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Roma Termini railway station

Coordinates: 41°54′03″N 12°30′07″E / 41.90083°N 12.50194°E / 41.90083; 12.50194
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Roma Termini
General information
LocationPiazzale dei Cinquecento
00185 Rome
Italy
Coordinates41°54′03″N 12°30′07″E / 41.90083°N 12.50194°E / 41.90083; 12.50194,
Owned byRete Ferroviaria Italiana
Operated byGrandi Stazioni
Line(s)
Platforms32
Connections
Other information
IATA codeXRJ
History
Opened1862; 162 years ago (1862)
Location
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
Façade of the first permanent Termini station, circa 1890. The obelisk on the right, a memorial to Italian casualties in battle of Dogali, is now in a nearby street, via delle Terme di Diocleziano.
Interior of the station building
(Feb 2017)
Platforms and concourse area is separated by ticket control gate for security reason
(Feb 2017)
Concourse area
(Feb 2017)

Roma Termini (in Italian, Stazione Termini) (IATA: XRJ) is the main railway station of Rome, Italy. It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian (in Latin, thermae), which lies across the street from the main entrance.[1][2] It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe, with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year,[3] and with 850 trains in transit per day.[4]

Overview

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The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to Munich, Geneva, and Vienna. 150 million passengers use Roma Termini each year and 850 trains run in and out of the station per day.[5] With 32 platforms,[6] Roma Termini is the joint largest railway station in Europe, tied with Paris' Gare du Nord and Munich's München Hbf.[7]

Termini is also the main hub for public transports inside Rome. Two Rome Metro lines (A and B) intersect at Termini metro station, and a major bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square in front of the station. However, the main tram lines of the city cross at Porta Maggiore, some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) east of the station.

On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to Pope John Paul II.[5]

History

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On 25 February 1863, Pope Pius IX opened the first, temporary Termini Station as the terminus of the Rome–Frascati, Rome–Civitavecchia and Rome-Ceprano lines.

The first two lines previously had separate stations elsewhere in the city, and, as the third line was under development, the city chose to build one central station, as opposed to the Paris model of having separate terminus stations for each line or each direction. The dilapidated Villa Montalto-Peretti, erected in the 16th century by Pope Sixtus V, was chosen as the site for this new station, which was to be called the "Stazione Centrale delle Ferrovie Romane" (Central Station of Roman Railways).

Construction of the permanent station began in 1868, in the last years of the Papal Temporal Power over the city of Rome, and was completed in 1874 after the Capture of Rome and installing of the government of United Italy. It was laid out according to a plan by the architect Salvatore Bianchi. The front of this station reached Via Cavour, which means it extended some 200 metres (660 ft) deeper into the city than the current station.

In 1937, it was decided to replace the old station, as part of the planning for the 1942 World's Fair, which was never held because of the outbreak of World War II. The old station was demolished, and part of the new station was constructed, but in 1943, upon the collapse of the Italian fascist government, works were halted. The side structures of the design by Angiolo Mazzoni still form part of the present-day station.[4]

The station building today

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The current building was designed by the two teams selected through a competition in 1947: Leo Calini and Eugenio Montuori; Massimo Castellazzi, Vasco Fadigati, Achille Pintonello and Annibale Vitellozzi. It was inaugurated in 1950. The building is characterized by the linear lobby hall, a tall space of monumental dimensions. This great hall is fronted by full-height glass walls, and is covered by a concrete roof that consists of a flattened and segmented arch, a modernist version of a barrel vault from a Roman bath. The vault is structurally integrated with a cantilevered canopy that extends over the entrance drive. The result is a gravity-defying modernist structure that also recalls a similar achievement of Roman architecture. The back of the hall leads to a transition space of ticketing functions and shops before reaching the train shed, and is topped by an even longer building block that houses a 10-story hotel, clad with travertine.

Access to the platforms can be gained on the main level and also via a subterranean passageway reached by escalators, both routes currently endowed with additional security measures.

Architecturally, the building expresses the sense of arrival in Rome, and communicates a sense of the Eternal City as both modern and traditional, looking forward to the future as well as remembering its history. Its bold presence in the urban fabric expresses the diversity of the city's history, and speaks of the dramatic new scale of the modern industrial economy of Italy.

The anodized aluminium frieze panels set in sequence along the length of the glass wall are the work of Hungarian-Italian artist Amerigo Tot. The composition is said to relate to the theme of capturing the dynamics in sound and speed of a train.[4]

Servian Walls

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A length of the early 4th century BC Roman Servian Wall is preserved outside the station.

