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Registered historic parks and gardens in Monmouthshire

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Monmouthshire shown within Wales

Monmouthshire is a county of Wales. It borders Torfaen and Newport to the west; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire (in England) to the east; and Powys to the north. The largest town is Abergavenny, with other large settlements being Chepstow, Monmouth, and Usk.[1] The present county was formed under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, which came into effect in 1996.[2][3] It has an area of 850 km2 (330 sq mi),[4] with a population of 93,200 as of 2021.[5] Monmouthshire comprises some sixty per cent of the historic county, and was known as Gwent between 1974 and 1996.[6][7][note 1]

The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales was established in 2002 and given statutory status in 2022.[9] Its heightened status reflected an increased recognition of the importance of historic landscapes. Elisabeth Whittle, president of the Welsh Historic Gardens Trust and Cadw's inspector of landscapes, wrote, "historic parks and gardens are an integral part of the Welsh archaeological and architectural heritage."[10] The register is administered by Cadw, the historic environment agency of the Welsh Government. It includes just under 400 sites, covering the gardens and parkland of private houses, historic deer parks, cemeteries, common land and public parks, which are recorded by principal area. Sites are listed at one of three grades, matching the grading system used for listed buildings. Grade I is the highest grade, for landscapes of exceptional interest; Grade II*, the next highest, denotes parks and gardens of more than special interest; while Grade II denotes nationally important sites of special interest.[11] In addition to the Cadw register, a separate record of historic sites, called Coflein, is maintained by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW).[12][note 2]

There are 48 registered parks and gardens in Monmouthshire. Five are listed at Grade I, nine at Grade II*, and thirty-four at Grade II. They include two deer parks, three urban parks, a cemetery and, the most common categories, the gardens of private houses and the parklands of country estates. The earliest sites are the mediaeval deer parks,[23][24] while the 16th and 17th centuries saw the construction of the "outstandingly important" gardens at Raglan Castle.[25] The 18th century brought the county's finest Picturesque landscape at Piercefield House,[26] and the 19th its best Gothic Revival work at Clytha Park.[27] In the 20th century Henry Avray Tipping created four gardens, all of which are Grade II*.[28]

Key

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Grade Criteria[29]
I Parks and gardens of exceptional interest
II* Particularly important parks and gardens of more than special interest
II Parks and gardens of national importance and special interest

List of parks and gardens

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ In his essay on local government in the fifth and final volume of the Gwent County History, Robert McCloy suggests that the governance of "no county in the United Kingdom in the twentieth century was so transformed as that of Monmouthshire".[8]
  2. ^ The Cadw/ICOMOS Register uses a single designation for each historic park and/or garden, the reference number in the penultimate column of the list. Individual sites may, however, have multiple historic listing designations. As an example, Abergavenny Castle has the Cadw designation for its garden.[13] It has listed building designations for the castle itself;[14] for the hunting lodge, now the town's museum;[15] for the gate lodge and its gates and wall;[16][17] and for the castle's outer wall.[18] The castle is also a designated scheduled monument.[19] Lastly, the RCAHMW maintains three records for the site on its National Monuments Record of Wales, Coflein, database: for the garden;[20] for the castle;[21] and for the remains of the town's walls.[22]
  3. ^ Sometimes known as OSGB36, the grid reference is based on the British national grid reference system used by the Ordnance Survey.
  4. ^ John Newman, the architectural historian, described the Swiss Cottage as "a sweet little thing but not particularly Swiss".[56]
  5. ^ Helena Gerrish, the owner of High Glanau as of 2023, published Edwardian Country Life: The Story of H. Avray Tipping in 2011.[60]
  6. ^ John Newman, in his contribution to the third volume of the Gwent County History, The Making of Monmouthshire, 1536-1780, published in 2009, notes that the avenue, planted in 1707, is still maintained into the 21st century.[73]
  7. ^ Elisabeth Whittle, in her 1992 volume, Glamorgan and Gwent, records that the remains of the water gardens could still be seen in the valley below the castle, "as boggy, iris-filled ditches and low mounds and banks."[100]

