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November 1973

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November 16, 1973: Final U.S. mission to Skylab space station launched with U.S. astronauts William Pogue (top), Gerald Carr (bottom) and Ed Gibson (not pictured)
November 4, 1973: Netherlands becomes the first nation to inaugurate "driverless Sundays" to conserve fuel

The following events occurred in the year November 1973:

November 1, 1973 (Thursday)

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November 2, 1973 (Friday)

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  • The United Nations General Assembly voted, 93 to 7, to recognize the independence of Guinea-Bissau, the former colony of Portuguese Guinea, which had made a unilateral declaration in September.[6]
  • The IMCO Conference for Marine Pollution, attended by 665 delegates from 79 countries, ended in London with the adoption of the MARPOL (Marine Pollution) convention.[7][8][9]
  • Moscow police foiled the hijacking of Aeroflot Flight 19 after four armed men took control of the Yak-40 shuttle jet as it was approaching the city of Bryansk on a flight from Moscow. The hijackers diverted the airplane back to Moscow's Vnukovo Airport and held the 24 passengers and three crew hostage, demanding to be flown to Sweden and to be paid 1.5 million dollars in U.S. currency. Under the direction of KGB Director Yuri Andropov and Internal Affairs Minister Nikolai Shchelokov, a four-member police team stormed the aircraft. Two hijackers were killed, but the passengers and crew were rescued.
  • Six of the 16 people aboard a Colombian airliner were killed in the crash of a La Urraca Airlines flight as it made an emergency landing at Villavicencio.

November 3, 1973 (Saturday)

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Mariner 10
  • At 12:45 (0545 UTC) in the morning local time, NASA launched Mariner 10 toward the planet Mercury.[10] On March 29, 1974, the Mariner would become the first space probe to reach that planet).
  • A passenger on National Airlines Flight 27 was blown out of the window of an airplane at an altitude of 39,000 feet (12,000 m) over the U.S. state of New Mexico, after the number 3 engine on the Douglas DC-10-10, exploded and fragments penetrated the fuselage.[11] The jet had been en route from Houston to Las Vegas when the accident happened at 4:40 in the afternoon, and made a safe emergency landing in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[12] According to the subsequent NTSB invedstigation, the cockpit voice recorder showed that the engine explosion happened immediately after the first officer asked the captain "Wonder— wonder if you pull the N1 tach will that— autothrottle respond to N1?" and the captain replied, "Gee, I don't know." The first officer then said "You want to try it and see?" Thirty-four seconds later, the explosion happened.[13] An extensive search was unable to locate the passenger, machinist George F. Gardner of Beaumont, Texas, who had been sitting by the window in seat 17F.[14]
  • The crash of a Greyhound bus in Sacramento, California killed 13 people, including the driver, and injured the other 31 people on board after striking a bridge support at a speed of 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). The bus had been chartered by the "Variety Swingers", all residents of Richmond, California, and was returning from a day of gambling in Reno, Nevada.[15]
  • Arnold Taylor of South Africa won the World Boxing Association bantamweight championship in Johannesburg by knocking out titleholder Romeo Anaya of Mexico in the 14th round.
  • Born:

November 4, 1973 (Sunday)

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  • The first "no driving Sunday" went into effect in the Netherlands as part of the Western European nation's attempt to conserve fuel during the Arab oil embargo. The only exceptions were emergency vehicles, taxis, public buses and motor vehicles with foreign license plates.[17]
  • The Gigantinho sports arena was opened in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Died: Dr. Haim G. Ginott, 51, Israeli-American child psychologist, newspaper columnist and author, died after a long illness.[18]

November 5, 1973 (Monday)

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November 6, 1973 (Tuesday)

