Jump to content

Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan is a procurement and development plan of the Indian Army. The programme was drafted in 1999 in the aftermath of the Kargil war, emboldened by the success of the 155 mm Bofors guns in its inventory. The programme was slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly of 155mm calibre.[1] The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license, as well as inhouse development of artillery weapon systems.[2]

Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure approximately 3000–3600 weapons, at a cost of over with an outlay of over Rs 20,000 crore (approximately US$3 billion). This includes the initial purchase of 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked, and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/52 calibre artillery guns.[3] The FARP was further amplified by the Artillery Profile 2027 (acquisition plan), which was drafted in year 2008.[3] In 2023, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India reported that only 8% of the howitzers planned for purchase by the Ministry of Defence had been received, and there is no visibility on the outcome of the remaining 77% of the proposed procurement.

Towed guns

[edit]
Main articles: Dhanush (howitzer) and DRDO Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System
Multiple Dhanush Guns firing

Dhanush

[edit]

The Indian Army has ordered 114 Dhanush howitzers of which 18 units has been delivered.[4] The First regiment (93 Field Regiment) is operational near the Line of Actual Control (LAC).[5] All Dhanush units are expected to be delivered by 2026.[6]

A recent manufacturing disruption occurred due to the untimely procurement of a spare part needed for a sub-assembly. The production of the Dhanush has restarted following a pause due to a shortage of spare parts. In FY2023–2024, Advance Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWEIL) intends to supply the Indian Army with 26 brand-new howitzers. With this, the Indian Army will have 50 Dhanush weapons overall. The Army received the first set of 6 guns in April 2019. Accidents such as barrel bursts and muzzle brake strikes marred the early years of manufacturing. At that point, the then Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) was in charge of the Gun Carriage Factory in Jabalpur. New terms and conditions were signed with the new entity AWEIL following the corporatization. According to the revised terms, the delivery is proceeding as planned.[7]

ATAGS

[edit]

In March 2023, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has given the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of 307 DRDO ATAGS for which tender has been issued.[8][9] On 2 May 2024, the gun has completed and passed all the user trials for induction into Indian Army.

Towed Gun System (TGS) tender

[edit]

The Army also has plans to procure 1,200 155 mm 52-calibre Towed Gun Systems (TGS) in phased manner which will become the mainstay of the Indian Army in the future.[10] The initial order clearance (Acceptance of Necessity) for 400 units was granted on 30 November 2023 by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC).[11][12][13] On 16 August 2024, the Indian Army had issued a tender for the procurement of first batch of 400 units under Indian IDDM category. The tender has a worth of ₹6,500 crore (US$780 million) and includes the purchase of towing vehicles. Indian firms like Kalyani Strategic Systems Ltd, Larsen & Toubro, Adani Defence & Aerospace and AWEIL.[9][14][15]

The gun system are mandated to have the following specifications:[8]

  • All up weight of less than 15 tons.
  • Capable to fire all existing 155 mm rounds in the army's inventory
  • Has a range of more than 40 km
  • Has a minimum service life of more than 20 years.
  • And a minimum barrel life of 1,500 equivalent full charges

Potential Competitors

  1. KSSL Bharat 52
  2. KSSL MArG ER
  3. OFB Dhanush - Manufactured by AWEIL
  4. DRDO ATAGS[16]

Mounted guns

[edit]

105 mm L/37 mounted guns

[edit]

The Indian Army has issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) through the Army will procure 200 units of 105 mm L/37 mounted howitzers.[12][13]

In March 2024, the Garuda 106 V2 of KSSL was airdropped by a C-17 Globemaster of the Indian Air Force, hinting that the platform is under trials.[17]

Prototype based on Indian Field Gun mounted on VFJ-GFC 6X6 Truck

Potential Competitors

  1. IFG Mk2 SPH (6×6 truck)
  2. KSSL Garuda 105 (4×4 truck)
  3. KSSL Garuda 105 V2 (4×4 AFV)

155 mm L/52 Mounted Gun Systems (MGS)

[edit]

The Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) has given Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) to procure 814 units of 155 mm L/52 calibre Mounted Guns. The guns should have a maximum range of more than 38 km, have a maximum weight of 30 tonnes and should be able to fire all existing 155 mm rounds in the Indian Army's inventory.[18]