References

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  1. ^ Evans 1953, p. 29.
  2. ^ "Clause 256 (Hansard, 20 July 1972)". api.parliament.uk. HMSO. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  3. ^ "Local Government (Wales) Act 1994". UK Government. 1994. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  4. ^ "Monmouthshire – History, Facts, & Points of Interest". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Labour Market Profile - Monmouthshire". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  6. ^ Clark 1979, p. 207.
  7. ^ Clark 1980, p. 42.
  8. ^ McCloy 2013, p. 126.
  9. ^ "Registered historic parks and gardens". Cadw. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  10. ^ Whittle 1992a, p. 6.
  11. ^ "Historic Parks and Gardens". Cadw. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012.
  12. ^ "Coflein". Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  13. ^ Cadw. "Abergavenny Castle (PGW(Gt)9(MON))". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  14. ^ Cadw. "Abergavenny Castle (ruins) (Grade I) (2376)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  15. ^ Cadw. "Abergavenny Museum (Grade II) (86811)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  16. ^ Cadw. "Lodge of Abergavenny Castle (Grade II) (86897)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  17. ^ Cadw. "Wall, Gatepiers and Gates beside Lodge at entrance to Abergavenny Castle (Grade II) (86805)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  18. ^ Cadw. "Outer Wall of Abergavenny Castle (Grade II) (86797)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  19. ^ Cadw. "Abergavenny Castle (MM056)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  20. ^ "Abergavenny Castle Garden (79029)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  21. ^ "Abergavenny Castle (94876)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  22. ^ "Abergavenny Town Walls (306259)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  23. ^ a b "Abergavenny Priory Deer Park (79015)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  24. ^ a b "Chepstow Park Wood Deer Park (408063)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Raglan Castle Gardens, Raglan (266096)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Piercefield Park, Chepstow (266015)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  27. ^ a b "Clytha Park, Raglan (700398)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  28. ^ Mowl, Timothy (4 December 2022). "The magnificently beautiful house and garden of the writer who helped make Country Life what it is today". Country Life. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  29. ^ "Understanding registered historic parks & gardens: 2. What is registration?". Cadw. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  30. ^ "Abergavenny Castle Garden (79029)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  31. ^ "The Argoed Garden, Penallt, Monmouth (265998)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  32. ^ Smith, Lewis (15 October 2021). "The people campaigning to bring a lido back to Bailey Park". Wales Online. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  33. ^ "Bailey Park, Abergavenny (408062)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  34. ^ "Bertholey House Park (700403)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  35. ^ "Bertholey House (36462)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  36. ^ "Brynderwen Park, Bettws Newydd (700131)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Cefn Ila Park, Usk (700378)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  38. ^ "Cefn Tilla Park, Raglan (700337)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  39. ^ "Cefn Tilla Court Gardens, Llandenny (265955)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  40. ^ "Chapel House Garden, Monmouth (266090)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  41. ^ Cadw. "Chepstow Park (PGW(Gt)61(MON))". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  42. ^ Turner 2006, pp. 10–12.
  43. ^ "Chippenham Common, Monmouth (266091)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  44. ^ a b Newman 2000, p. 190.
  45. ^ "Coldbrook House Park, Abergavenny (700246)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  46. ^ Newman 2000, p. 161.
  47. ^ "Dewstow House Underground Water Garden, Calidcot (266053)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  48. ^ "Dingestow Court Park, Dingestow (700379)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  49. ^ "Dingestow Court Garden, Dingestow (265992)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  50. ^ Cadw. "Glen Usk (Grade II*) (2697)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  51. ^ "Glen Usk Gardens, Llanhennock (266028)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  52. ^ Cadw. "Glen Usk (PGW(Gt)36(MON))". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  53. ^ Whittle, Elisabeth (Autumn 2003). "The Hendre, Gardens, Llangattock-Vibon-Avel" (PDF). Welsh Historic Gardens Bulletin. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  54. ^ Cadw. "The Swiss Cottage, The Hendre (Grade II*) (2857)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  55. ^ "The Hendre Park, Monmouth (700386)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  56. ^ Newman 2000, p. 516.
  57. ^ Gerrish 2011, p. 162.
  58. ^ "High Glanau Garden, Trellech (266087)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  59. ^ Gerrish 2015, p. 27.
  60. ^ Gerrish 2011, Introduction.
  61. ^ "The Hill Garden and Grounds, Abergavenny (265900)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  62. ^ "Hilston Park, Skenfrith (700380)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  63. ^ "Itton Court Park, Chepstow (700382)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  64. ^ Heath 1807, p. unnumbered.
  65. ^ "The Kymin, Monmouth (79018)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  66. ^ Newman 2000, p. 606.