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  • In Oakland, California, the assassination of school superintendent Marcus Foster was carried out by three members of a U.S. terrorist group, the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA). Foster who was shot multiple times, was the first African-American superintendent of schools for a major U.S. city. The white Deputy Superintendent, Robert W. Blackburn, was seriously wounded in the same attack.[23] Two days later, the San Francisco Chronicle received a letter from the SLA, claiming responsibility for the shooting and declaring that Foster was "guilty of crimes against children and the lives of the people."[24]
  • Pioneer 10, launched from Earth on March 2, 1972, began returning its first photographs of the planet Jupiter, starting from 16 million miles (25 million kilometers). It would make its closest approach to the solar system's largest planet on December 3.
  • The Israeli Defense Forces revealed that the death toll from the recent Yom Kippur War had been far higher than expected, with 1,854 dead and nearly one out of every 400 residents of the Middle Eastern nation killed or wounded. In contrast, Syria had one out of every 884 citizens as casualties, and Egypt had one of every 4,550.[25]
  • U.S. financier Robert L. Vesco, who had fled to the Bahamas after being investigated for embezzlement in making a donation to President Nixon's re-election campaign, was arrested in Nassau on a U.S. federal extradition warrant.[26]
  • The Liberian supertanker SS Golar Patricia exploded and sank in the Atlantic Ocean, but 44 of the 45 people on board were rescued by the Spanish liner MV Cabo San Vicente.[27][28]
  • Died: George Biddle, 88, American mural painter

November 7, 1973 (Wednesday)

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  • Both Houses of the U.S. Congress voted overwhelmingly to override President Richard Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, and passed into law. The vote was 284 to 135 in the House of Representatives and 75 to 18 in the U.S. Senate.[29]
  • Near Lodi, California, at the U.S. community of Victor, serial killers Willie Steelman and Douglas Gretzler murdered nine people (including three children) in one household, the home of Walter and Joanne Parkin.[30] The homicides followed eight other killings that had taken place in the preceding three weeks. After having killed 17 people starting on October 18, Steelman and Gretzler were arrested the day after the Parkin household massacre, after having committed the first of 17 murders over a 22-day period.[31]

November 8, 1973 (Thursday)

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  • The Second Cod War between the United Kingdom and Iceland was ended by agreement between the Prime Ministers of the two nations.[32]
  • Millennium '73, a three-day festival hosted by the 15-year-old Guru Maharaj Ji and his Divine Right Mission, drew 20,000 of his devotees to the Astrodome in Houston. The Guru called the festival "the most significant event in human history" and promised to launch 1,000 years of world peace.[33]
  • The British government made £146 million compensation available to three nationalized industries to cover losses resulting from its price restraint policies.
  • The animated musical Robin Hood was released by Walt Disney Productions, with the characters re-imagined as anthropomorphic animals.
  • Died: Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, 75, Turkish novelist and poet

November 9, 1973 (Friday)

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November 10, 1973 (Saturday)

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November 11, 1973 (Sunday)

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November 12, 1973 (Monday)

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November 13, 1973 (Tuesday)

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  • The U.S. and six other nations (the UK, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland) jointly decided to terminate an agreement to buy and sell gold only with each other, clearing the way for the U.S. to sell its dwindling, but still large stockpile, to private individuals. The seven nations had agreed on March 17, 1968, to halt sales of their gold stocks.[41]
  • The government of the United Kingdom proclaimed a state of emergency in light of the selective strikes of British coal miners.[42]
  • U.S. Senator Edward W. Brooke of Massachusetts talked to President Nixon personally during a meeting along with 14 other Republican senators, and said he thought that Nixon should resign in light of the Watergate scandal. Brooke said later of Nixon, "He took it very graciously. He said he understood it was made without malice. But he said it would be the easy way."[43]
  • Died:
    • Cardini (stage name for Richard V. Pitchford), 77, Welsh-born U.S. magician
    • Elsa Schiaparelli, 83, Italian-born French fashion designer.[44]
    • Bruno Maderna, 53, Italian conductor and composer, died of lung cancer
    • B. S. Johnson, 40, English novelist and TV producer, committed suicide

