List of banana and plantain diseases
This article is a list of diseases of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.).
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Bacterial diseases
[edit]Bacterial diseases | |
---|---|
Bacterial wilt | Pseudomonas solanacearum (race 1) |
Blood disease | Ralstonia syzigii subsp. celebensis[1] |
Bugtok | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
Finger tip rot (gumming) | Burkholderia cenocepacia (syn. Pseudomonas cenocepacia)[2] Pseudomonas spp.[citation needed] |
Moko | Ralstonia solanacearum (race 2) |
Rhizome rot | Erwinia carotovora (syn. Pectobacterium carotovorum) Erwinia chrysanthemi (syn. Dickeya dadantii) |
Javanese vascular wilt | Pseudomonas spp. |
Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), Banana bacterial wilt, enset wilt | Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum |
Fungal diseases
[edit]Fungal diseases | |
---|---|
Anthracnose | |
Armillaria corn rot | |
Black cross | |
Black leaf streak (BLS) or Black Sigatoka |
|
Black root rot | Rosellinia bunodes |
Brown blotch | Pestalotiopsis leprogena |
Brown spot | Cercospora hayi |
Ceratocystis fruit rot | |
Cigar-end | |
Cladosporium speckle | Cladosporium musae |
Corm dry rot | Junghuhnia vincta |
Cordana leaf spot | |
Crown rot |
Fusarium pallidoroseum |
Cylindrocladium root rot | Cylindrocladium spp. |
Damping-off | Deightoniella torulosa |
Deightoniella fruit speckle, leaf spot and tip rot | Deightoniella torulosa |
Diamond spot | Cercospora hayi
Fusarium spp. |
Dwarf Cavendish tip rot | |
Eyespot | Drechslera gigantea |
Fruit freckle (freckle) | |
Fruit rot | Botryosphaeria ribis |
Fungal root-rot |
Fusarium solani |
Fungal scald | Colletotrichum musae |
Leaf rust | |
Leaf speckle | Acrodontium simplex |
Leaf spot | Curvularia eragrostidis |
Leaf spot | Drechslera musae-sapientum |
Leaf spot | Leptosphaeria musarum |
Leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis disseminata |
Main stalk rot | Ceratocystis paradoxa |
Malayan leaf spot | Haplobasidion musae |
Marasmiellus rot | |
Panama disease (Fusarium wilt) | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Races 1, 2 and 4 - inc.Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Subtropical Race 4 |
Peduncle rot |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
Pestalotiopsis leaf spot | Pestalotiopsis palmarum |
Phaeoseptoria leaf spot | Phaeoseptoria musae |
Pitting | Pyricularia grisea |
Pseudostem heart rot | |
Root & rhizome rot | Cylindrocarpon musae |
Sclerotinia fruit rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
Septoria leaf spot |
Mycosphaerella eumusae [sexual stage] |
Sheath rot |
Nectria foliicola |
Sooty mold | Limacinula tenuis |
Speckle | Mycosphaerella musae |
Squirter (black end disease) | Nigrospora sphaerica |
Stem-end rot | Colletotrichum musae |
Trachysphaera finger rot | Trachysphaera fructigena |
Tropical speckle | |
Verticillium tip rot | Verticillium theobromae |
Yellow Sigatoka | Mycosphaerella musicola |
Viral diseases
[edit]Viral diseases | |
---|---|
Disease | Viruses |
Bract mosaic | Banana bract mosaic virus |
Bunchy top | Banana bunchy top virus |
Mosaic | Cucumber mosaic virus |
Streak | Banana streak virus |
Banana mild mosaic | Banana mild mosaic virus |
Banana virus X | Banana virus X |
Nematodes, parasitic
[edit]Nematodes, parasitic | |
---|---|
Nematode root rot (burrowing nematode) | |
Root-knot |
Meloidogyne arenaria |
Root-lesion |
Pratylenchus coffeae |
Spiral nematode root damage |
Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
[edit]Miscellaneous diseases and disorders | |
---|---|
Alligator skin | Light abrasions on fruit peel caused by leaves or bracts |
Blue disease | Magnesium deficiency |
Choke | Low winter temperatures |
Dwarfism | Genetic mutation |
Elephantiasis | Unknown cause |
Fruit chimera | Genetic mutation |
Fused fingers | Genetic defect |
Giantism | Genetic mutation |
Heart leaf unfurling disorder | Unknown cause |
High mat | Unknown cause |
Leaf edge chlorosis | Unknown cause |
Maturity bronzing | Unknown cause |
Rayadilla | Zinc deficiency |
Rosetting | Nitrogen deficiency |
Roxana | Unknown cause |
Spike leaf | Low winter temperatures |
Split peel | Rapid filling of pulp of fruit |
Taiwan marginal scorch | Unknown cause |
"Segmented Banana" | Chilling injury to fruit
One of the less common plantain diseases is exostentialis clittellus referred to by most plantain and banana farmers as "segmented banana". This is a result of the peel forming tiny inter-fruit membranes which cause the banana to appear as though it has been sliced before it is peeled. This is generally a result of freezing the fruit, and occurs most commonly in fruit that is sold in large stores or supermarkets. |
Yellow mat | Unknown cause |
Yellow pulp | Delay in fruit filling, drought, excessive shading, magnesium deficiency, poor nutrition |
Yellows | Lack of water |
Neer Vazhai | Unknown etiology |
Kottai Vazhai or seediness in Parthenocarpic Poovan banana | Unknown etiology, probably due to BSV infection |
References
[edit]- ^ "Blood disease". Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
- ^ University of California Berkeley. "Bacterial finger-tip rot".
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society (APS)