Potential Competitors

Dhanush based MGS prototype on 8×8 BEML truck
  1. DRDO ATAGS (MGS variant)
  2. OFB Dhanush (MGS variant)
  3. TASL 155 mm Mounted Gun System
  4. CAESAR (mounted on Ashok Leyland Super Stallion 6×6 chassis; local production by L&T)
  5. ATMOS 2000
  6. Archer Artillery System

Self-propelled wheeled guns

[edit]

As part of the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the Indian Army is inducting new wheeled self-propelled guns, which are planned for acquisition between 2025 and 2027.[19][20] The wheeled self-propelled guns is included in the Indian Army's procument of 2800 to 3000 155mm.52 calibre mounted guns and howitzers.[21]

Self-propelled tracked guns

[edit]
Main article: K9 Thunder § India
Indian K9 SPH in Ladakh

In September 2015, the Indian Ministry of Defense (MoD) selected Hanwha Techwin and Larsen & Toubro as preferred bidder to supply 100 K9 Vajra-T to the Indian Army after K9 outperformed 2S19 Msta-S and passed two-year trial.[22] On 6 July 2016, India agreed in purchasing 100 K9 Vajra-T for $750 million.[23] On 29 March 2017, The Government of India approved budget of $646 million for purchasing 100 K9 Vajra-T.[24] A formal contract of $310 million was signed between Hanwha Techwin and Larsen & Toubro in New Delhi on 21 April. Hanwha Techwin will supply first 10 K9 Vajra-T, and 90 will be license produced in India by Larsen & Toubro.[25]

K9 Vajra-T consist 14 major Indian manufactured systems, 50% of component by value, which include Nub ammunition capable FCS and its storage, communication system, and environment control and NBC protection system. Additional systems were installed such as GPS (Gunner's Primary Sight) for direct firing capability, and South African APU, which was proven for desert operation—Korean APU was under development phase during Indian trial. The vehicle's overall design was modified to suitable for operation in desert and high temperature condition, including the change of firing rate to 3 rounds in 30 seconds.[26][27][28][29][30]

The Indian Army completed high altitude trials at Ladakh under cold climatic conditions.[31] After satisfactory performance at high altitude terrain, the MoD is getting ready to place repeat order of 200 K9 Vajra-T worth ₹9,600 crore.[32] The new batch will equip enhanced engine suited for high altitude operation, and is expected to complete delivery by 2028.[33] The proposal for first 100 units was cleared on 27 September 2022.[34] In February 2023, Hanwha received an order for 100 vehicles.[35] Additional order for 100 units are planned. In May 2024, a report suggested, another 100 units of the gun would be cleared after the formation of a new government after the 2024 Indian general election.[36][37]

Ultra-light Howitzers

[edit]
Main article: M777 howitzer

After three years of searching and negotiations, India ordered M777 155 mm L/39 ultra-light howitzer from USA in September 2013.[38]

The Indian Army first announced plans to acquire 145 guns for ₹30 billion (US$359 million),[39] but purchase plans were overtaken when the procurement process was restarted in July 2010. India's Ministry of Defence cleared the proposal for buying 145 guns for US$660 million on 11 May 2012 through the US Government's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) process.[40] This was put up before the Ministry of Finance for clearance and will subsequently be taken up by the Cabinet Committee on Security for final approval.[41][42] On 2 August 2013, India requested the sale of 145 M777 howitzers for US$885 million.[43] On 24 February 2014 the purchase was again postponed.[44] On 11 May 2014 the purchase was cleared by India's Ministry of Defence.[45] On 11 July 2014, the Government of India announced that it would not order the guns because of cost issues.[46] On 22 November 2014, the selection process was restarted under the "Make In India" program.[47] On 13 May 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved ₹29 billion (₹2,900 crore) to buy 145 M777 ultralight howitzers from the US.[48] On 15 December 2015, the Indian Ministry of Defence said it was keen on placing a follow-up order of 500 more M777 guns.[49]