November 14, 1973 (Wednesday)

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Princess Anne and Captain Phillips in 1973[45]

November 15, 1973 (Thursday)

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  • The exchange of Israeli and Egyptian prisoners of war began the day after the announcement of an agreement between the two nations for repatriation of personnel captured during the Yom Kippur War. The International Red Cross flew a group of Egyptian POWs from Tel Aviv to Cairo on a DC-9, while an IRC DC-6 flew 26 wounded Israelis back home at the same time.[48] The exchange was completed by November 22.[49]
  • An apartment building fire in the U.S. city of Los Angeles killed 24 residents and injured 52 others after starting on a sofa in the building's lobby and then spreading quickly through open stairwells in the wood-frame structure. Although firefighters arrived at the Stratford Apartments within five minutes after the alarm sounded, many of the casualties died from jumping from their windows.[50]
  • Six weeks before the speed limit in the United States would be dropped to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), the U.S. state of Washington enacted a law lowering its speed limit to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). The traffic fatality rate would drop by 11 percent for the rest of the year.[51]

November 16, 1973 (Friday)

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Skylab 4 launched from Cape Canveral

November 17, 1973 (Saturday)

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November 18, 1973 (Sunday)

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  • At a meeting in Vienna, the oil ministers and administrators of the Arab states said they would postpone their plans for a 5 percent reduction in oil shipments to eight of the nine Common Market nations.
  • Died: Sir Gerald Nabarro, 60, controversial UK politician

November 19, 1973 (Monday)

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  • The Rio de la Plata Treaty was signed between the foreign ministers of both nations to settle their dispute over the boundary on the Rio de la Plata, the river that separates the two nations.[71]
  • The Laserium, the first regular laser show was launched by Ivan Dryer, who leased a laser from the California Institute of Technology for shows at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, followed by a tour of 46 cities in North America.
  • Born: Nim Chimpsky, chimpanzee later used in an extended study of animal language acquisition at Columbia University (d. 2000)
  • Savion Glover (born November 19, 1973) is an American tap dancer, actor, and choreographer.

November 20, 1973 (Tuesday)

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November 21, 1973 (Wednesday)

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  • U.S. President Richard Nixon's attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, revealed that an 18½-minute gap existed in one of the White House tape recordings related to the Watergate scandal.[74]
  • In one of the stranger qualification games for soccer football's the FIFA World Cup, the Chilean national football team showed up, as scheduled, for the match in Santiago against the Soviet Union, which was boycotting because the game was being played in the Estadio Nacional, where political prisoners had been tortured and executed after the September 11 coup d'état. With 15,000 fans in the stands and the scoreboard activated, the Chilean team took the field and worked their way down to the empty goal in the next 30 seconds, and team captain Francisco Valdés kicked the ball into the net to make the victory official. FIFA referee Erich Linemayr then signaled a victory for Chile.[75][76]
  • In Argentina, the right-wing terrorist group Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Alianza Anticomunista Argentina), which would go on to kill at least 1,122 people, committed its first known act, an unsuccessful attempt to murder Argentine Senator es:Hipólito Solari Yrigoyen with a car bomb.[77] Solari was injured, but survived the attack.[78]

November 22, 1973 (Thursday)

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  • Under the threat of an oil embargo from the Arab oil producing nations, Japan's government agreed to drop its support for Israel and joined the United Nations in advocating for a separate nation for Palestinian people in Israel. The decision of Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, announced by government spokesman Susumu Nikaido, has been called "Perhaps the most important policy decision ever made on the Middle East in the twentieth century."[79]
  • Saudi Arabia warned the United States that if the U.S. did not stop supporting Israel, the Saudis were prepared to reduce oil production by 80 percent, and added that if the U.S. attempted to use force, Saudi Arabia would destroy its oil wells.[80]
  • Born:
  • Died: John Dedman, 77, Australian politician

November 23, 1973 (Friday)