  67. ^ "Linda Vista Gardens, Abergavenny (408061)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  68. ^ "Llanarth Court Park, Llanarth (700066)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  69. ^ "A History of Llanvihangel Court and its Owners, 1559 - 1945". Ewyaslacy.org.uk. Ewyas Lacy Study Group. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  70. ^ "Llanfihangel Court Park, Llanfihangel Crucorney (700397)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  71. ^ Cadw. "Stable Block at Llanvihangel Court (Grade I) (19288)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  72. ^ "Llangibby Castle Garden, Llangybi (265981)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  73. ^ Newman 2009, p. 341.
  74. ^ "Llanover Park, Llanover (700205)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  75. ^ "Llanover House (45084)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  76. ^ "Llantilio Court Park, Llantilio Crossenny (700407)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  77. ^ a b c Newman 2000, pp. 244–245.
  78. ^ "Lower Dyffryn Garden, Grosmont (79021)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  79. ^ "Mathern Palace Garden, Chepstow (266065)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  80. ^ "Mathern Palace – Chepstow". Parks & Gardens UK. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  81. ^ "Mounton House Gardens, Chepstow (266051)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  82. ^ Cadw. "North Pergola at Mounton House (Grade II) (24081)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  83. ^ Cadw. "Vine Pergola at Mounton House (Grade II) (24074)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  84. ^ Cadw. "North Urn on bowling green at Mounton House (Grade II) (24073)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  85. ^ Cadw. "South Urn on bowling green at Mounton House (Grade II) (24072)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  86. ^ Cadw. "Teahouse at Mounton House (Grade II) (24080)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  87. ^ Cadw. "Garden Walls at Mounton House (Grade II) (24078)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  88. ^ Cadw. "1, Mounton House Cottages (Grade II) (24075)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  89. ^ Cadw. "2, Mounton House Cottages (Grade II) (24076)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  90. ^ Cadw. "3, Mounton House Cottages (Grade II) (24077)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  91. ^ "Moynes Court Garden, Mathern, Chepstow (266063)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  92. ^ "Nelson Garden, Monmouth (408060)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  93. ^ "Nelson Garden homepage". Nelson Garden Preservation Trust. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  94. ^ "New Cemetery, Abergavenny (79014)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  95. ^ "Pant-y-Goitre Park, Llanover (700405)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  96. ^ "Pant-y-Goitre Gardens, Llanover (79024)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  97. ^ "Penhein Park, Llanfair Discoed (700242)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  98. ^ "Penhein Gardens, Llanfair Discoed (266047)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  99. ^ Kenyon 2008, p. 107.
  100. ^ Whittle 1992b, p. 148.
  101. ^ "Shirenewton Hall Gardens and Grounds, Shirenewton (266049)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  102. ^ "Shirenewton Hall Garden Seat, Shirenewton (23106)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  103. ^ "Shirenewton Hall Summer house, Shirenewton (23107)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  104. ^ "St John's Garden, Monmouth (266092)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  105. ^ "St Pierre Park, Mathern (266052)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  106. ^ "Talycoed Court Park, Llantilio Crossenny (700384)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  107. ^ "Talycoed Court Garden, Llantilio Crossenny (79026)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  108. ^ "Treowen Garden, Dingestow (79027)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  109. ^ "Treowen". Parks & Gardens UK. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  110. ^ "Trewyn Manor Park, Crucorney (79028)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  111. ^ "Trewyn House dovecote, Crucorney (43383)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  112. ^ Cadw. "Terrace walls, steps, garden walls, gatepiers and gates at Trewyn House (Grade II*) (19260)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  113. ^ Newman 2000, p. 391.
  114. ^ "Troy House Park, Monmouth (700389)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  115. ^ Cadw. "Walled Garden to the west of Troy House (Grade II*) (2886)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  116. ^ "Near derelict stately home goes under hammer for record £1,356,000". www.savebritainsheritage.org. Save Britain's Heritage. 29 May 2020.
  117. ^ "Wonastow Court Park, Mitchel Troy (700076)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  118. ^ Cadw. "Wonastow Court (Grade I) (2064)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  119. ^ "Wyelands Park, Chepstow (700334)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  120. ^ Cadw. "Wyelands (Grade II*) (24100)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  121. ^ "Wyndcliffe Court Garden, St Arvans (266098)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  122. ^ Cadw. "Garden terracing, steps, pool, pergola and summerhouse at Wyndcliffe Court (Grade II*) (24764)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 25 December 2020.

Sources

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Further reading

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