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Ezutromid

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Ezutromid
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Identifiers
  • 5-Ethylsulfonyl-2-naphthalen-2-yl-1,3-benzoxazole
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H15NO3S
Molar mass337.39 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCS(=O)(=O)c1ccc2c(c1)nc(o2)c3ccc4ccccc4c3
  • InChI=1S/C19H15NO3S/c1-2-24(21,22)16-9-10-18-17(12-16)20-19(23-18)15-8-7-13-5-3-4-6-14(13)11-15/h3-12H,2H2,1H3
  • Key:KSGCNXAZROJSNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Ezutromid is an orally administered small molecule utrophin modulator involved in a Phase 2 clinical trial produced by Summit Therapeutics for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).[1][2] DMD is a fatal x-linked recessive disease affecting approximately 1 in 5000 males and is a designated orphan disease by the FDA and European Medicines Agency.[3] Approximately 1/3 of the children obtain DMD as a result of spontaneous mutation in the dystrophin gene and have no family history of the disease.[3] Dystrophin is a vital component of mature muscle function, and therefore DMD patients have multifarious forms of defunct or deficient dystrophin proteins that all manifest symptomatically as muscle necrosis and eventually organ failure.[3][4] Ezutromid is theorized to maintain utrophin, a protein functionally and structurally similar to dystrophin that precedes and is replaced by dystrophin during development.[3][5] Utrophin and dystrophin are reciprocally expressed, and are found in different locations in a mature muscle cell.[4][6] However, in dystrophin-deficient patients, utrophin was found to be upregulated and is theorized to replace dystrophin in order to maintain muscle fibers.[7] Ezutromid is projected to have the potential to treat all patients suffering with DMD as it maintains the production of utrophin to counteract the lack of dystrophin to retard muscle degeneration.[7][8] Both the FDA and European Medicines Agency has given ezutromid an orphan drug designation.[5][9] The FDA Office of Orphan Products and Development offers an Orphan Drug Designation program (ODD) that allows drugs aimed to treat diseases that affect less than 200,000 people in the U.S. monetary incentives such as a period of market exclusivity, tax incentives, and expedited approval processes.[5][10]

The Phase 2 clinical trial was ended in 2018 and the medication discontinued after it failed to show any benefit in slowing the disease.[11]

Clinical trials

[edit]

The first Phase 1b trial (NCT02056808) began in November 2013 and involved 12 patients aged 5–11 years old.[12] The patients were divided into three groups given escalating oral doses testing the safety and tolerability after each increase over the course of 10 days.[12]

Another completed Phase 1b trial (NCT02383511) began February 2015 and involved 12 patients aged 5–13 years old.[13] The goal was to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring plasma concentration and major metabolite levels over 28 days for three sequence groups.[13] Each sequence involved placebo, 1250 mg, and 2500 mg BID (twice a day) doses given for one week each.[4][13]

A PhaseOut DMD, Phase 2, Proof of Concept (NCT02858362) clinical trial is underway that tests the clinical safety and efficacy of an oral suspension of ezutromid.[2] The 48-week open-label trial is enrolling 40 boys, ages 5–10, living in the U.K. or U.S.[2] MRI leg muscle change will be measured as well as ezutromid plasma concentration levels, with a secondary goal of obtaining quantifiable images of utrophin membrane stained biopsies at baseline and either 24 or 48 weeks.[2]

Commercial aspects

[edit]

As of 2016, ataluren was the only approved drug in the EU to treat a specific subpopulation of patients with nmDMD, or DMD caused by a nonsense mutation.[14] However, nonsense mutations only account for approximately 15% of all patients with DMD.[15] Therefore, Summit Therapeutics projects to file for regulatory approval in the US and EU by 2019 and to reach market in 2020.[8] They expect to profit just over £24,046 in 2020 and £942,656 in 2025, which amounts to ~10% CGR for the first 7 years on the basis of treating all DMD patients in the US, EU, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Russia.[8]

Furthermore, Summit Therapeutics has entered an agreement with Sarepta Therapeutics as of October 2016 regarding the commercialization of ezutromid.[16] The agreement consists of a collaboration between Sarepta and Summit to share the research and developing costs for the development of novel therapies to treat DMD patients.[16]

References

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  1. ^ "About Summit Therapeutics - Summit". Summit. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  2. ^ a b c d Clinical trial number NCT02858362 for "PoC Study to Assess Activity and Safety of SMT C1100 (Ezutromid) in Boys With DMD" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  3. ^ a b c d "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Summit". Summit. Archived from the original on 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  4. ^ a b c Ricotti V, Spinty S, Roper H, Hughes I, Tejura B, Robinson N, et al. (2016-01-01). "Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SMT C1100, a 2-Arylbenzoxazole Utrophin Modulator, following Single- and Multiple-Dose Administration to Pediatric Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy". PLOS ONE. 11 (4): e0152840. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1152840R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152840. PMC 4824384. PMID 27055247.
  5. ^ a b c "Potential DMD Therapy, Ezutromid, Shows Promise in Upgraded Form". Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  6. ^ Janghra N, Morgan JE, Sewry CA, Wilson FX, Davies KE, Muntoni F, Tinsley J (2016-03-14). "Correlation of Utrophin Levels with the Dystrophin Protein Complex and Muscle Fibre Regeneration in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Muscle Biopsies". PLOS ONE. 11 (3): e0150818. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150818J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150818. PMC 4790853. PMID 26974331.
  7. ^ a b "Home - Summit". Summit. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  8. ^ a b c Werther CA (2016). Ezutromid Has the Potential to Treat All Duchenne Patients; Initiating Coverage With a Buy. H.C. Wainwright & Co. pp. 1–29.
  9. ^ "Search Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  10. ^ Office of the Commissioner. "Developing Products for Rare Diseases & Conditions". www.fda.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  11. ^ Inacio P (2018-06-29). "Summit Therapeutics Ends Development of Ezutromid Therapy for DMD After Trial Failure". Muscular Dystrophy News. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
  12. ^ a b Clinical trial number NCT02056808 for "A Phase 1b Study of SMT C1100 in Subjects With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  13. ^ a b c Clinical trial number NCT02383511 for "Modified Diet Trial: A Study of SMT C1100 in Paediatric Patients With DMD Who Follow a Balanced Diet " at ClinicalTrials.gov
  14. ^ "PTC Therapeutics | ataluren". PTC Therapeutics. Archived from the original on 2019-01-14. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  15. ^ Flanigan KM, Dunn DM, von Niederhausern A, Soltanzadeh P, Howard MT, Sampson JB, et al. (March 2011). "Nonsense mutation-associated Becker muscular dystrophy: interplay between exon definition and splicing regulatory elements within the DMD gene". Human Mutation. 32 (3): 299–308. doi:10.1002/humu.21426. PMC 3724403. PMID 21972111.
  16. ^ a b Summit Therapeutics PLC. "Sarepta Therapeutics and Summit Enter Into Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement for European Rights to Summit's Utrophin Modulator Pipeline for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
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