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November 24, 1973 (Saturday)

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November 25, 1973 (Sunday)

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November 26, 1973 (Monday)

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  • Representatives of the nations of Indonesia and Malaysia signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to pay jointly for an independent survey and demarcation of their boundaries on the island of Borneo.
  • In testimony before a U.S. District Judge John J. Sirica, U.S. President Nixon's personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, took the blame for an 18-minute gap on a tape recording that would have been important evidence in the investigation of the Watergate scandal. The recording was of conversation between President Nixon and Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman on June 20, 1972, three days after the Watergate burglary. Mrs. Woods said that the erasure had been an accident.[94]
  • Born: Peter Facinelli, American actor; in Queens, New York[95]
  • Died: Charles E. Whittaker, 72, former U.S. Supreme Court justice, 1957-1962.

November 27, 1973 (Tuesday)

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November 28, 1973 (Wednesday)

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November 29, 1973 (Thursday)

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  • In Japan, 104 people were killed in the Taiyo department store fire in Kumamoto, as Kyūshū prefecture. Ironically, the store's sprinkler system wasn't working because it was "under repair for fire prevention week."[102]
  • The world's highest flying bird was proven to be the Ruppell's griffon (Gyps rueppellii), a vulture indigenous to central Africa. One of the species happened to be flying at an altitude of more than seven miles when it was sucked into a jet engine flying over Cote d'Ivoire. The plane's altimeter was at 37,900 feet (11,600 m) when the encounter occurred, forcing an emergency landing.[103]
  • Born: Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer and coach, in Cardiff

November 30, 1973 (Friday)

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  • The United Nations General Assembly voted, 91 to 4 (with 26 abstentions) to approve the UN's Apartheid Convention, officially the "1973 United Nations International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid".
  • The government of Bangladesh issued a pardon for approximately 26,000 of the 37,000 people who had been in prison for collaboration with the enemy during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.[104] The amnesty did not apply to collaborators who had been charged with crimes of violence.
  • Zaire's President Mobutu Sese Seko announced in a speech to the central African nation's parliament that his government would seize and redistribute all foreign-owned businesses. Smith, Hampton; Merrill, Tim; Sandra W., Meditz (1994).[105]