On 26 June 2016, it was announced that 145 guns will be purchased by India for US$750 million.[50] The Indian government completed the deal on 30 November 2016.[51] Under the agreement, BAE Systems was to supply 25 ready-built howitzers, while 120 guns were to be manufactured in India by Mahindra Defence Systems Limited.[52] A total of 7 artillery regiments are planned, each of 18 guns. The first regiment was planned to be raised by end-2020 with 15 guns supplied by BAE systems and three guns supplied by Mahindra Defense Systems Limited.[53]

The Indian Army received its first shipment comprising two howitzers on 18 May 2017 in New Delhi from United States in ready to use condition.[54][55] It was reported that on 2 September 2017, the barrel of one of the howitzers was damaged while firing during calibration trials.[56][57] The procurement of 145 guns was completed by 2023.[58]

The Indian army used the M777 howitzer in the Himvijay exercise (2021) in Arunachal Pradesh which involved the newly raised integrated battle groups.[59]

In July 2020, in the wake of escalating tension with China in light of hostile Chinese posturing, particularly on the border between the Union Territory of Ladakh and Tibet, further purchases of Excalibur shells were announced by the Indian Ministry of Defence.[60] Discussions began in 2023 between India and the United States to develop an extended range of the M777 howitzer called as the M777 (ER), with India planning to upgrade all its M777 guns to this standard.[58]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Amrita Nayak Dutta (28 November 2021). "How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace". The Print. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  2. ^ Snehesh Alex Philip (4 June 2021). "India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way". The Print. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) (28 September 2021). "Indian Artillery Modernisation". SPSLandForces.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  4. ^ Unnithan, Sandeep (12 August 2021). "Why L&T is offering the Indian army a homegrown artillery gun". India Today. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Indian Army Deploys Upgraded Dhanush Howitzers in Ladakh". ssbcrackexams.com. 17 July 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  6. ^ Peri, Dinakar (17 September 2023). "Army likely to complete inducting 114 Dhanush guns by 2026". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  7. ^ Arya, Shishir (6 December 2023). "Dhanush production starts after spare part prob solved". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  8. ^ a b Arthur, Gordon (13 February 2024). "India takes next step toward new 155mm towed howitzers". Defense News. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Army issues Rs 6,500 crore tender for buying 400 howitzers under Make-in-India". The Economic Times. 16 August 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Indian Army Intends To Purchase 1200 Advanced Towed Gun Systems (TGS)". theigmp.org. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  11. ^ "Defence Acquisition Council approves capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 2.23 lakh crore to enhance the operational capabilities of the Armed Forces". pib.gov.in. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  12. ^ a b "India boosts its artillery power with 600 105mm / 155mm guns". 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  13. ^ a b "Indian Army to boost firepower with 200 new mounted howitzers, 400 towed gun systems". The Economic Times. 27 November 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  14. ^ "Army issues Rs 6,500 crore tender to buy 400 Indian-made howitzer guns". India Today. 17 August 2024. Archived from the original on 21 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  15. ^ "More firepower! Indian Army to acquire next-generation advanced 155mm/52 caliber artillery guns for around Rs 7,000 crore". The Times of India. 21 August 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  16. ^ "Indian Army starts process to buy more powerful and lighter artillery guns for Rs 7,000 crore". The Economic Times. 22 August 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  17. ^ @NewsIADN (19 March 2024). "Garuda 4x4 105mm Mounted Gun System of Bharat Forge airdropped by IAF 🇮🇳 C17 Globemaster in #BharatShakti. The Indian Army is interested in purchasing a mobile 105mm howitzer for air mobile forces & high altitude regions. #IADN" (Tweet). Retrieved 13 June 2024 – via Twitter.
  18. ^ "India clears acquisition of mounted gun system". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  19. ^ Singh, Rahul (27 September 2022). "Indian Army eyes major firepower upgrade to counter China". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  20. ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (27 September 2021). "Need a robust and reliable gun, says Army as artillery modernisation plan faces hiccups". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  21. ^ "New artillery thrust". Frontline. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  22. ^ "India's Newest Gun: Fast and Deadly". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  23. ^ "한국산 K-9 자주포 100문 인도 수출.. 가격협상 마쳐". Konas Net. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  24. ^ "국산 K-9 자주포 인도 수출...양국 국방협력 강화". Yonhap. 2 April 2017. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  25. ^ "K-9 자주포 100문 인도 수출 확정...3500억 규모". Newsis. 