Jump to content

Cyclone Amphan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan
Amphan near peak intensity over the Bay of Bengal on 18 May
Meteorological history
Formed16 May 2020
Dissipated21 May 2020
Super cyclonic storm
3-minute sustained (IMD)
Highest winds240 km/h (150 mph)
Lowest pressure920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds270 km/h (165 mph)
Lowest pressure901 hPa (mbar); 26.61 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities128 total
Damage$14 billion (2020 USD)
(Costliest on record in the North Indian Ocean)
Areas affectedIndia (West Bengal, Odisha, Andaman Islands), Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan (/ˈʌm.pʌn/ um-pun)[1] was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that caused widespread damage in Eastern India, specifically in West Bengal and Odisha, and in Bangladesh, in May 2020. It was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Ganges Delta. It was a rare cyclone that lashed northern Bangladesh from Rajshahi to Rangpur in the early hours of 21 May with strong winds. It caused severe damage to mango production of Rajshahi and Rangpur. It was also the fourth super cyclone that hit West Bengal and Kolkata since 2015 as well as being one of the strongest storms to impact the area.[2][3][4] Causing over US$13 billion of damage, Amphan is also the costliest cyclone ever recorded in the North Indian Ocean, surpassing the record held by Cyclone Nargis of 2008.[5]

The first tropical cyclone of the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Amphan originated from a low-pressure area persisting a couple of hundred miles (300 km) east of Colombo, Sri Lanka, on 13 May 2020. Tracking northeastward, the disturbance organized over exceptionally warm sea surface temperatures; the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded the system to a tropical depression on 15 May while the India Meteorological Department (IMD) followed suit the following day. On 17 May, Amphan underwent rapid intensification and became an extremely severe cyclonic storm within 12 hours.

On 18 May, at approximately 12:00 UTC, Amphan reached its peak intensity with 3-minute sustained wind speeds of 240 km/h (150 mph), 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 270 km/h (170 mph), and a minimum central barometric pressure of 920 mbar (27.17 inHg). The storm began an eyewall replacement cycle shortly after it reached its peak intensity, but the continued effects of dry air and wind shear disrupted this process and caused Amphan to gradually weaken as it paralleled the eastern coastline of India. On 20 May, 12:00 UTC, the cyclone made landfall in West Bengal. At the time, the JTWC estimated Amphan's 1-minute sustained winds to be 175 km/h (110 mph). Amphan rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated shortly thereafter.

Coastal areas in West Bengal comprising West Midnapore, East Midnapore, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Kolkata, Hooghly and Howrah were heavily affected by the cyclone. It also caused significant destruction in Bangladesh, bringing rain and strong winds to Rajshahi and Rangpur. It created havoc in the metro city of Kolkata.[6]

The name Amphan was suggested by Thailand which means 'sky' in Thai.[1]

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
Most intense North Indian cyclones
Rank Cyclone Year Min. pressure
1 1999 Odisha 1999 912 hPa (26.93 inHg)
2 1991 Bangladesh 1991 918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
3 Three 1963 920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
1990 Andhra Pradesh 1990 920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Gonu 2007 920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Amphan 2020 920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
7 Kyarr 2019 922 hPa (27.23 inHg)
8 Gay 1989 930 hPa (27.46 inHg)
9 Mocha 2023 931 hPa (27.49 inHg)
10 2001 India 2001 932 hPa (27.52 inHg)
Fani 2019 932 hPa (27.52 inHg)

During 13 May 2020, an area of low pressure developed over the Southeastern Bay of Bengal about 1020 km (635 mi) to the southeast of Visakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[7][8] The area of low pressure was located within a favorable environment for further development with good equator-ward outflow, exceptionally warm sea surface temperatures between 32 and 34 °C recorded in the basin, and low vertical wind shear.[8] Over the next couple of days, the system became more marked as it gradually consolidated further, with bands of deep atmospheric convection wrapping into the system's low-level center.[9][10] During 16 May, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that the area of low pressure had developed into a depression and designated it as BOB 01 while it was located about 1,100 km (685 mi) to the south of Paradip in the Indian state of Odisha.[11]