References

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  1. ^ "Nixon Pledges New Prosecutor Is Free to Act", Los Angeles Times, November 2, 1973, p. I-1
  2. ^ "N. Korea Holds 10 Japan Seamen", Los Angeles Times, November 4, 1973, p. I-2
  3. ^ "India Names Change", Daily Telegraph (London), November 1, 1973, p. 7
  4. ^ "University renamed", Ottawa Journal, June 13, 1973, p. 1
  5. ^ "Waterloo Lutheran University announces that it will become a provincially assisted university on November 1, 1973, and will be known as Wilfrid Laurier University", advertisement, , Ottawa Journal, July 16, 1973, p. 4
  6. ^ "Guinea-Bissau Declared Independent by U.N.", by Don Shannon, Los Angeles Times, November 3, 1973, p. I-9
  7. ^ "68 Nations OK Pact to Curtail Marine Pollution", Los Angeles Times, November 3, 1973, p. I-9
  8. ^ Kiss, Alexandre; Shelton, Dinah (2 October 1997). Manual of European Environmental Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 344. ISBN 9780521598880 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Marine pollution monitoring (petroleum). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, World Meteorological Organization. 1974. p. 49 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ "Mariner 10 Blasts Off for Venus and Mercury— Probe Will Go Slower Than Earth, Drop Toward Sun for Flyby of Two Inner Planets", by Marvin Miles, Los Angeles Times, November 3, 1973, p. I-2
  11. ^ "DC-10 Forced Down Here— Explosion Rips Jet; Man Is Sucked Out", Albuquerque Tribune, November 4, 1973, p. A-1
  12. ^ Aviation Safety Network
  13. ^ "Aircraft Accident Report", National Transportation Safety Board report, January 15, 1975 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1975)
  14. ^ "'It seems like a bad dream'", Albuquerque Tribune, November 5, 1973, p. C-11
  15. ^ "Autopsy on Driver Sheds No Light on Cause of Bus Crash", Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1973, p. I-3
  16. ^ Adenekan, Shemi (2021-07-29). "Ben Fogle's famous mum you'll recognise from Dad's Army, Casualty and Holby City". MyLondon. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  17. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1973, p. I-2
  18. ^ "Dr. Haim Ginott, Child Psychologist, Writer, Is Dead", Buffalo (NY) Evening News, November 6, 1973, p. 34
  19. ^ "Kissinger Flies to Arab World Today", by Robert C. Toth, Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1973, p. I-1
  20. ^ Lenczowski, George (1990). American Presidents and the Middle East. Duke University Press. p. 131.
  21. ^ "New BART Line Will Open in S.F. Today", Los Angeles Times, November 5, 1973, p. I-2
  22. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, November 6, 1973, p. I-2
  23. ^ "Head of Oakland School System Slain— Trio Also Shoot Aide in Attack Near Headquarters", Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1973, p. I-1
  24. ^ "Letter Takes Credit in Official's Slaying— Group Claims It Attacked Oakland School Chief", by Philip Hager, Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1973, p. I-1
  25. ^ "Israelis Told of 1,854 Dead; Nation Shocked", Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1973, p. I-1
  26. ^ "Vesco Seized, Faces Nassau Extradition", by Robert E. Dallos, Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1973, p. I-1
  27. ^ "Supertanker sank after series of explosions". The Times. No. 58932. London. 7 November 1973. col A-B, p. 7.
  28. ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, November 6, 1973, p. I-2
  29. ^ "Congress Votes to Override War Power Bill Veto", by Thomas J. Foley, Los Angeles Times, November 8, 1973, p. I-1
  30. ^ "Gunshots Kill Nine, Wipe Out Two Families In Home Near Lodi— Slayings Are Tied To Burglary Of Grocery Owned By Victim", The Sacramento (CA) Bee, November 7, 1973, p. 1
  31. ^ "Both Suspects In Lodi Murders of 9 Are Captured By Sacramento Police", The Sacramento (CA) Bee, November 8, 1973, p. 1
  32. ^ "Pocket On This Day"
  33. ^ "Astrodome Loses Beer Odor to Mystic Incense— 20,000 Devotees of 15-Year-Old Guru Assemble in Houston for 3-Day Festival", by Gregg Kilday, Los Angeles Times, November 9, 1973, p. I-4
  34. ^ Steven Best, Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? (Lantern Books, 2004)
