October 2014 lunar eclipse
Total lunar eclipse 8 October 2014 | |
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From Lomita, California, 10:55 UTC | |
Ecliptic north up![]() The Moon passes right to left (west to east) through Earth's shadow | |
Saros (and member) | 127 (42 of 72) |
Gamma | 0.3826 |
Magnitude | 1.1659 |
Duration (hr:mn:sc) | |
Totality | 0:58:50 |
Partial | 3:19:31 |
Penumbral | 5:18:03 |
Contacts (UTC) | |
P1 | 8:15:36 |
U1 | 9:14:48 |
U2 | 10:25:09 |
Greatest | 10:54:35 |
U3 | 11:23:59 |
U4 | 12:34:19 |
P4 | 13:33:39 |
A total lunar eclipse took place on Wednesday 8 October 2014. It is the second of two total lunar eclipses in 2014, and the second in a tetrad (four total lunar eclipses in series). Other eclipses in the tetrad are those of 15 April 2014, 4 April 2015, and 28 September 2015. Occurring only 2.1 days after perigee (Perigee on 6 October 2014), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger, 1960.6 arcseconds (32 arcminutes, 40.6 arcseconds).
This is the 42nd member of Lunar Saros 127. The previous event is the September 1996 lunar eclipse. The next event is October 2032 lunar eclipse.
Visibility and appearance
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2014-10-08_Lunar_Eclipse_Sketch.png/220px-2014-10-08_Lunar_Eclipse_Sketch.png)
The eclipse was visible in its entirety over the Northern Pacific. Viewers in North America experienced the eclipse after midnight on Wednesday, 8 October, and the eclipse was visible from the Philippines, Western Pacific, Australia, Indonesia, Japan, and Eastern Asia after sunset on the evening of 8 October. Many areas of North America experienced a selenelion, able to see both the sun and the eclipsed moon at the same time.[1]
The MESSENGER spacecraft from orbit at the planet Mercury which was 107 million kilometers away from Earth at the time also observed the eclipse, making it the first lunar eclipse in history to be observed from another planet.[2][3]
![]() Simulation of Earth from the Moon. |
![]() Visibility |
Background
[edit]A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, the Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically - the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by the Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.[4] The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through the Earth's shadow. The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow. The southern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest, and most red in appearance.
The planet Uranus was near opposition (opposition on 7 October[5]) during the eclipse, just over 1° from the eclipsed Moon. Shining at magnitude 5.7, Uranus should have been bright enough to identify in binoculars. Due to parallax, the position of Uranus relative to the Moon varied significantly depending on the viewing position on the surface of Earth.
Gallery
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Composite from Aichi prefecture, Japan |
![]() Composite from Coralville, IA, first contact to the greatest. |
![]() Selenelion from Minneapolis, MN, with a partially eclipsed moon still up after sunrise, 12:26 UTC, seen by sunlight on foreground trees, right. |
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Minneapolis, MN, 9:46 UTC, triple exposure
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Before the beginning of total eclipse, Valdosta, GA, 10:02 UTC
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Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 10:26 UTC
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California, 10:39 UTC
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Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 10:41 UTC
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The eclipse with Uranus in Minneapolis, 10:46 UTC
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After the end of total eclipse, Santa Clara County, CA, 11:28 UTC
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Partial phase of the eclipse, Hefei, China, 12:18 UTC
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Minneapolis, MN, 12:24 UTC
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Lunar eclipse as viewed from Mercury, captured from the MESSENGER spacecraft. The Moon can be seen falling into the shadow of Earth. This movie was constructed from 31 images taken two minutes apart, from 9:18 UTC to 10:18 UTC.
