Pandurang Vaman Kane
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2013) |
Pandurang Vaman Kane | |
---|---|
पांडुरंग वामन काणे | |
![]() | |
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (Nominated) | |
In office 16 November 1953[1] – 2 April 1964 | |
Preceded by | Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer |
Constituency | Presidential Nominee |
Vice Chancellor of the University of Bombay | |
In office 10 November 1947 – 9 November 1949 | |
Preceded by | M. C. Chagla |
Succeeded by | Natwarlal H. Bhagwati |
Personal details | |
Born | Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra | 7 May 1880
Died | 18 April 1972[2] | (aged 91)
Alma mater | University of Mumbai |
Awards | Sahitya Akademi Award (1956) Bharat Ratna (1963) |
Pandurang Vaman Kane (kɑːnɛ KAANAY; Marathi: पांडुरंग वामन काणे; 7 May 1880[3] – 18 April 1972[4]) was an Indian academic, historian, lawyer, Indologist, and Sanskrit scholar.[5] He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 1963.[6]
Kane's academic career spanned for more than four decades, and included a tenure as the vice-chancellor of the University of Bombay,[7] from 1947[8] to 1949.[9] He is known for his magnum opus, History of Dharmaśāstra (1930–62), a five-volume treatise on law in ancient and medieval India.[5][10] He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Indian parliament from 1953 to 1964.[1]
Kane initially studied and taught Sanskrit, but later obtained degrees in law and practiced before the Bombay High Court.[5][7] He taught Sanskrit at Wilson College and Elphinstone College and law at Government Law College.[5][7] Kane was a member of the Bombay Asiatic Society.[5][7]
The historian Ram Sharan Sharma says: "Pandurang Vaman Kane, a great Sanskritist wedded to social reform, continued the earlier tradition of scholarship. His monumental work entitled the "History of the Dharmasastra", published in five volumes in the twentieth century, is an encyclopedia of ancient social laws and customs. This enables us to study the social processes in ancient India."[11]
Early life
[edit]Kane was born on 7 May 1880 at Pedem (or Parasurama), near Chiplun, Ratnagiri district, Bombay Presidency. His paternal family belonged to a priestly caste, however, his father, Vamanrao Kane,[12] was a pleader and a taluka lawyer.[13]: I (Epilogue) His father taught him astrology and Sanskrit, instructing him to memorise Amarakosa, a Sanskrit thesaurus.[13]: II (Epilogue) He attended school and passed his matriculation examinations at Dapoli.[14]
Kane attended Wilson College, graduating with a B. A. degree in 1901, and was awarded the Bhau Daji Lad Prize in Sanskrit.[14] He continued studying Sanskrit at Wilson College, obtaining a M. A. in English and Sanksrit by 1903.[14] He briefly taught as a school teacher at Government High School, Ratnagiri and Elphinstone High School, Bombay.[14] In 1909, he was appointed professor of Sanskrit at Elphinstone College.[14]
Career
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Asiatic_Town_Hall%2C_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Asiatic_Town_Hall%2C_Mumbai.jpg)
Kane is best known for his History of Dharmaśāstra, a five-volume treatise on law in ancient and medieval India.[5][10] Dharmaśāstra is a group of Sanskrit texts on law and conduct.[15] Kane's treatise is an English digest of the Dharmaśāstra.[16]
The first volume of the History of Dharmaśāstra was completed by Kane and published by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune in 1930.[17] The final volume, namely the fifth volume of the treatise, was published in two parts, with the second part being published in 1962.[18] The whole treatise encompasses 6,500 pages, and provides an authoritative and encyclopedic treatment of the religious and civil law of ancient and medieval India.[18]
Kane wrote the book Vyavaharamayukha and was in the process of writing an introductory passage on the History of Dharmaśāstra for this book so that the reader would get an overall idea apart from the subject of the book. One thing led to another and this project snowballed into the major work that it is. All the same, he was categorical in saying that it is difficult to find an English equivalent of the word "Dharma." His output in the form of writings across the three languages of English, Sanskrit and Marathi spans nearly 15,000 pages.
‘History of Poetics’ was one of his other great books. Apart from Theology and Poetry, he wrote a great deal on other topics too, which included Astrology, Cultural and Geographical history of India-Maharashtra-Konkan- Vidarbha, Marathi language, its grammar, language & handwriting, economics of Kautilya (Chanakya), Mathematics, Dramatics, etc. There are in all 198 publications by his name. They include 39 texts, 115 articles, 44 books, introductions and reviews.
Recognition
[edit]Dr. Kane was rewarded as Mahamahopadhyaya (Etymology: Maha+Maha+Upadhyay = The greatest among the great teachers), usually shortened to MM as a prefix in the writings that refer to him. He served as the vice-chancellor of the University of Mumbai. His services were requisitioned and enlisted for establishing Kurukshetra University in Indic studies. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award in 1956 for History of Dharmaśāstra, vol. IV for his research under the Sanskrit translation category. He was also an honorary member of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha as a member of Parliament for his distinguished record in the field of academics. The highest accolade bestowed upon him was the Bharat Ratna in 1963.