  35. ^ "Ear Mailed to paper in Getty Case", Los Angeles Times, November 11, 1973, p. I-2
  36. ^ "Mercury to Eclipse Tiny Part of Sun", Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1973, p. I-12
  37. ^ "TV Hee Haw Star and Wife Murdered at Country Home", AP report in Tulsa (OK) World, November 12, 1973, p. 1
  38. ^ Brown v. State, unpublished decision at 1991 WL 242928.
  39. ^ "Israel, Egypt Sign Cease-Fire Accord— Agree to 6-Point Formula Worked Out by Kissinger", by Harry Trimborn and Joe Alex Morris Jr., Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1973, p. I-1
  40. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine", Internet Movie Database
  41. ^ "7 Nations End Gold Pact; U.S. Can Sell on World Market", by Paul E. Steiger, Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1973, p. I-1
  42. ^ "Britain Proclaims State of Emergency— Power Shortage Feared Because of Labor Disputes", Los Angeles Times, by Tom Lambert, November 14, 1973, p. I-1
  43. ^ "Brooke Tells Nixon— Face-to-Face— He Should Resign", by Don Irwin, Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1973, p. I-1
  44. ^ "Elsa Schiaparelli, Designer, Dies at 77— Paris Couturiere Attained Fame for Styling, Perfume", Los Angeles Times, November 15, 1973, p. I-1
  45. ^ attribution: Dutch National Archive
  46. ^ "1973: Crowds cheer marriage of Princess Anne". BBC News. 14 November 1973. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
  47. ^ "1973: IRA gang convicted of London bombings". BBC News. 14 November 1973. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
  48. ^ "Egypt, Israel Start Full POW Trade, OK Truce Actions", by William Tuohy, Los Angeles Times, November 15, 1973, p. I-1
  49. ^ "Israel and Egypt Finish Prisoner Exchange", Los Angeles Times, November 23, 1973, p. I-1
  50. ^ "Apartment Fire That Killed 24 Traced to Sofa in Lobby— Flames Sweep Up Open Stairwells of Old L.A. Building, Trapping Most Victims on 2nd and 3rd Floors of Structure", by John Kendall, Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1973, p. I-1
  51. ^ "Speed Cut to 50, Deaths Decline", by Daryl Lembke, Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1974, p.I-29
  52. ^ "Skylab Astronauts 'Cool, Calm' in Launch Toward Long Mission", Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1973, p. I-1
  53. ^ Benson, Charles Dunlap; Compton, William David (November 1981). "The Last Mission". Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab. NASA. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  54. ^ "Nixon Signs Alaska Pipeline Legislation— Expresses Hope Arabs Will Ease Embargo on Oil", Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1973, p. I-1
  55. ^ "Federal Coordination And Compliance Section". The United States Department of Justice. 13 November 2000. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  56. ^ "Christian Horner || F1 Driver Profile". ESPN.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  57. ^ "BRENDAN LANEY". Edinburgh Rugby. Scottish Rugby Union. 2003. Archived from the original on 26 August 2004. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  58. ^ Dehnart, Andy (9 April 2019). "On The Profit: My Roots, Marcus Lemonis learns more than his birth name in Lebanon". Reality Blurred LLC. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  59. ^ "Jude Monye". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  60. ^ Campi, Paola (1993). "ESCOBAR, Amedeo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 43. Treccani. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  61. ^ "Lorenzo Fernández". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  62. ^ "Alfredo Ghierra". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  63. ^ "Alan Watts". Encyclopedia.com. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  64. ^ "'I'm Not a Crook,' Nixon Says". Philadelphia Inquirer. November 18, 1973. p. 1.
  65. ^ "Here's Partial Text of Nixon's Remarks". Miami Herald. November 18, 1973. p. 8-C.
  66. ^ "Troops, Tanks in Athens; Greece Under Martial Law". Philadelphia Inquirer. November 18, 1973. p. 1.
  67. ^ "The World". Los Angeles Times. November 23, 1973. p. I-1.
  68. ^ Aviation Safety Network