Moving northwards, the depression continually organised and became a cyclonic storm a few hours later, receiving the name Amphan. Intensification was temporarily impeded as moderate easterly wind shear disrupted the system's cloud pattern.[12] On 17 May, conditions for significant intensification became more conducive as upper-level winds improved. As a result, Amphan underwent rapid intensification into a severe cyclonic storm, with the JTWC assessing an increase in winds from 140 km/h (85 mph) at 12:00 UTC to 215 km/h (135 mph), the equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS), just six hours later.[13] Furthermore, the IMD upgraded Amphan to an extremely severe cyclonic storm on their cyclone intensity scale.[14] The broad storm was characterized by a cloud shield extending more than 1,110 km (690 mi) and a sharply-outlined 10 nautical mile-wide eye.[15]

Early on 18 May, microwave imagery depicted two distinct concentric eyewalls, a telltale sign of an eyewall replacement cycle that is typical for very intense cyclones.[16] Through the day, the effects of wind shear and dry air hampered this internal core change, causing the eyewall to erode by late on 18 May.[17][user-generated source?] Around 5:30 p.m. IST (12:00 UTC), Amphan made landfall as a Very Severe Cyclonic storm near Bakkhali, West Bengal with winds of 155 km/h (95 mph).[18]

Infrared satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying, an eye has formed over the center
Satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying on 17 May

As it moved further inland, Amphan rapidly weakened. Just six hours after landfall, the JTWC downgraded the storm to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone and issued its final warning on the system, as it became disorganized.[19] On 21 May, Amphan degenerated into a well-marked low pressure area.

Preparations

[edit]
Satellite image of a newly formed depression
Amphan shortly after being classified as a depression on 16 May
Prime Minister Narendra Modi chairing a high-level meeting to review the response measures against cyclone Amphan, in New Delhi on 18 May 2020

Amphan's forecast track placed 38.9 million people in India and Bangladesh at risk of exposure to the storm's winds, according to the US Pacific Disaster Center.[20] The formation of the precursor low-pressure system prompted the IMD to issue a cyclonic alert for India's coastline along the Bay of Bengal, advising fishermen not to sail to susceptible locations in the Bay of Bengal from 15 to 18 May.[21] Fishermen from Sri Lanka were also advised by the national government to return to or remain in the country,[22] and additional maritime traffic from Singapore and other countries were advised to remain clear of Amphan's vicinity.[23] Ships and aircraft of the Indian Coast Guard directed fishing boats to harbour in coordination with the administrations and fisheries departments of Odisha and West Bengal.[24] The Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Chennai activated an International Safety Net for the Bay of Bengal.[23] Ports were cleared and their operations suspended along the Bay of Bengal, while ferry service along major routes in Bangladesh was suspended by the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation.[25][26] Bangladeshi ports suspended the loading and unloading of goods on board ships.[27] Smaller vessels in the harbour at Chittagong were moved to safety upstream the Karnaphuli River.[28] Ships were ordered out of some ports, such as the port of Paradip, to avoid damage.[29] Public works departments were called upon by the government of Odisha to ensure infrastructure resiliency;[30] crews and backup systems for electricity and telecommunications were deployed to meet these needs,[31] establishing helplines for emergency response.[32] Rail and vehicular traffic in Odisha and West Bengal was halted or rerouted.[33] The Shramik train service for migrant workers was halted in both states for up to four days, with service expected to be curtailed in the storm's aftermath.[34][35][36][37] Other migrants travelling to Odisha were asked to wait out the storm.[38] AC Express special trains operating routes between New Delhi and Bhubaneswar were diverted to avoid the cyclone's effects.[39] Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata was closed until 21 May, with planes evacuating or chocked and the airport terminal roof fortified to minimize damage.[40][41]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a meeting with Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah, Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of Odisha Naveen Patnaik and other officials on 18 May to review preparations and evacuation plans.[42][43] Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee announced on the day of hitting of cyclone, that all the areas through which the cyclone will pass are to be disconnected from the power supply until the disaster passed on, except the important places like hospitals, fire station etc. Teams from the Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force and National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) were pre-positioned across districts in Odisha and West Bengal on 17 May to assist in preparations for Amphan and render aid where necessary,[30][44][45] with additional units placed on standby;[46] these units could be readily airlifted to affected areas on board Indian Air Force transport aircraft.[47] The National Disaster Management Authority advised that these crews and other first responders would also need personal protective equipment and N95 masks due to the ongoing pandemic.[48] A diving team from the Indian Navy was sent to Kolkata to aid relief efforts,[49] with ships from the navy placed on standby for relief operations.[50]

The Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme and National Disaster Response Coordination Group convened on 18 May to outline preparations for Amphan.[51] Several non-governmental agencies coordinated with the Cyclone Preparedness Programme to support Rohingya refugees at camps in Cox's Bazar during Amphan.[52] The Department of Public Health Engineering distributed sanitation supplies and set up 15 water treatment plants.[53] All 32 Rohingya camps in Cox's Bazar were staffed with relief volunteers.[54] Health services in Bangladesh during the storm were reinforced by 1,933 medical teams distributed around Bangladesh.[55] Fifteen thousand volunteers and 284 medical teams were prepared to render aid around Chittagong.[28] According to Inter-Services Public Relations, 145 disaster management teams from the Bangladesh Armed Forces were placed on standby with special equipment. The Bangladesh Army deployed 71 medical teams and arranged 18,400 packets and relief materials in preparation for Amphan's aftermath. Twenty-five ships were dispatched by the Bangladesh Navy to handle emergency, rescue, and relief operations, with aerial support from the Bangladesh Air Force.[56] The Ministry of Agriculture of Bangladesh advised coastal farmers to harvest all mature paddy fields to mitigate the estimated loss of 12 percent of crop yield.[57] Seven thousand domestic animals were also moved to shelter under the direction of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock.[58]

An IMD yellow alert was active for 13 of Kerala's 14 districts on 18 May,[59] while an orange alert was issued by the agency for West Bengal, anticipating extensive damage in six districts.[60] The Bangladesh Meteorological Department issued cyclone danger signal #10, their highest warning, at the Port of Mongla and the Port of Payra on 20 May, signifying "great danger" due to Amphan with winds expected to exceed 89 km/h (55 mph). Signal #10 was also issued for eleven coastal districts, in addition to offshore islands and islands within the Ganges Delta.[61] Flood and landslide warnings were issued by the Disaster Management Centre of Sri Lanka on 19 May. Boats, helicopters, and crews were stationed by the Sri Lanka Air Force and Sri Lanka Navy throughout the island to bolster emergency response.[62] Coastal provinces of Thailand along the Andaman Sea were warned by the Thai Meteorological Department of the threat of heavy rain on 19 May.[63] Storm alerts issued by the Thai Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation encompassed 62 provinces, including Bangkok,[64] while warnings for flash floods, high waves, and landslides were issued for 14 provinces in southern Thailand.[65] The National Centre for Hydrology and Meteorology of Bhutan warned of the possibility of flash flooding and landslides in the country.[66] The Bhutanese Department of Disaster Management advised against travelling, particularly in southern Bhutan.[67]

Evacuations

[edit]
Amphan approaching East India and Bangladesh on 19 May

The government of Odisha directed the magistrates of four districts on 15 May to establish shelter homes for possible evacuees.[68] Odisha Chief Secretary Asit Kumar Tripathy initially identified 403 possible cyclone shelters in areas potentially impacted by Amphan, though 105 served as temporary medical centres for quarantines associated with the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic.[30] Shelters could only be filled to one-third capacity to maintain social distancing guidelines due to the pandemic.[48][69] Social distancing restrictions in West Bengal reduced evacuation capacity in shelters from 500,000 people to 200,000 people.[70] The Kolkata Municipal Corporation located schools and community centres for possible use as temporary shelters to augment evacuation capacity.[71][72] At least 1,704 shelters were ultimately established in Odisha and more than 2,000 were used in West Bengal, including schools and public buildings.[73] Pandemic constraints on shelters in Bangladesh prompted deputy commissioners in 19 coastal districts to seize educational institutions and mosques for use as shelters.[74][75] More than 12,000 shelters were opened across Bangladesh, supplied with food and emergency cash from the Bangladeshi Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and yielding capacity for 5.19 million evacuees.[76][77] There were 5,767 more shelters in Bangladesh for Amphan than for Cyclone Bulbul, which struck the country in November 2019, due in part to social distancing restrictions.[78]