Timing
[edit]Time zone adjustments from UTC |
+8h | +11h | +13h | -9h | -8h | -7h | -6h | -5h | -4h | -3h | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWST | AEDT | NZDT | HADT | AKDT | PDT | MDT | CDT PET |
EDT BOT |
ADT AMST ART | |||||
Event | Evening 8 October | Evening 7 October | Morning 8 October | |||||||||||
P1 | Penumbral begins | N/A† | 7:16 pm | 9:16 pm | 11:16 pm | 12:16 am | 1:16 am | 2:16 am | 3:16 am | 4:16 am | 5:16 am | |||
U1 | Partial begins | N/A† | 8:15 pm | 10:15 pm | 12:15 am | 1:15 am | 2:15 am | 3:15 am | 4:15 am | 5:15 am | 6:15 am | |||
U2 | Total begins | 6:25 pm | 9:25 pm | 11:25 pm | 1:25 am | 2:25 am | 3:25 am | 4:25 am | 5:25 am | 6:25 am | 7:25 am | |||
Greatest eclipse | 6:55 pm | 9:55 pm | 11:55 pm | 1:55 am | 2:55 am | 3:55 am | 4:55 am | 5:55 am | 6:55 am | Set | ||||
U3 | Total ends | 7:24 pm | 10:24 pm | 12:24 am | 2:24 am | 3:24 am | 4:24 am | 5:24 am | 6:24 am | Set | Set | |||
U4 | Partial ends | 8:34 pm | 11:34 pm | 1:34 am | 3:34 am | 4:34 am | 5:34 am | 6:34 am | Set | Set | Set | |||
P4 | Penumbral ends | 9:34 pm | 12:34 am | 2:34 am | 4:34 am | 5:34 am | 6:34 am | Set | Set | Set | Set |
† The Moon was not visible during this part of the eclipse in this time zone.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lunar_eclipse_contact_diagram.svg/220px-Lunar_eclipse_contact_diagram.svg.png)
[6]
| The timing of total lunar eclipses are determined by its contacts:
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses of 2014
[edit]- A total lunar eclipse on 15 April.
- A non-central annular solar eclipse on 29 April.
- A total lunar eclipse on 8 October.
- A partial solar eclipse on 23 October.
The eclipse is the one of four total lunar eclipses in a short-lived series at the descending node of the Moon's orbit.
The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations, or 354 days (shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, Earth's shadow will be about 11° west in sequential events.
Lunar eclipse series sets from 2013–2016 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
Saros | Viewing date |
Type | Gamma | Saros | Viewing date |
Type | Gamma | |
112![]() |
2013 Apr 25![]() |
Partial![]() |
−1.0121 | 117![]() |
2013 Oct 18![]() |
Penumbral![]() |
1.1508 | |
122![]() |
2014 Apr 15![]() |
Total![]() |
−0.3017 | 127 |
2014 Oct 08![]() |
Total![]() |
0.3827 | |
132![]() |
2015 Apr 04![]() |
Total![]() |
0.4460 | 137![]() |
2015 Sep 28![]() |
Total![]() |
−0.3296 | |
142 | 2016 Mar 23![]() |
Penumbral![]() |
1.1592 | 147![]() |
2016 Sep 16![]() |
Penumbral![]() |
−1.0549 | |
Last set | 2013 May 25 | Last set | 2012 Nov 28 | |||||
Next set | 2017 Feb 11 | Next set | 2016 Aug 18 |
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[7] This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of solar saros 134.
3 October 2005 | 14 October 2023 |
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Saros series
[edit]Lunar saros series 127, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, has a total of 72 lunar eclipse events including 54 umbral lunar eclipses (38 partial lunar eclipses and 16 total lunar eclipses). Solar Saros 134 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.
Greatest | First | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 1888 Jul 23, lasting 102 minutes. |
Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
1275 Jul 09 | 1473 Nov 04 | 1798 May 29 | 1834 Jun 21 | |
Last | ||||
Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
1960 Sep 05 | 2068 Nov 09 | 2429 Jun 17 | 2555 Sep 02 |
1906 Aug 04 | 1924 Aug 14 | 1942 Aug 26 | |||
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1960 Sep 05 | 1978 Sep 16 | 1996 Sep 27 | |||
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2014 Oct 08 | 2032 Oct 18 | 2050 Oct 30 | |||
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2068 Nov 09 | |||||
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Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded: Lunar eclipse of August 28, 2007
- Followed: Lunar eclipse of November 19, 2021
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Boyle, Alan (7 October 2014). "Lunar Eclipse Provides an Extra Twist for Skywatchers: Selenelion". NBC News. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
- ^ "Lunar Eclipse From Mercury". NASA. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "From Mercury orbit, MESSENGER watches a lunar eclipse". Planetary Society. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ Fred Espenak & Jean Meeus. "Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses". NASA. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Clarke, Kevin. "On the nature of eclipses". Inconstant Moon. Cyclopedia Selenica. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
- 2014 Oct 08 chart: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- Wake Up to October 8th's Total Lunar Eclipse (SkyandTelescope.com)
- Hermit eclipse: 2014-10-08
- Total Lunar Eclipse, October 2014 InfoSite - Mattastro
- Animation of the October 8 2014 eclipse at shadowandsubstance.com