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House of Basarab

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"Basarab" redirects here. For other uses, see Basarab (disambiguation).
House of Basarab
House of Basarab coat of arms
CountryWallachia
Founded1310
FounderBasarab I of Wallachia
Final ruler
TitlesPrince
(Voivode; Hospodar)
Estate(s)of Wallachia
Cadet branchesHouse of Dănești
House of Drăculești

The House of Basarab (sometimes spelled as Bazarab, Romanian: Basarab pronounced [basaˈrab] ⓘ) was a ruling family that established the Principality of Wallachia, giving the country its first line of Princes, one closely related with the Mușatin rulers of Moldavia. Its status as a dynasty is rendered problematic by the official elective system, which implied that male members of the same family, including illegitimate offspring, were chosen to rule by a council of boyars (more often than not, the election was conditioned by the military force exercised by candidates). After the rule of Alexandru I Aldea (ended in 1436), the house was split by the conflict between the Dănești and the Drăculești, both of which claimed legitimacy. Several late rulers of the Craiovești claimed direct descent from the House after its eventual demise, including Neagoe Basarab, Matei Basarab, Constantin Șerban, Șerban Cantacuzino, and Constantin Brâncoveanu.

Rulers usually mentioned as members of the House include (in chronological order of first rule) Mircea the Elder, Dan II, Vlad II Dracul, Vlad III the Impaler, Vlad the Monk, Radu IV the Great, and Radu of Afumați.

Name and origins

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The dynasty was named after Basarab I, who gained the independence of Wallachia from the Kingdom of Hungary around 1325.

The origin of the family is highly disputed, with theories suggesting either a Vlach,[1][2][3][4][5][6] or Romanianized Cuman[7][8][9] background. However, there is no scholarly consensus on their actual origin. The Cuman hypothesis is largely based on the origin of Basarab's name, but remains unproven.[10] At least four royal charters from the 14th century refer to Basarab as a Vlach[11] and in his lifetime Basarab would have certainly considered himself as a member of the Romanian elite of Wallachia.[10]

The name Basarab is of Cuman or Pecheneg Turkic origin and most likely meant "father ruler"; Bas was the present participle of the verb "to rule", while the second part is believed to derive from the honorary title -aba ("father"), recognizable in many Cuman names, such as Terteroba, Arslanapa, and Ursoba.[12] Basarab's baptismal name was most likely "Ioan" or "Ivanco", as noted in the preface to the Dušan Code and other Serbian and Bulgarian documents.[13][1] Basarab's "possible" father Thocomerius likely bore a Latin rendering of the Slavic name "Tihomir", a common name amongst Vlachs and South Slavs in the Middle Ages.[14] Alternatively, the name is identified as Toq-tämir, a Cuman and Tatar name attested in the 13th century.[15] Some historians consider the name's origin a weak argument to support the Dynasty's Cuman origin, while they believe contemporary documents that universally regard Basarab as "Vlach" to be of greater relevance.[1][2][3][4][5]

Genealogy

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The following genealogical tree is a simplified version, meant to show the ruling princes, their documented brothers and sisters, and the spouses/extramarital liaisons of those who had ruling heirs, following the conventions:

  • Ruling princes have their name emphasized and their ruling years in Wallachia.
  • Several members of House of Basarab ruled in Moldavia; those reigning years are marked with M.
  • Small numbers at the end of each name are meant to indicate the mother of each offspring.
  • There are two branches of the dynasty: Drăculeşti (DR) and Dăneşti (DA)
  • If the prince died while ruling, the last year is preceded by a cross.
  • Spouses and extramarital liaisons are separated by a horizontal line.
House of Basarab
Basarab I
1310-†1352		Margareta
Theodora of WallachiaIvan Alexander of BulgariaNicolae Alexandru
1352-†1364		Maria Lackfy1
Clara Dobokai2
Maria Dabkai3
Royal dynasty of BulgariaVladislav I1
1364-†1377		Radu I1
1377-†1383		Ana1
Kalinikia2		Vladislaus II of Opole With Catarine Elis1Elisabeth of WallachiaVojislav1Anna of Wallachia 2Ivan Sratsimir of BulgariaAnca2Stephen Uroš V of Serbia
Dan IDA1
1383-†1386		Maria of SerbiaStaico2Mircea I2
1386-1394
1397-†1418		Maria Tolmay 1
Anca2		Royal dynasty of SilesiaRoyal dynasty of BulgariaRoyal dynasty of Serbia
Dan II DA
1422-1427
1427-†1431		?IoanVlad I?1394-†1397Mihail I1
1418-†1420		?Radu II1
1420-1422
†1427		Alexandru I1
1431-†1436		Vlad II DraculDR,1
1436-1442
1444-†1447		?1
Vassilissa of Moldavia2
Călţuna3
?4
Basarab IIDA
1442-1444		MariaDan III of Wallachia

Stanciul		Vladislav IIDA
1447-1448
1448-†1456		NeacşaBasarab IIIDA
1473
1474
1475-1476
1476-1477		Radu