Approximately 4.2 million people were evacuated in coastal India and Bangladesh, with roughly 2 million from India and 2.2 million from Bangladesh. Most of the evacuations in India occurred in West Bengal.[79][80] Over a million people were expected to evacuate from areas near the Bangladesh–India border.[81] Around 4,000 personnel from the SDRF oversaw evacuations in India.[82] Evacuations began on 17 May in Jagatsinghpur, beginning with the elderly and pregnant living in thatched homes.[83] Magistrates were directed to begin evacuating residents from vulnerable homes and low-lying areas in Odisha the following day.[84] The Odisha government took a more targeted evacuation approach for Amphan than in previous storms where more widespread evacuations were utilized.[85] Odisha had shelter capacity for up 1.1 million evacuees, though only 10 percent was expected to be used.[86] Over 141,000 people were ultimately moved to shelters in coastal Odisha.[50] The government of West Bengal planned to evacuate 200,000 people from their homes by 18 May;[86] nearly 300,000 people evacuated in total from the state, including 200,000 from North 24 Parganas district and more than 40,000 from Sagar Island.[87][88][23] The NDRF reported that over 500,000 people evacuated from Odisha and West Bengal.[89] Officials farther inland in Dhanbad and Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand, were also instructed to move people from susceptible housing to safety.[90] Two million people were expected to evacuate from low-lying areas of Bangladesh on 19 May;[91] Enamur Rahman, the Minister of Disaster Management and Relief, stated that the evacuation for Amphan in Bangladesh was unprecedented in scale.[92] Trawlers were used to evacuate thousands from the sediment islands in the Ganges Delta to the Bangladeshi mainland.[93] Approximately 50,000 people were evacuated from the islands of the Sundarbans.[69]

Impact

[edit]
Fatalities by country
Country Fatalities Ref.
India 98 [94][95][96]
Bangladesh 26 [97]
Sri Lanka 4 [98][99]
Total 128

India

[edit]
Main article: Effects of Cyclone Amphan in India

Eastern India

[edit]
A downed tree along the side of a Kolkata street
Damage from Cyclone Amphan in Kolkata

Amphan made landfall near Bakkhali in West Bengal at 2:30 p.m. IST on 20 May,[18] buffeting the region with strong winds and heavy rains.[100] Although the extent of fatalities was less than initially feared, the cyclone's effects were nonetheless widespread and deadly.[101] West Bengal, the epicenter of the cyclone's landfall, saw the most widespread damage from Amphan. The storm was considered the strongest to hit the region in over a decade.[3] At least 86 people died in West Bengal;[94] most of the fatalities were due to electrocution or the collapse of homes.[102] The state government estimated that the storm caused at least ₹1.02 trillion (US$13.5 billion) in damages and directly affected 70 percent of the state's population.[5][94][103] Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee described the storm's effects there as worse than that of COVID-19.[50] An estimated storm surge of 5 m (16 ft) inundated a wide swath of coastal communities and communications were severed. The greatest inundations were expected in the Sundarbans, where flooding could extend 15 km (9.3 mi) inland.[104] Embankments in the region were overtaken by the surge, leading to inundation of the islands in the Sundarbans.[105] Bridges linking islands to the Indian mainland were swept away.[106] The cyclone produced sustained winds of 112 km/h (70 mph) and gusts to 190 km/h (120 mph), which were recorded by the Alipore observatory, Kolkata, West Bengal, damaging homes and uprooting trees and electric poles.[50] Wind speed along coastal areas were measured up to 150–160 km/h (93–99 mph). In Canning a wind speed of 157 km/h (98 mph) with gusting up to 185 km/h (115 mph) was recorded, while nearby nimpith and Sagar Island observed 155 and 111 km/h (96 and 69 mph) wind speed.[107] The Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport recorded wind speeds up to 133 km/h (83 mph) . In average, Kolkata and its surrounding recorded highest wind speed of 110–130 km/h at 7-8 pm and rainfall between 220 and 240 mm was recorded in Kolkata and its surroundings on 20 May 2020.[108] This overturned vehicles and snapped approximately 10,000 trees.[107][104][109][110] The Calcutta Municipal Corporation stated that Amphan toppled over 4,000 electric poles, leaving much of the city without power for over 14 hours.[111][112] At least 19 people were killed in Kolkata.[110] The storm also triggered widespread flooding around the city. 236 mm of rain was recorded in Kolkata.[110]

