Sleep inversion
Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies. Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion exchange diurnal habits for nocturnal habits, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day. Sleep-wake inversion, when involuntary, can be a sign of a serious disorder.[1]
Presentation
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Individuals with the delayed sleep phase type of the disorder exhibit habitually late sleep hours and an inability to change their sleeping schedule consistently. They often show sleepiness during the desired wake period of their days. Their actual phase of sleep is normal. Once they fall asleep, they stay asleep for a normal period of time, albeit a period of time that starts and stops at an abnormally late time.
Causes
[edit]Sleep inversion may be a symptom of elevated blood ammonia levels[2] and is often an early symptom of hepatic encephalopathy.[3] Sleep inversion is a feature of African trypanosomiasis, after which the disease takes its common name, "African sleeping sickness";[4] sleep-wake cycle disturbances are the most common indication that the disease has reached the stage where infection spreads into the central nervous system.[5]
See also
[edit]- Jet lag
- Shift work sleep disorder
- Circadian rhythm
- Delayed sleep phase disorder
- Encephalitis lethargica
- Lethargy
References
[edit]- ^ Morgan MY (2010). Alteration in Circadian Rhythms in patients with liver disease. London: University College.[full citation needed]
- ^ Bosoi CR, Rose CF (March 2009). "Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain". Metabolic Brain Disease. 24 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s11011-008-9112-7. hdl:1866/9593. ISSN 0885-7490. PMID 19104924. S2CID 3330087.
- ^ Mandiga P, Foris LA, Kassim G, Bollu PC (2020). "Hepatic Encephalopathy". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 28613619. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "CDC - African Trypanosomiasis - Disease". www.cdc.gov. 28 April 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
- ^ Maxfield L, Bermudez R (2020). "Trypanosomiasis (Trypansomiasis)". StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30571034. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Further reading
[edit]- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th text revised ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.[page needed]
- Buysse DJ, Morin CM, Reynolds CF (1995). "Sleep Disorders". In Gabbard GO (ed.). Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.[page needed]
- Hobson JA, Silvestri R (1999). "Sleep and Its Disorders". In Nicholi AM Jr (ed.). The Harvard Guide to Psychiatry. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.[page needed]
- "Sleep-wake inversion (Concept Id: C0338497)". MedGen. NCBI. NIH. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- Thorpy MJ, Yager J (2001). The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Sleep Disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Facts on File.[page needed]