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Giustiniani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The House of Giustiniani was a prominent Italian family which originally belonged to Venice, but also established itself in Genoa, and at various times had representatives in Naples, Canary Islands, Corsica and in the islands of the Archipelago,[1] where they had been the last Genoese rulers of the Aegean island of Chios, which had been a family possession for two centuries until 1566. The family claimed descent from Byzantine emperor Justinian I.[2]

Palazzo Giustinian in Venice

In Venice

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Coat of arms of the Giustiniani of Venice

In the Venetian line the following are most worthy of mention:

  • Lorenzo Giustiniani (1381–1455), the Laurentius Justinianus, Saint, who was formerly in the General Roman Calendar.[1]
  • Leonardo Giustiniani (1388–1446), brother of the preceding, was for some years a senator of Venice, and in 1443 was chosen procurator of St. Mark. He translated into Italian Plutarch's Lives of Cinna and Lucullus, and was the author of some poetical pieces, amatory and religious strambotti and canzonettas as well as of rhetorical prose compositions. Some of the popular songs set to music by him became known as giustiniani.[3]
  • Bernardo Giustiniani (1408–1489), son of Leonardo, was a pupil of Guarino and George of Trebizond, and entered the Venetian senate at an early age. He served on several important diplomatic missions both to France and Rome, and about 1485 became one of the Council of Ten. His orations and letters were published in 1492; but his title to any measure of fame he possesses rests upon his history of Venice, De origine urbis Venetiarum rebusque ab ipsa gestis historia (1492), which was translated into Italian by Domenichi in 1545, and which at the time of its appearance was undoubtedly the best work on that subject. It is to be found in vol. 1 of the Thesaurus of Graevius.[3]
  • Orsatto Giustiniani (1538–1603), Venetian senator, translator of the Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles and author of a collection of Rime in imitation of Petrarch.[3]
  • Pietro Giustiniani, also a senator, lived in the 16th century, and wrote on Historia rerum Venetarum in continuation of that of Bernardo. He was also the author of chronicles De gestis Petri Mocenigi and De bello Venetorum cum Carolo VIII. The latter has been reprinted in the Scriptores rerum Italicarum, vol. xxi.[3]
  • Marcantonio Giustinian (1619-1688), 107th Doge of Venice, from January 26, 1684 until his death. Son of Pietro Giustinian.

The Venetian branches of the Giustiniani family are extinct. The family name and arms have been assumed by Baron Girolamo de Massa (1946) and his sons, Sebastiano, Andrea, Nicolò, Pio, Giorgio and Lorenzo, and their descendants, by testamentary disposition of the mother, Elisabetta Giustiniani (Giulio Giustiniani of St. Barnabas's daughter, sister of Maria Giustiniani married Vettor Giusti del Giardino and of Sebastiano Giustiniani, both without descendants).[3]

In Genoa

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Coat of arms of the Giustiniani of Genoa

Of the Genoese branch of the family the most prominent members were the following:

  • Giovanni Giustiniani (died 1453), a Genoese condottiero, who personally financed and led 700 men to the defense of Constantinople against the final Ottoman siege of 1453. Gravely wounded in the hand and chest during the fall of the city, he died a few days later on the island of Chios.
  • Paolo Giustiniani, from Moneglia (1444–1502), a member of the order of Dominicans, was, from a comparatively early age, prior of their convent at Genoa. As a preacher he was very successful, and his talents were fully recognized by successive popes, by whom he was made master of the sacred palace, inquisitor-general for all the Genoese dominions, and ultimately bishop of Skios and legate in Hungary. He was the author of a number of Biblical commentaries (no longer extant), which are said to have been characterized by great erudition.[3]
  • Agostino Giustiniani (1470–1536), Catholic bishop.[3]
  • Paolo Giustiniani (1476-1528) was trained as a lawyer then chose to become a monk in the Camaldolese order. He felt called to a more primitive and eremitical way of life, as it was followed in the early period of that order. He formed communities which followed the original way of life as established by its founder, St. Romuald. The monks who followed him were organized into the Company of Hermits of St. Romuald, which was eventually accepted as an authentic expression of the order by the monks based at the original motherhouse. Finally, in 1523, the full order voted to recognize the followers of Guistiniani as a separate congregation within the tradition of the order. They took the title of Monte Corona, which was established as their own motherhouse.
  • Orazio Giustiniani (1599-1649), a member of the Giustintiani line that settled on the Island of Chios under the Republic of Genoa. Was elevated to Cardinal by Pope Innocent X.

Others

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The following are also noteworthy:

Notable properties

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 54.
  2. ^ Jan Morris (2008). Venice. Faber & Faber. p. 21. ISBN 9780571247882.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chisholm 1911, p. 55.

References

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