Costliest known North Indian cyclones
Rank Cyclone Season Damage
(2023 USD)
1 Nargis 2008 $18.3 billion
2 Amphan 2020 $16.6 billion
3 Fani 2019 $9.65 billion
4 BOB 06 1999 $8.12 billion
5 Remal 2024 $7.82 billion
6 Gonu 2007 $6.47 billion
7 ARB 02 1998 $5.61 billion
8 Phailin 2013 $5.57 billion
9 Hudhud 2014 $4.61 billion
10 Vardah 2016 $4.29 billion
Infrared satellite animation of Amphan
Satellite animation of Amphan making landfall over West Bengal on 20 May

Downed power lines caused power outages across West Bengal, prompting CM Mamata Banerjee to order power supplies to be cut in the two states of 24 Parganas as a precautionary measure.[50] In North 24 Parganas, 2 people were killed and up to 5,500 homes were damaged.[50] Thousands of mud homes were damaged in the neighboring Hooghly district.[104] A million homes were damaged in South 24 Parganas and breached embankments led to the flooding of villages and swaths of cropland.[94][102] About 26,000 homes were destroyed in Gosaba. Saltwater inundation affected surrounding areas following damage to 19 km (12 mi) of nearby embankments. Around 150 km from the area in Nadia,the storm caused severe damage.[110] Across West Bengal, 88,000 hectares (220,000 acres) of rice paddies and 200,000 hectares (490,000 acres) of vegetable and sesame crops were damaged.[102]

Neighboring Odisha saw significant effects, with wind speed reaching 106 km/h (66 mph) and rainfall up to 300 mm (12 in) in Paradip.[113] In Bhadrak, rainfall reached 384.6 mm (15.14 in).[96] Approximately 1,167 km (725 mi) of power lines of varying voltages,[citation needed] 126,540 transformers, and 448 electrical substations were affected, leaving 3.4 million without power. Damage to the power grid reached ₹3.2 billion (US$42 million).[114] Four people died in Odisha, two from collapsed objects, one due to drowning,[95] and one from head trauma.[96] Across the 10 affected districts in Odisha, 4.4 million people were impacted in some way by the cyclone. At least 500 homes were destroyed and a further 15,000 were damaged. Nearly 4,000 livestock, primarily poultry, died. The Cyclone was strongest at its northeast section.[citation needed]

Southern India

[edit]

Rains and strong winds from Amphan swept across many districts in Kerala beginning on 16 May.[115] Thunderstorms associated with Amphan caused severe coastal erosion in the Valiyathura suburb of Thiruvananthapuram, damaging roads and destroying homes and threatening to displace over a hundred families from their homes.[116] Strong winds inflicted severe damage in Kottayam district, especially in Vaikom taluk, where homes and temples were impacted and trees and electric poles were downed.[117] The tiled roof of the Vaikom Mahadeva Temple was damaged by these winds. A ₹1.47 billion (US$19.3 million) damage toll resulted from the destruction of 16 homes and the partial damage of 313 homes.[118] A high school used as a homeless shelter collapsed, causing minor injuries.[117]

Tamil Nadu faced some impact from the cyclone. Heavy winds damaged at least 100 boats anchored in the Ramanathapuram district.[119] Coastal erosion from rough seas generated by Amphan led to the collapse of three houses at Bommayarpalayam in Viluppuram district.[120] Roughly 35 acres of banana crops around Gandarvakottai and Aranthangi were destroyed.[121] Northern areas of the state have heatwave-like conditions for a week because Amphan took all of the area's moisture.[122]