  69. ^ "Kennedy's Son in Hospital For Tests and Treatment". The New York Times. AP. February 3, 1974. Page 44, column 3. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  70. ^ "Aleksey Urmanov". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  71. ^ "Treaty between Uruguay and Argentina concerning the Rio de la Plata and the Corresponding Maritime Boundary, 19 November 1973", United Nations Treaty Series
  72. ^ "Whose Drummer Collapsed? The Who's!", by Peter Cowan, Oakland Tribune, November 22, 1973, p. 35
  73. ^ "Comic Allan Sherman Dies in Hollywood", AP report in Sacramento (CA) Bee, November 21, 1973, p.A2
  74. ^ "White House says one more tape has blank section", by George Lardner, Washington Post, in Boston Globe, November 22, 1973
  75. ^ "Chile shows up", Ottawa Journal, November 22, 1973, p. 29
  76. ^ "Chile-USSR", Rolf Porseryd
  77. ^ "Rights: Argentina Renews Hunt for 'Triple A' Death Squad". IPS. 2007-02-23.
  78. ^ "Argentine Bomb Injures Senator", Indianapolis Star, November 22, 1973, p.13
  79. ^ "Japan's Middle East Policy", by Yasumasa Kuroda, in Japanese Foreign Policy in Asia and the Pacific, ed. by Akitoshi Miyashita and Yoichiro Sato, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2001) p. 106
  80. ^ Yegor Gaidar, Collapse of an Empire (Brookings Institution Press, 2010) p. 57
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  82. ^ "21 die as ship sinks outside Israel harbour". The Times. No. 58947. London. 24 November 1973. col G, p. 7.
  83. ^ "Xavier Drops Football; Costs Cited", by Paul Ritter, Cincinnati Enquirer, December 20, 1973 p.1
  84. ^ "Armed Forces Oust President of Greece, Form New Cabinet", Los Angeles Times, November 26, 1973, p. I-1
  85. ^ "Dutch Jet With 264, Seized by Arabs, Leaves Libya After Stop", Los Angeles Times, November 26, 1973, p. I-1
  86. ^ "Hijackers Free 252 From Dutch Jetliner", Los Angeles Times, November 27, 1973, p. I-1
  87. ^ "3 Hijackers Release 11 Hostages, Surrender to Police in Dubai", Los Angeles Times, November 29, 1973, p. I-13
  88. ^ "West Germans Turn Driving Ban into Sunday Lark", Los Angeles Times, November 26, 1973, p. I-1
  89. ^ "WE'RE No. 1— Triumphant Riders return to city", Ottawa Journal, November 26, 1973, p. 1
  90. ^ "2 Nights With Latter-Day Rorem", by Donal Henahan, The New York Times, November 28, 1973
  91. ^ "DeSalvo stabbed to death at Walpole— Confessed 'strangler' found in bed", by Jerome Sullivan, Boston Evening Globe, November 26, 1973, p. 1
  92. ^ "Driver, Harry (1931-1973) and Powell, Vince (1928-2009)", screenonline.org, British Film Institute
  93. ^ "Laurence Harvey Dead at 45; British Actor", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 26, 1973, p. 19
  94. ^ "Miss Woods Tells of Erasing Tape— Accidentally Hit Wrong Button and Pedal, Nixon's Secretary Testifies", by Robert L. Jackson and Ronald J. Ostrow, Los Angeles Times, November 27, 1973, p. I-1
  95. ^ "UPI Almanac for Tuesday, Nov. 26, 2019".
  96. ^ "Aruna Shanbaug: Brain-damaged India nurse dies 42 years after rape", BBC.com News, May 18, 2015
  97. ^ "Senate OKs Ford 92 to 3; Approval Expected in House", by Thomas J. Foley, Los Angeles Times, November 28, 1973, p. I-1
  98. ^ "House Passes Bill for Year-Round Daylight Saving", Los Angeles Times, November 28, 1973, p. I-1
  99. ^ Raz-Russo, Michal (2018). "From Rebellion to Seduction, 1970—1989". In Martineau, Paul (ed.). Icons of Style: A Century of Fashion Photography. J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 227.
  100. ^ Black, Brian C. (2013). "Lead". Climate Change: An Encyclopedia of Science and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 980.
  101. ^ Farrokh, Kaveh (2011). Iran at War: 1500-1988. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 319.
  102. ^ "Toll at 99 and Rising in Japan Store Blaze— More Bodies Feared Lost in Debris of Worst Such Fire in Nation's History", Los Angeles Times, November 29, 1973, p. I-4
  103. ^ Maslowski, Karl H. (February 16, 1975). "Some Birds Really Soar— Even To 37,000 Feet". Naturalist Afield. Cincinnati Enquirer. p. 2-I.
  104. ^ "Collaborators Order: War criminals were not pardoned", The Daily Star (Dhaka, Bangladesh), October 28, 2007
  105. ^ "The Economy", by Hampton Smith, in Zaire: A Country Study, ed. by Sandra W. Meditz and Tim Merrill (Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1994) pp. 138–151