Interchanges

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  • Metropolitana Metropolitana Termini interchange station for Line B and Line A on the Rome Metro.
  • Metropolitana Roma Laziali station on the Rome–Giardinetti railway.
  • public transportation 5 – 14 (Tram Line) – H – 38 – 40 Express – 64 – 66 – 70 – 75 – 82 – 90 Express – 92 – 105 – 150F – 223 – 310 – 590 – 714 – 910 – nMA – nMB – nMB1 – n5 – n8 – n11 – n46 – n66 – n70 – n92 – n98 – n543 – n716 – C2 – C3

Train services

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The services serving the station include the following (incomplete):

  • High speed services (Frecciarossa) Turin – Milan – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno
  • High speed services (Italo) Turin – Milan – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno
  • High speed services (Frecciarossa) Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples – Salerno
  • High speed services (Italo) Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Trieste – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Fiumicino Airport
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Udine – Treviso – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Bolzano/Bozen – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Brescia – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (italo) Brescia – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome – Naples
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Rome – Foggia – Bari – Brindisi – Lecce
  • High speed services (Frecciargento) Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria
  • High speed services (Frecciabianca) Turin – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciabianca) Milan – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Florence – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciabianca) Ravenna – Rimini – Foligno – Terni – Rome
  • High speed services (Frecciabianca) Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria
  • Intercity services Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Messina – Palermo / Siracusa
  • Intercity services Rome – Naples – Salerno – Lamezia Terme – Reggio di Calabria
  • Intercity services Rome – Naples – Salerno – Taranto
  • Intercity services Rome – Foggia – Bari (- Taranto)
  • Intercity services Ventimiglia – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome
  • Intercity services Turin – Genoa – La Spezia – Pisa – Livorno – Rome – Naples – Salerno
  • Intercity services Livorno – Civitavecchia – Rome – Naples
  • Intercity services Trieste – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • Intercity services Ancona – Foligno – Terni – Rome
  • Intercity services Perugia – Foligno – Terni – Rome
  • Night train (EuroNight) Vienna – Klagenfurt – Villach – Venice – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • Night train (CityNightLine) Munich – Wörgl – Innsbruck – Verona – Bologna – Florence – Rome
  • Night train (Intercity Notte) Trieste – Udine – Treviso – Venice – Padua – Bologna – Rome
  • Night train (Intercity Notte) Bolzano/Bozen – Verona – Rome
  • Night train (Intercity Notte) Rome – Foggia – Bari – Brindisi – Lecce
  • Night train (Intercity Notte) Rome – Naples – Messina – Palermo / Siracusa
  • Regional services (Leonardo Express) Rome – Fiumicino Airport
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Pomezia – Latina – Formia – Minturno – Naples
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Pomezia – Nettuno
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Venafro – Roccaravindola
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Ciampino – Zagarolo – Collefero – Frosinone
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Ciampino – Albano Laziale
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Rome – Ciampino – Velletri
  • Regional services (Treno Regionale) Civitavecchia – Cerveteri – Rome
Preceding station   Trenitalia   Following station
Frecciarossa
toward Salerno
Frecciarossa
toward Salerno
FrecciargentoTerminus
FrecciargentoTerminus
Frecciargento
Terminus
toward Udine
FrecciargentoTerminus
FrecciargentoTerminus
toward Brescia
FrecciargentoTerminus
TerminusFrecciargento
toward Lecce
TerminusFrecciargento
toward 
FrecciabiancaTerminus
toward 
FrecciabiancaTerminus
toward 
FrecciabiancaTerminus
TerminusFrecciabianca
toward 
TerminusInterCity
TerminusInterCity
toward Siracusa
TerminusInterCity
TerminusInterCity
toward Taranto
TerminusInterCity
toward Ventimiglia
InterCityTerminus
InterCity
toward Salerno
InterCity
InterCityTerminus
toward Ancona
InterCityTerminus
toward Perugia
InterCityTerminus
toward Wien Hbf
EuroNightTerminus
toward München Hbf
EuroNightTerminus
Intercity NotteTerminus
Intercity NotteTerminus
TerminusIntercity Notte
toward Lecce
TerminusIntercity Notte
TerminusIntercity Notte
toward Siracusa
TerminusTreno regionale
Terminus
TerminusTreno regionale
TerminusTreno regionale
toward Nettuno
TerminusTreno regionale
TerminusTreno regionale
toward Frosinone
TerminusTreno regionale
TerminusTreno regionale
toward Velletri
Treno regionaleTerminus
Preceding station   Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori   Following station
Italo
toward Salerno
toward Brescia
Italo
ItaloTerminus
Preceding station Lazio regional railways Following station
Terminus FL4 Capannelle
FL5 Roma Tuscolana
FL6 Capannelle
towards Cassino
FL7 Torricola
FL8 Torricola
towards Nettuno
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Guida d'Italia. Roma. Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1999. p. 162.: "il toponimo deriva dalle terme di Diocleziano" ("the toponym derives from the Baths of Diocletian").
  2. ^ "Piazza di Termini: A Timeline of Urban Development".
  3. ^ "The Busiest Railway Stations In Europe". 28 August 2017.
  4. ^ a b c "Roma Termini, Grandi Stazioni Rail" (in Italian).
  5. ^ a b "Roma Termini" (in Italian). Grandi Stazioni. 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Trains to Roma Termini". Trainline. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Europe's Record-Holding Railway Stations". worldatlas.com. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
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