In Sooradapeta, near Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh, rough seas destroyed 35 homes and damaged several others.[123]

Bangladesh

[edit]
Satellite image of Amphan showing its curved rainbands
Satellite image of Amphan making landfall on West Bengal on 20 May

Officials feared Amphan would be the deadliest storm in Bangladesh since Cyclone Sidr in 2007, which killed about 3,500 people. The IMD predicted a storm surge as high as 3–5 metres (9.8–16.4 ft).[124] Over a million people were affected by Amphan across nine districts in the divisions of Khulna and Barisal, with the cyclone causing an estimated Tk11 billion (US$130 million) in damage;[125] the Bangladeshi government predicted that the country could incur a US$1.5 billion damage toll.[124] At least 20 people died in storm-related incidents, including the Cyclone Preparedness Programme leader of unit no. 6 in Dhankhali union Shah Alam, who drowned when his boat capsized.[97][126] Damaging effects began in Bangladesh prior to the landfall of Amphan as coastal water levels rose.[104] Collapsed embankments led to the inundation of 17 villages across Galachipa, Kalapara, and Rangabali.[97] A ship evacuating residents of a coastal community sank, killing one person.[127] Storm surge destroyed at least 500 homes on an island within the Noakhali District.[104]

Winds in Satkhira topped out at 151 km/h (94 mph).[92] Nearly 220,000 homes were damaged, of which 55,667 were destroyed, rendering an estimated 500,000 people homeless according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.[125][128] A 2.7 m (8.9 ft) storm surge breached 150 km (93 mi) of embankments, leading to the inundation of roughly 100 villages.[125][92] In Purba Durgabati, part of a levee was washed away by floodwaters up to 4 metres (13 feet) high, causing 600 houses to be inundated.[129] Low-lying areas in Barishal were submerged 0.9–1.2 m (3.0–3.9 ft) under water. Flooded rivers affected parts of Rangabali and Galachipa upazilas in Patuakhali district and parts of Khulna district.[92] Three hundred shelters in Cox's Bazar were damaged by flooding and landslides.[130] All 65 freshwater ponds in the Sundarbans were inundated by saltwater and numerous kewra trees were uprooted;[125] however, damage to the mangrove forest was less than initially feared.[131] Across 26 districts, approximately 1,100 km (680 mi) of roads and over 200 bridges were damaged.[132]

The Department of Fisheries estimated that Tk2.17 billion (US$25.6 million) in losses to crab, finfish, and shrimp were sustained by 40,800 farmers due primarily to the flooding of farms. These losses were most significant in Khulna and Barisal.[133] Floods severely damaged or destroyed around 3,000 shrimp and crab farms.[129] An estimated 176,000 hectares (430,000 acres) of farmland were affected by Amphan according to the Ministry of Agriculture, with mango farmers in Sathkhira taking the brunt of the agricultural impacts;[133] the Department of Agricultural Extension estimated that Amphan damaged 16 percent of Bangladesh's annual mango production,[134] while as much as 70 percent of mangoes in Sathkhira were damaged.[133] Boro rice paddies, beans, and betel also sustained significant losses due to Amphan.[133] Amphan left 22 million electricity customers without power. Roughly 2,500 phone towers operated by the Association of Mobile Telecom Operators of Bangladesh were disabled by the cyclone.[135]

Sri Lanka

[edit]

The cyclone produced heavy rainfall and strong winds in Sri Lanka while intensifying east of the island, affecting some 2,000 people and triggering floods and landslides.[136][137] Minor flooding occurred along the banks of the Kalu Ganga.[98] Two people were killed as a result of these rains in Ratnapura District, with one killed by a landslide and another by a fallen tree. Landslide-related injuries hospitalized other residents in the area.[62] Two people were killed in Kegalle, where 214 mm (8.4 in) of rain fell in 24 hours.[99] Flash floods in Kottampitiya and Pelmadulla prompted the evacuation of 60 people from homes susceptible to a possible landslide.[62] Over 500 homes were damaged by Amphan,[137] of which 145 were in Polonnaruwa.[138]

