Tonkin black crested gibbon

Tonkin black crested gibbon
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Hylobatidae
Genus:	Nomascus
Species:	N. concolor
Subspecies:	N. c. concolor
Trinomial name
	Nomascus concolor concolor; (Harlan, 1826)
Synonyms
	List ? furvogaster Ma & Wang, 1986 ; ? jingdongensis Ma & Wang, 1986 ; Hylobates concolor subsp. concolor ; Hylobates concolor subsp. furvogaster (Ma & Wang, 1986) ; Hylobates concolor subsp. jingdongensis (Ma & Wang, 1986) ; Nomascus concolor subsp. furvogaster (Ma & Y.Wang, 1986) ; Nomascus concolor subsp. jingdongensis (Ma & Y.Wang, 1986) ;

The Tonkin black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor concolor) is a critically endangered subspecies of the black crested gibbon found in Yunnan and Vietnam.

Distribution

Geographic range

The Tonkin black crested gibbon is found occurs in central and southwestern Yunnan (China) and in northern Vietnam, precisely in Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Son La and Lai Châu provinces.^[3]

Habitat

The Tonkin black-crested gibbon lives in forests at altitudes of between 1,800 and 2,500 m (5,900 and 8,200 ft).^[4]^[1]

Behavior

Social structure

The Tonkin black-crested gibbon lives in groups.^[1]^[5]^[6]

Feeding

The Tonkin black-crested gibbon feeds mainly on leaves, fruits, figs and flowers.^[1]^[4]^[7]

Conservation

Status

As of November 2015, the Tonkin black crested gibbon is critically endangered.^[1]

Threats

The Tonkin black-crested gibbon is threatened by the destructive use of local forests, hunting, selective logging and the encroachment of agriculture on its environment.^[1]^[3]^[5]^[8]

Conservation actions

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pengfei, F.; Nguyen, M.H.; Roos, C.; Rawson, B.M. (2020). "Nomascus concolor ssp. concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T160304839A17991381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T160304839A17991381.en. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
^ "Nomascus concolor subsp. concolor". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
^ ^a ^b Geissmann, T., Dang, N.X., Lormée, N. and Momberg, F. 2000. Vietnam primate conservation status review 2000 - Part 1: Gibbons. Fauna and Flora International, Indochina Programme, Hanoi. 130 pp. ISBN 1-903703-03-4
^ ^a ^b Peng-Fei, Fan; Xue-Long, Jiang; Chang-Cheng, Tian (April 2009). "The Critically Endangered black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor on Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China: the role of forest types in the species' conservation". Oryx. 43 (2): 203. doi:10.1017/s0030605308001907. ISSN 0030-6053.
^ ^a ^b Jiang, Xuelong; Luo, Zhonghua; Zhao, Shiyuan; Li, Rongzhong; Liu, Changming (2006-02-28). "Status and distribution pattern of black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) in Wuliang Mountains, Yunnan, China: implication for conservation". Primates. 47 (3): 264–271. doi:10.1007/s10329-005-0175-3. ISSN 0032-8332. PMID 16505943.
^ Fan, Peng-Fei; Jiang, Xue-Long (2009-09-19). "Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s10764-009-9375-9. ISSN 0164-0291.
^ Fan, Pengfei; Ni, Qingyong; Sun, Guozheng; Huang, Bei; Jiang, Xuelong (2008-11-21). "Gibbons under seasonal stress: the diet of the black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) on Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China". Primates. 50 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s10329-008-0114-1. ISSN 0032-8332. PMID 19020947.
^ Wei, Wu; Wang, Xiaoming; Claro, Francoise; Ding, Youzhong; Souris, Anne-Camille; Wang, Chundong; Wang, Changhe; Berzins, Rachel (October 2004). "The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China". Oryx. 38 (4): 452–456. doi:10.1017/s0030605304000845. ISSN 0030-6053.

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[IUCN-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pengfei, F.; Nguyen, M.H.; Roos, C.; Rawson, B.M. (2020). "Nomascus concolor ssp. concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T160304839A17991381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T160304839A17991381.en. Retrieved 3 September 2024.

[2] "Nomascus concolor subsp. concolor". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-09-03.

[:0-3] Geissmann, T., Dang, N.X., Lormée, N. and Momberg, F. 2000. Vietnam primate conservation status review 2000 - Part 1: Gibbons. Fauna and Flora International, Indochina Programme, Hanoi. 130 pp. ISBN 1-903703-03-4

[:1-4] Peng-Fei, Fan; Xue-Long, Jiang; Chang-Cheng, Tian (April 2009). "The Critically Endangered black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor on Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China: the role of forest types in the species' conservation". Oryx. 43 (2): 203. doi:10.1017/s0030605308001907. ISSN 0030-6053.

[:3-5] Jiang, Xuelong; Luo, Zhonghua; Zhao, Shiyuan; Li, Rongzhong; Liu, Changming (2006-02-28). "Status and distribution pattern of black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) in Wuliang Mountains, Yunnan, China: implication for conservation". Primates. 47 (3): 264–271. doi:10.1007/s10329-005-0175-3. ISSN 0032-8332. PMID 16505943.

[6] Fan, Peng-Fei; Jiang, Xue-Long (2009-09-19). "Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s10764-009-9375-9. ISSN 0164-0291.

[7] Fan, Pengfei; Ni, Qingyong; Sun, Guozheng; Huang, Bei; Jiang, Xuelong (2008-11-21). "Gibbons under seasonal stress: the diet of the black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) on Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China". Primates. 50 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s10329-008-0114-1. ISSN 0032-8332. PMID 19020947.

[8] Wei, Wu; Wang, Xiaoming; Claro, Francoise; Ding, Youzhong; Souris, Anne-Camille; Wang, Chundong; Wang, Changhe; Berzins, Rachel (October 2004). "The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon Nomascus sp. cf. nasutus hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China". Oryx. 38 (4): 452–456. doi:10.1017/s0030605304000845. ISSN 0030-6053.

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