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South African Class MH 2-6-6-2

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South African Class MH 2-6-6-2
SAR Class MH no. 1661, c. 1915
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerSouth African Railways
(D.A. Hendrie)
BuilderNorth British Locomotive Company
Serial number20958-20962
ModelSAR Class MH
Build date1915
Total produced5
Specifications
Configuration:
 • Whyte2-6-6-2 (Prairie Mallet)
 • UIC(1'C)C1'hv4
Driver3rd & 6th coupled axles
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.28+12 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.48 in (1,219 mm)
Trailing dia.33+12 in (851 mm)
Tender wheels34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase70 ft 10+14 in (21,596 mm) ​
 • Engine43 ft 7 in (13,284 mm)
 • Coupled8 ft 8 in (2,642 mm) per unit
 • Tender16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
 • Tender bogie4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Length:
 • Over couplers79 ft 5 in (24,206 mm)
Height12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
Frame typeBar & Plate
Axle load18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg) ​
 • Leading7 LT 9 cwt (7,570 kg)
 • 1st coupled16 LT 16 cwt (17,070 kg)
 • 2nd coupled16 LT 19 cwt (17,220 kg)
 • 3rd coupled17 LT 6 cwt (17,580 kg)
 • 4th coupled18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)
 • 5th coupled18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)
 • 6th coupled18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)
 • Trailing15 LT 3 cwt (15,390 kg)
 • Tender bogieBogie 1: 27 LT 10 cwt (27,940 kg)
Bogie 2: 23 LT 11 cwt (23,930 kg)
 • Tender axle13 LT 15 cwt (13,970 kg)
Adhesive weight105 LT 13 cwt (107,300 kg)
Loco weight128 LT 5 cwt (130,300 kg)
Tender weight51 LT 1 cwt (51,870 kg)
Total weight179 LT 6 cwt (182,200 kg)
Tender typeMP1 (2-axle bogies)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap.4,250 imp gal (19,300 L)
Firebox:
 • TypeRound-top
 • Grate area53 sq ft (4.9 m2)
Boiler:
 • Pitch7 ft 10+12 in (2,400 mm)
 • Diameter5 ft 11 in (1,803 mm)
 • Tube plates22 ft (6,706 mm)
 • Small tubes168: 2+14 in (57 mm)
 • Large tubes25: 5+12 in (140 mm)
Boiler pressure180 psi (1,241 kPa)
Safety valveRamsbottom
Heating surface:
 • Firebox250 sq ft (23 m2)
 • Tubes2,961 sq ft (275.1 m2)
 • Total surface3,211 sq ft (298.3 m2)
Superheater:
 • Heating area634 sq ft (58.9 m2)
CylindersFour
High-pressure cylinder20 in (508 mm) bore
26 in (660 mm) stroke
Low-pressure cylinder31+12 in (800 mm) bore
26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve typeHP Piston
LP Richardson balanced slide
CouplersJohnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures
Tractive effort48,370 lbf (215.2 kN) @ 50%
Career
OperatorsSouth African Railways
ClassClass MH
Number in class5
Numbers1661–1665
Delivered1915
First run1915
Withdrawn1940

The South African Railways Class MH 2-6-6-2 of 1915 was an articulated Mallet-design steam locomotive.

In 1915, the South African Railways placed five Class MH Mallet articulated compound steam locomotives with a 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement in coal hauling service.[1][2][3]

Manufacturer

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During 1914, the requirement for locomotives with a high tractive effort to cope with the increasing volume of coal traffic between Witbank and Germiston led to the introduction of a heavy Mallet compound superheated engine with a 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement.[2]

D.A. Hendrie

The Class MH Mallet articulated locomotive was designed in detail in the locomotive drawing office in Pretoria under the personal direction of D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1910 to 1922. The draughtsman, specially detached for the work, was J.R. Boyer who was later to become the Chief Locomotive Draughtsman of the SAR. Five of these very large locomotives were ordered from North British Locomotive Company and delivered in 1915, numbered in the range from 1661 to 1665. They were erected in the Salvokop shops in Pretoria and were placed in service in September 1915.[1][2][3][4]

Characteristics

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The main bar frames, 4+12 inches (114 millimetres) thick, were machined from a 2 ft 2+12 in (673 mm) wide solid. The hind part of this frame was rigidly secured to the boiler through the high-pressure cylinder saddle castings and terminated just in front of the firebox outer throat plate. From this point rearwards, the frame was of the plate type and arranged to carry the spring gear and other fittings for the trailing Bissel truck.[1][2][3]

The locomotives were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear, controlled by steam reversing gear. The cylinders and steam chests were formed in three separate castings. The high-pressure cylinders were arranged with piston valves, while the low-pressure cylinders were arranged with Richardson balanced type slide valves, arranged above the cylinders. The steam chest covers of the low-pressure cylinders were designed with inclined joint faces to facilitate the handling of the valve and refacing of the ports during servicing.[2]

As built, the boiler pressure was set to blow off at 200 pounds per square inch (1,379 kilopascals), which gave the engine a tractive effort of 53,750 pounds-force (239.1 kilonewtons) at 50% of boiler pressure. The setting was later reduced to 180 pounds per square inch (1,241 kilopascals), which reduced the tractive effort to 48,370 pounds-force (215.2 kilonewtons) at 50% of boiler pressure.[1][2]

At the time of their introduction, the Class MH was the largest and most powerful locomotive in the world on Cape gauge. It attracted the attention of locomotive engineers throughout the world as an outstanding achievement for locomotive power on 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 millimetres) gauge.[1][2]

Its 105 long tons 13 hundredweight (107,300 kilograms) adhesive weight and the SAR's ultra-conservative practice of reporting a Mallet's tractive effort at only 50% of boiler pressure resulted in a much lower than actual starting tractive effort of 48,370 pounds-force (215.2 kilonewtons). The Class MH was almost certainly capable of exerting more than 60,000 pounds-force (270 kilonewtons) tractive effort at starting.[5]

Service

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They were initially placed in service on the coal line between Witbank and Germiston as intended to supplement the other Mallets already working on that line. In the 1930s they were transferred to Natal to work on the line between Vryheid and Glencoe, also hauling coal. They were outstanding in their performance and remained in Natal for the rest of their service lives until they were all retired and scrapped by 1940.[1][3][5]

Illustration

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, May 1945. pp. 350, 356.
  3. ^ a b c d Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 87. ISBN 0869772112.
  4. ^ North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
  5. ^ a b Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 21: Witbank Line by Les Pivnic, Eugene Armer, Peter Stow and Peter Micenko. Captions 3–4. Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine (Accessed on 4 May 2017)