Bhutan

[edit]
Amphan weakening over Bangladesh as unsettled weather extends into Bhutan

The remnants of Amphan produced several days of unsettled weather across Bhutan, with the Tsirang District in particular seeing three days of heavy rain. Landslides and rockfalls across the nation blocked roadways and damaged homes. Flash flooding in Threna damaged crops and prompted the evacuation of five households. Seventeen yaks and horses died across Lingzhi, Naro, and Soe gewogs.[139] Stemming from damage to fibre-optic cables in Kolkata, Bhutan Telecom saw a total loss of service for 17 hours on 20–21 May and TashiCell saw a 60 percent outage.[140] Power outages occurred in Drepong, Gongdu, Jurmey, Kengkhar, and Silambi gewogs. Rainfall proved beneficial for the country's hydroelectric power production with the Mangdechhu hydroelectric plant producing 791.39 MW of power, more than its intended capacity of 720 MW.[141]

Aftermath

[edit]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi making an aerial survey of Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal on 22 May 2020.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi with West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, held a review meeting after the aerial survey of the Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal, in Basirhat on 22 May 2020.

On 22 May, Prime Minister Narendra Modi conducted an aerial survey over Kolkata, along with West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee.[142] Modi announced a ₹10 billion (US$132 million) immediate relief package for West Bengal and ₹5 billion (US$66.2 million) in relief for Odisha.[143][144] In advance, Modi announced that ₹200,000 (US$2,650) would be provided to the next of kin of people who died during the storm, and ₹50,000 (US$660) would be given to each injured person.[143] Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee stated that it would take three to four days to assess the damage.[145] Twenty disaster relief teams were dispatched by the Indian Coast Guard to begin search and rescue operations.[145] Ten teams were sent to West Bengal to aid recovery, in addition to the NDRF teams pre-positioned there before Amphan's passage.[105] Approximately 1,000 ground teams worked to restore infrastructure and services in West Bengal after Amphan, though only 25–30 percent of workers were staffed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[94] The resulting slow restoration of power sparked protests across West Bengal aimed primarily at electricity company CESC.[146] Some restoration efforts were disrupted by these protests.[147] The Home Department of West Bengal requested additional crews from railway and port interest, while five brigades from the Indian Army were deployed in Kolkata and the 24 Parganas districts to support recovery efforts.[105][146] Additional assistance was requested from Jharkhand and Odisha.[94] The government of Odisha sent 500 members of its disaster rapid action force and fire service to West Bengal.[105] Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik performed an aerial survey of the damage in his state following Amphan.[38]

The European Union stated that it would initially provide €500,000 (US$545,000) for those affected by the storm in India.[105]