21 April 2017. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  26. ^ "K9 자주포 & 해외수출 Q&A". Defense Today. 7 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  27. ^ "K9 자주포 인도수출 Q&A". 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  28. ^ Global, IndraStra. "Indian Army Inducts Two New Artillery Systems". IndraStra. ISSN 2381-3652. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  29. ^ "K9 '바지라' 인도 수출". Republic of Korea Defense Media Agency. 23 April 2017. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Indian army gets more firepower! Rajnath Singh flags off 51st K9 Vajra-T Gun". The Financial Express. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  31. ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (9 August 2021). "Trials in Ladakh a success, Army looks at ordering 40 more K9 Vajra-T howitzers for mountains". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  32. ^ Unnithan, Sandeep (23 January 2022). "What's behind a massive order for Made-in-India howitzers". India Today. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  33. ^ "인도, 한화디펜스의 K9 바지라 자주포 200문 추가 주문". 글로벌이코노믹 (in Korean). 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  34. ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (27 September 2022). "China threat in mind, Army to order another 100 K9 Vajra howitzers from L&T, more to follow". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  35. ^ "Indian Army orders 100 additional K9 howitzers". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  36. ^ Dubey, Ajit (29 May 2024). "Major Make in India defence deals including K-9 Vajra, fighter jet engines on Centre's agenda". ANI News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  37. ^ Triffaux. "Indian Army to Receive Additional 100 South Korean K9 Vajra Self-Propelled Howitzers". armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  38. ^ Dunnigan, James. "India Joins The M-777 Club". Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  39. ^ Rajghatta, Chidanand (28 January 2010). "US okays howitzers worth $647 million for India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2010.
  40. ^ HP. "India Orders 145 M777 Ultra Light Howitzers From BAE Systems". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  41. ^ "India clears $660 million deal for artillery guns". The Economic Times. 11 May 2012.
  42. ^ "Defence Ministry clears M777 howitzers procurement projects". DNA. 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  43. ^ FMS: India Requests Sale of 145 M777 155mm Light-Weight Towed Howitzers Archived 14 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine - Deagel.com, 7 August 2013
  44. ^ Raghuvanshi, Vivek (24 February 2014). "India Postpones Purchase of 145 Ultra Light Howitzers". defensenews.com. Gannett Government Media. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  45. ^ "India buys new artillery guns, 27 years after Bofors". 11 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  46. ^ "Indian MoD says M777 buy in doubt over high cost, offset requirements". 13 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  47. ^ Pandit, Rajat (23 November 2014). "Three decades on, defence minister clears Rs 15,750 crore howitzer projects". The Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  48. ^ Govindan, Adarsh (14 May 2015). "New Aircraft Carrier, Brahmos Missiles, C-295 Planes & M-777 Howitzers all cleared for Purchase". defencenews.in. TNN. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  49. ^ Basu, Nayanima (14 December 2015). "Ministry keen to purchase 500 more Howitzer guns from BAE Systems". The Hindu Businessline. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  50. ^ "India clears purchase of 145 ultra-light Howitzer guns from US". India Today. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  51. ^ "M777 howitzer deal inked by the Indian government". 30 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  52. ^ "Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns". Hindustan Times. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  53. ^ "Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns - The Economic Times". Economic Times. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  54. ^ "Army gets its first artillery guns three decades after Bofors, will be tested at Pokhran today". indianexpress. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  55. ^ Peri, Dinakar (18 May 2017). "Two M777 Ultra-Light Howitzers arrive from U.S." The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  56. ^ "Army's new US-made M777 howitzer in trouble, barrel explodes at Pokhran range". 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  57. ^ "Barrel of US-manufactured Howitzer gun explodes during Indian army's calibration trial". Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  58. ^ a b Snehesh Alex Philip (20 February 2023). "New barrel, extended range - India & US explore joint development of M777 howitzer variant". Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  59. ^ S.K. Gurung (7 October 2019). "India China: India to deploy latest American weapon systems for Ex-HimVijay along China border - The Economic Times". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  60. ^ "Border clashes prompt India to fast-track weapons buys". 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Field_Artillery_Rationalisation_Plan&oldid=1243252298"