Which Two Towers did Tolkien mean?
• 
  Battle of Helm's Deep

Analyses

• 
  Brian Rosebury's analysis of The Lord of the Rings, as a combined Quest and Journey
• 
  Patrick Grant's Jungian archetypes analysis of The Lord of the Rings
• 
  The Rings of Power
• 
  Tolkien's legendarium
• 
  Concealed Christianity timeline
• 
  Three Meanings of "Unfinished" in Unfinished Tales
• 
  Old English and Modern English represent Rohirric and Westron
• 
  An additional layer to the previous diagram
• 
  Tolkien and the Celtic: etymology of Brill and Chetwode
• 
  Tolkien said Orthanc had meanings in Sindarin and Rohirric; but it is also a synonym and homonym in Old English: was it an error?
• 
  The Lord of the Rings as a Framed Text
• 
  Editorial Framing of The Lord of the Rings
• 
  Deciding on A Mythology for England
• 
  Origins of Tolkien's Mythology
• 
  Etymology of 'Glamdring'
• 
  Editorial framing of The Monsters and The Critics
• 
  Editorial framing of The History of Middle-earth
• 
  Transmission of Evil in Middle-earth
• 
  Alternative views of Evil in the world
• 
  Morgoth, Satan, and the Fall
• 
  Derivative literature vs Tolkien fan fiction
• 
  Fates of the Silmarils
• 
  Baggins vs Huggins
• 
  Company of the Ring
• 
  Nazgûl and Ringwraith
• 
  Shippey on Lúthien and Beren

Scripts

• 
  "Cirth" in Cirth
• 
  "Sarati" in Sarati
• 
  "Tengwar" in Tengwar
• 
  Labelled Tengwar table

Mandalas

• 
  4 Rings mandala,
  with the 4 classical elements
• 
  4 Hobbits mandala,
  as the 4 cognitive functions
• 
  4 Elements mandala
  of Gandalf's fight with the Balrog

Image maps and timeline

Tolkien influences timeline

Date	Influences	Elements
c. 1900	First World War   Battle of the Somme   Tanks	Mordor Metal dragons at Gondolin
	Victorian era	Bag End, Hobbit lifestyle
	Modern literature   William Morris   Rider Haggard's She	Dead Marshes, Mirkwood Saruman's shrivelling death
c. 1800	Antiquarianism	Poems, maps, scripts, artwork, genealogy
c. 1600	Shakespeare   Macbeth	Prophecy of Witch-King's death
c. 1400	Late Medieval	Cosmology, magic, named weapons, heraldry, interlaced narrative
c. 1000	Early Medieval   Crist I   Beowulf   Sigelwara	Eärendil, light Elves, Ents, Orcs; Rohan Silmarils, Balrogs, Harad
c. 400	Romano-British   Temple of Nodens	Rings of Power; Dwarves
c. 100	Christianity   The One God   The Devil	Eru Ilúvatar Melkor/Morgoth
c. 400 BC	Classical era   Atlantis   Ring of Gyges   Orpheus and Eurydice   Oedipus   Prometheus	Númenor The One Ring Beren and Lúthien Túrin Turambar Fëanor
c. 1000 BC	Bronze to Iron Age   Uffington White Horse   Hallstatt culture	Rohan's horse-culture Barrow-wight's treasure
c. 5000 BC	Neolithic   Pile Houses of Europe   Barrows	Esgaroth (Lake-town) Barrow-downs
150 mya	Jurassic   Pterosaurs	The Nazgûl's Fell beasts

Construction of the music for The Lord of the Rings films, from Tolkien's work to Howard Shore's score, with clickable links.

Imagemap with clickable links. Tolkien's Sigelwara etymologies, leading to three strands in his writings on Middle-earth.

Imagemap with clickable links. Apparent influence of archaeological and philological work at Nodens' Temple on Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium

Imagemap with clickable links. Crist I's influence on Tolkien's legendarium

Yoga

• 
  Mode of action of mudras, serving to trap prana and helping to unblock the central sushumna channel
• 
  The shatkarmas, preliminary purifications in hatha yoga
• 
  Growth in number of asanas
• 
  Working in Trikonasana (infographic)
• 
  Different schools teach yoga with varying emphases
• 
  Kumbhaka breath-retention in pranayama
• 
  Goldberg's Path of Modern Yoga
• 
  Patanjali's eight limbs of yoga
• 
  Infographic on Yogini temples, showing design for communion with flying yoginis
• 
  Hirapur: putting the yoni into yogini
• 
  Khajuraho Yogini temple plan
• 
  Four stages of Khecarī mudrā
• 
  Early Bindu Model of Hatha Yoga
• 
  Late Kundalini Model of Hatha Yoga
• 
  Post-lineage yoga
• 
  Yoga and cultural appropriation
• 
  Amaraugha and other early hatha yoga texts
• 
  Yoga as exercise's origins