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Kepler-277b

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Kepler-277b
Discovery
Discovery siteKepler Space Observatory
Discovery date2014
Transit
Orbital characteristics
~0.136 AU
Eccentricitynull[1]
17.324[1] d
Inclinationnull[1]
StarKepler-277
Physical characteristics
2.92 +0.73
−0.63
[1] R🜨
Mass87.3 +41.7
−39.9
[1][2] ME
Mean density
19.33+39.9
−13.96
g cm−3
10.24+14.36
−6.68
g
Temperature924 K (651 °C; 1,204 °F)[3]

Kepler-277b (also known by its Kepler Objects of Interest designation KOI-1215.01) is the second most massive and third-largest rocky planet ever discovered, with a mass close to that of Saturn. Discovered in 2014 by the Kepler Space Telescope, Kepler-277b is a sub-Neptune sized exoplanet with a very high mass and density for an object of its radius, suggesting a composition made mainly of rock and iron. Along with its sister planet, Kepler-277c, the planet's mass was determined using transit-timing variations (TTVs).

Characteristics

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Size and temperature

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Kepler-277b was detected using the transit method and TTVs, allowing for both its mass and radius to be determined to some level. It is approximately 2.92 R🜨, between the size of Earth and Neptune. At that radius, most planets should be gaseous Mini-Neptunes with no solid surface. However, the mass of Kepler-277b is extremely high for its size. Transit-timing variations indicate a planetary mass of about 87.3 ME,[1] comparable to Saturn's mass at 95.16 ME. The planet has a density of approximately 19.3 g/cm3 and about 10.4 times the surface gravity of Earth. Such a high density for an object of this size implies that, like its sister planet, Kepler-277b is an enormous rock-based planet.[2] It is currently the second most massive and third largest terrestrial planet ever discovered, behind Kepler-277c in radius[4] and PSR J1719−1438 b in both radius and mass.[5] Due to its proximity to its host star, Kepler-277b is quite hot with an equilibrium temperature of about 924 K (651 °C; 1,204 °F),[3] hot enough to melt certain metals.

Internal structure and composition

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Models of Kepler-277b's internal structure suggest that it has a very large iron core with an estimated radius of 2.435 R🜨. The core predominantly consists of an allotrope of iron with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure. At the innermost region of Kepler-277b's core where pressures reach as high as 37.52 terapascals, iron exists in a body-centered-tetragonal (BCT) and body-centered cubic (BCC) crystalline structure.[6]

Kepler-277b has a relatively thin silicate mantle in comparison to its core. The mantle of Kepler-277b is thought be predominantly composed of ultrahigh-pressure phases of magnesium silicates (MgSiO3). The uppermost mantle of Kepler-277b is thought to consist of olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite while the lower part of Kepler-277b's upper mantle consists of silicate perovskite and post-perovskite.[6]

Orbit

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Kepler-277b orbits close to its host star, with one orbit lasting 17.324 days.[1] Its semi-major axis, or average distance from the parent object, is about 0.136 AU. For comparison, the planet Mercury in the Solar System takes 88 days to orbit at a distance of 0.38 AU. At this distance, Kepler-277b is very hot and most likely tidally locked to its host star. It is close to a 2:1 resonance with Kepler-277c, which orbits at an average distance of about 0.209 AU.

Host star

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The parent star Kepler-277 is a large yellow star. It is 1.69 R and 1.12 M, with a temperature of 5946 K, a metallicity of -0.315 [Fe/H], and an unknown age.[1] For comparison, the Sun has a temperature of 5778 K, a metallicity of 0.00 [Fe/H], and an age of about 4.5 billion years. The large radius in comparison to its mass and temperature suggest that Kepler-277 could be a Subgiant star.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Kepler-277 b CONFIRMED PLANET OVERVIEW PAGE". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  2. ^ a b Xie, Ji-Wei (7 January 2014). "Transit Timing Variation of Near-Resonance Planetary Pairs. Ii. Confirmation of 30 Planets in 15 Multiple-Planet Systems". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 210 (2): 25. arXiv:1309.2329. Bibcode:2014ApJS..210...25X. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/210/2/25. S2CID 119105092.
  3. ^ a b "PHL's calculators". Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  4. ^ "Kepler-277".
  5. ^ "A planet made of diamond".
  6. ^ a b Futó, P.; et al. (March 2020). Kepler-277 b: A Supermassive Terrestrial Exoplanet in the Kepler-277 Planetary System (PDF). 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Bibcode:2020LPI....51.1055F.