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MME (psychedelic)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MME
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-(5-Ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine
Other names
2,4-Dimethoxy-5-ethoxyamphetamine
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-5-17-13-7-10(6-9(2)14)11(15-3)8-12(13)16-4/h7-9H,5-6,14H2,1-4H3 checkY
    Key: NAMNXRTWJMASNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C13H21NO3/c1-5-17-13-7-10(6-9(2)14)11(15-3)8-12(13)16-4/h7-9H,5-6,14H2,1-4H3
    Key: NAMNXRTWJMASNT-UHFFFAOYAR
  • COc1cc(OC)c(cc1OCC)CC(C)N
Properties
C13H21NO3
Molar mass 239.315 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

MME (2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is a dimethoxy-ethoxy analog of TMA-2. MME was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin from ethylvanillin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 40 mg and above, and the duration listed as 6–10 hours.[1] Shulgin gives MME a ++ on the Shulgin Rating Scale.

Pharmacology

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Shulgin describes in his book an experiment with MME, in which he admistered varying amounts of the drug to mice via injections.[1] Shulgin reports that 7 of the 9 mice injected with MME died as a result.[1] After describing his experiment, Shulgin speculates that MME may have an LD50 value of around 60–80 mg/Kg in mice when injected.[1] Shulgin describes that one of the mice began convulsing after being administered MME: "[...] the mouse went into a twitching series of convulsions (known as clonic in the trade) and in five minutes he was dead." The convulsions Shulgin noted may have been a sympom of serotonin syndrome in the mouse due to MME's affinity towards serotonin transporter in Mus musculus.[2]

Chemistry

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MME has several isomers. MEM is one of them along with EMM. According to Alexander Shulgin EEM is not biologically active.[1] MEM is biologically active in humans and also possesses an affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor.[1][3]

Synthesis

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Shulgin describes the synthesis of MME in his book PiHKAL. Shulgin starts with 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Shulgin labels the 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde as ethylvanillin, although ethylvanillin is in fact 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Ethylvanillin can be methylate to 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzladehyde. The 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde is then subjected to a Bayer-Villiger oxidation with peracetic acid and acetic acid to yield 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenol. The 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenol is methylated to yield 2,4-dimethoxy-1-ethoxybenzene. The 2,4-dimethoxy-1-ethoxybenzene is subjected to Reimer-Tiemann formylated to 2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxybenzaldehyde. The 2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxybenzaldehyde by subjecting it to a Knoevenagel condensation with acetic acid, ammonium acetate and nitroethane, and reducing the resulting 1-(2,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropene to MME with lithium aluminium hydride under an inert atmosphere.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g MEM entry in PiHKAL
  2. ^ Haberzettl R, Bert B, Fink H, Fox MA (November 2013). "Animal models of the serotonin syndrome: a systematic review". Behavioural Brain Research. 256: 328–345. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.045. PMID 24004848.
  3. ^ Ray TS (February 2010). "Psychedelics and the human receptorome". PLOS ONE. 5 (2): e9019. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9019R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009019. PMC 2814854. PMID 20126400.