The Asiatic Society of Mumbai sponsored a stamp in his honour, which was released by the Governor of Maharashtra on 18 April 2022.
Indian law
[edit]Kane believed that the Constitution of India made a complete break with the traditional ideas prevalent in India by engendering a false notion among the people that they have rights but no obligations.[citation needed]
Given the encyclopaedic and authoritative nature of his work, it is often used in debates in Polity. One such issue that cropped up during Atal Bihari Vajpayee government was whether ancient Indians ate beef and both the groups quoted extensively from Kane's work to support their viewpoint. This issue became important as Hindus traditionally revere the cow as a mother and hence eating of beef is prohibited. Another such issue was whether the girls in the ancient times had the right to wear the yajnopavita (sacred thread), as the upanayana ceremony was restricted only to the men in the recent past.
Legacy
[edit]To commemorate him, the Asiatic Society of Mumbai has established the Mm. Dr. P.V. Kane Institute for Post Graduate studies and Research in 1974 to promote, encourage and facilitate research in oriental studies. Also, MM Dr. P.V. Kane Gold Medal is given once every three years to a scholar for outstanding contribution to the study of Vedic, Dharmashastra or Alankara Literature.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "List of Nominated Members Since 1952". Rajya Sabha. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012.
- ^ "RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 – 2003" (PDF). Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ S. K. Dhawan (1991). Bharat Ratnas, 1954-1991. Wave Publications. p. 78.
- ^ SOAS University of London (1970). Report of the Governing Board and Statement of Accounts (PDF). Hertfordshire: Stephen Austin and Sons Ltd. p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e f "Centre issues postage stamp in honour of Indologist PV Kane". Hindustan Times. Mumbai. 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023.
- ^ "Dr. P. V. Kane, the noted historian and scholar, the President, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the Vice-President, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Prime Minister Nehru, and Mrs. P. M. Maneckji, after the investiture ceremoney in Rashtrapati Bhavan on Wednesday at which Dr. Kane and Dr. Hussain were awarded the Bharat Ratna". The Indian Express. Chittoor. 19 April 1963. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d Vaibhav Mariwala (17 July 2017). "Dr. Kane Road: Scholar, lawyer who helped shape modern Hindu Law". The Indian Express. Mumbai. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021.
- ^ "New Vice-Chancellor of Bombay 'Varsity". The Indian Express. Madras. 13 November 1947. p. 8.
- ^ "New Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University". The Indian Express. Madras. 12 November 1949. p. 9.
- ^ a b Abhiram Ghadyalpatil (31 July 2016). "Bhandarkar Institute:The fountainhead of oriental studies". LiveMint. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022.
- ^ Sharma, R.S. (2005). India's Ancient Past. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-568785-9.
- ^ M. D. Paradkar (1977–78). "Mahamahopadhyaya Dr Pandurang Vaman Kane - Life and Work". Journal of the Asiatic Society. New Series. 52–53. Mumbai: The Asiatic Society of Mumbai: 1.
- ^ a b Pandurang Vaman Kane (1962). History of Dharmaśāstra. Vol. V. Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
- ^ a b c d e S. M. Katre; P. K. Gode, eds. (1941). A Volume of Studies in Indology. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. p. (v), (vi).
- ^ Matt Stefon (24 October 2018). "Dharma-shastra". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Dharmaśāstra". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ S. V. FitzGerald (1932). "History of Dharmaśāstra. By P. V. Kane. Government Oriental Series, Class B, No. 6, Vol. i, 9½ × 6, Pp. Xlviii 760 15, Poona: Bhandarkar Research Institute, 1930". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 64. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 158, 158.
- ^ a b Ludwik Sternbach (1963). "History of Dharmaśāstra. Vol. V. Pt. 2 by Mahāmahopādhyāya Pandurang Vaman Kane". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 83 (3). American Oriental Society: 375, 375. doi:10.2307/598085. JSTOR 598085.
Other sources
[edit]- S.G. Moghe (editor), Professor Kane's contribution to Dharmasastra literature, 1997, New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd. ISBN 81-246-0075-9
- Autobiographical Epilogue in History of Dharmashastra Vol 5
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
- Works by or about Pandurang Vaman Kane at the Internet Archive
- Rare letters and correspondences of P.V. Kane Archived 7 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- A write-up on MM Dr. P.V. Kane
- Publication dates of volumes
- Sahitya Akademi Award
- Honorary member of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Archived 13 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- Evolution of MM Dr. P.V. Kane’s Magnum Opus
- Constitution making a complete break with traditional ideas of India
- Biography (Chapter 2.2) (German site, biography in English)
- Kane's chronology of Dharmasastra literature (At the bottom of the article) (German site, chronology in English)
- P V Kane – Notes for the biography – Padmakar Dadegaonkar
- भारतरत्न, महामहोपाध्याय डॉ.पा.वा.काणे
- 1880 births
- 1972 deaths
- Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Sanskrit
- Recipients of the Bharat Ratna
- Marathi-language writers
- Indian Indologists
- Historians of India
- Scholars from Maharashtra
- University of Mumbai alumni
- Indian Sanskrit scholars
- People from Ratnagiri district
- Marathi people
- Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
- 20th-century Indian educators
- 20th-century Indian historians