Mihail		Mircea IIDR,1
1442		Vlad IV CalugarulDRRadu III the FairDRAlexandra2Vlad III the ImpalerDRMircea (Illegitimate)DR,4
1480
Basarab the YoungVladislavRadu IV the GreatVlad cel TânărMihnea cel Rău
Neagoe Basarab
CRAIOVEŞTI		Vladislav III of WallachiaRadu of AfumațiRadu BădicaRadu PaisieMircea the ShepherdVlad Vintilă de la SlatinaVlad VI ÎnecatulMircea III Dracul
Teodosie of WallachiaStephen IV of MoldaviaRadu of AfumațiMoise of WallachiaRadu Ilie HaidăulPătrașcu the GoodPeter the YoungerAlexander II MirceaPeter the Younger

A printed family tree

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Legacy

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The Basarab name is the origin of several place names, including the region of Bessarabia (today part of Moldova and Ukraine) and a few towns, such as Basarabi in Romania, Basarabeasca in the Republic of Moldova, and Basarbovo in Bulgaria.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom herself was descended from Princess Stanca of Basarab (1518?-1601) as an eighth-generation descendant of Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde of Erdőszentgyörgy, a Hungarian countess from the Teck-Cambridge family. Elizabeth was thus also a great-grandniece of Vlad IV the Monk.[16][17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c *Cazacu, Matei; Mureșan, Dan Ioan (2013). Ioan Basarab, un domn român la începuturile Țării Românești [Ioan Basarab, a Romanian Prince at the Beginning of Wallachia] (in Romanian). Cartier. ISBN 978-9975-79-807-5.
  2. ^ a b Istoria românilor din cele mai vechi timpuri până astăzi (1971), p. 190 & 209, Giurescu & Giurescu
  3. ^ a b "Bazarab, filium Thocomerii, scismaticum, in nostrum et sacre corone non modicum derogamen detinebantur, adissemus, idem Bazarab, infidelis Olacus noster"
    Pascu S, Cihodaru C, Gündisch K, Mioc D, Pervain V. Documenta Romaniae Historica: DRH, 1977, D. Relații între Țările Române, seria D. [Documenta Romaniae Historica: DRH, 1977, D Relations between Romanian states, series D] (in Romanian).Institutul de Istorie „George Barițiu” al Academiei Române Filiala Cluj-Napoca, Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga” București. 1977. p. 50
  4. ^ a b "per Bazarab Olacum et filiis eius"
    Pascu S, Cihodaru C, Gündisch K, Mioc D, Pervain V. Documenta Romaniae Historica: DRH, 1977, D. Relații între Țările Române, seria D. [Documenta Romaniae Historica: DRH, 1977, D Relations between Romanian states, series D] (in Romanian).Institutul de Istorie „George Barițiu” al Academiei Române Filiala Cluj-Napoca, Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga” București. 1977. p. 57
  5. ^ a b "contra Bazarad Olacum"
    Imre Nagy et al., Codex diplomaticus patrius [Hazai okmánytár], vol. II, Gyor, 1865, nr. 91, p. 131.
  6. ^ Mosneanu, Cristian. “Ivanco Bessarab-Bessarab the Great (1315/1320?-1352)/Ivanco Basarab / Basarab Cel Mare (1315/1320?- 1352.” ORDER OF THE BASSARABIAN CHIVALRY (2020)
  7. ^ Sedlar 2011, p. 24.
  8. ^ Vásáry, István (2009). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365 (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511496622. ISBN 978-0521120289. The Cumans were the co-founders of three successive Bulgarian dynasties (Asenids, Romanian: Basarab Terterids and Shishmanids) and the Wallachian dynasty (Basarabids). They also played an active role in Byzantium, Hungary and Serbia, with Cuman immigrants being integrated into each country's elite.
  9. ^ Rădvan 2010, p. 129.
  10. ^ a b Spinei 2009, p. 353.
  11. ^ Cazacu & Mureșan 2013, pp. 27–29.
  12. ^ Vásáry 2005, p. 151.
  13. ^ Mosneanu, Cristian. “Ivanco Bessarab-Bessarab the Great (1315/1320?-1352)/Ivanco Basarab / Basarab Cel Mare (1315/1320?- 1352.” ORDER OF THE BASSARABIAN CHIVALRY (2020): pag. 111-113
  14. ^ Mosneanu, Cristian. “Ivanco Bessarab-Bessarab the Great (1315/1320?-1352)/Ivanco Basarab / Basarab Cel Mare (1315/1320?- 1352.” ORDER OF THE BASSARABIAN CHIVALRY (2020): pag. 114-115
  15. ^ Vásáry 2005, p. 153.
  16. ^ Korva Coleman (November 8, 2012). "Why Prince Charles Has A Stake In Transylvania". NPR. Retrieved August 11, 2021. Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, dropped this nugget last year on an interviewer: "Transylvania is in my blood. The genealogy shows that I'm descended from Vlad the Impaler, you see. So I do have a bit of a stake in the country."
  17. ^ CBS News (October 28, 2011). "Vlad the Impaler: How is Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth related to him?". CBS. Retrieved August 11, 2021.

Sources

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  • Grumeza, Ion (2010). The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-5134-9.
  • Rădvan, Laurențiu (2010). At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18010-9.
  • Sedlar, Jean W (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80064-6.
  • Spinei, Victor (2009). The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17536-5.
  • Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1.
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bassarab".
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