The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief in Bangladesh approved a ৳2.5–3 billion (US$29–35 million) budget to repair embankments damaged by Amphan. Another ৳1.5 billion (US$18 million) was distributed to each district heavily impacted by the storm, along with 500 bundles of corrugated tin sheets.[148] International development organisation BRAC disbursed ৳30 million (US$350,000) to low-income families in 10 upazilas, with ৳5,000 (US$60) per family. The organisation also distributed gloves, masks, and sanitizers to Bagerhat, Khulna, and Satkhira districts.[149]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean" (PDF). New Delhi: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  2. ^ 1. Kumar S, Lal P, Kumar A. Influence of Super Cyclone “Amphan” in the Indian Subcontinent amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Remote SeSyst Sci [Internet]. 2021 Jun 12 [cited 2021 Jun 13]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-021-00048-z
  3. ^ a b "Amphan: Cyclone wreaks deadly havoc in India and Bangladesh". BBC News. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  4. ^ *Nandi, Jayashree; Thakur, Joydeep (18 May 2020). "Super Cyclonic Storm #Amphan is the 1st SUCS in the Bay of Bengal since the 1999 Odisha Super Cyclone". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b Sud, Vedika; Rajaram, Prema (22 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan caused an estimated $13.2 billion in damage in India's West Bengal: government source". CNN. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  6. ^ "Cyclone devastates Kolkata and leaves scores dead". BBC News. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  7. ^ Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 13, 2020 06z (Report). India Meteorological Department. 13 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean May 13, 2020 18z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  9. ^ Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 14, 2020 06z (Report). India Meteorological Department. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  10. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert May 15, 2020 10z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  11. ^ Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 16, 2020 04:05z (Report). India Meteorological Department. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  12. ^ "RSMC TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY BULLETIN" (PDF). Regional Specialised Metrological Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Indias Super Cyclone – Amphan". Severe weather.eu. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  14. ^ "BULLETIN NO.: 19 (BAY OF BENGAL 01/2020)" (PDF). rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in. 18 May 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  15. ^ "Tropical cyclone Amphan threatens India and Bangladesh". World Meteorological Organization. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  16. ^ "Life threatening storm surge – Cyclone Amphan". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  17. ^ "Amphan continues to weaken as it bears down on the Bengal coast". Reddit. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  18. ^ a b "In pictures: Cyclone Amphan hits India and Bangladesh". CNN. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  19. ^ "Tropical cyclone 01B (Amphan) Warning Nr 018". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  20. ^ Westcott, Ben; Sud, Vedika; Suri, Manveena (19 May 2020). "India and Bangladesh brace for the strongest storm ever recorded in the Bay of Bengal". CNN. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  21. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Low pressure over Bay of Bengal, likely to intensify into cyclonic storm by May 16". The Indian Express. The Indian Express Ltd. Express Web Desk. 14 May 2020.
  22. ^ "Sri Lanka fishermen asked to stay ashore as cyclone Amphan intensifies". EconomyNext. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  23. ^ a b c Loiwal, Manogya (19 May 2020). "Alert sounded, preparations underway to safeguard districts in West Bengal from cyclone Amphan". India Today. Digha, India: Living Media India. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Cyclone Amphan likely to bring heavy rain in coastal Bengal districts from May 19". Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  25. ^ "'Extremely severe' cyclonic storm Amphan forces evacuations in India, Bangladesh". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Ferry services shut on major routes across Bangladesh". Newsroom Post. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Headlong Newsroom Post India. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  27. ^ "Bangladesh, India evacuating millions as super cyclone bears down on coast". bdnews24.com. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  28. ^ a b Hussain, Anwar (19 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan triggers rain in Chittagong". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  29. ^ "Super cyclone Amphan hurtling towards Bangladesh". bdnews24.com. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  30. ^ a b c "CM Naveen Patnaik sets 'zero casualty' target for cyclone Amphan". The New Indian Express. Bhubaneswar, India. Express News Service. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Odisha deploys NDRF, ODRAF teams as cyclonic storm Amphan intensifies into very severe cyclonic storm". United News of India. Bhubaneswar, India. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  32. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Govt releases helpline numbers, sets up round-the-clock control rooms". TimesNowNews.com. Bennett Coleman & Company. Times Now Digital. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  33. ^ Dwyer, Colin (19 May 2020). "'Cyclone In The Time Of COVID-19': Amphan Bears Down On Bangladesh And India". NPR. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  34. ^ "Odisha suspends 'Shramik Specials' in view of cyclone Amphan". The New Indian Express. Bhubaneswar, India. Express News Service. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  35. ^ "Bhubaneswar-New Delhi AC special train to run on diverted route". Update Odisha. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  36. ^ Singh, Harshita (19 May 2019). "Cyclone Amphan: 3 lakh people evacuated, moved to relief shelters, says West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee". Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  37. ^ Khanna, Rohit; Gupta, Jayanta (20 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan alters Shramik Special roster, 2 trains cancel". The Times of India. Kolkata, India: Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times News Network. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  38. ^ a b "Cyclone Amphan LIVE Updates: Cyclone begins landfall, process to last for four hours". The Hans India. Hyderabad Media Hous. Hans News Service. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  39. ^ "Cyclone 'Amphan' intensifies into severe cyclonic storm". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  40. ^ Srinivasan, Chandrasekar (20 May 2020). "Airport, Markets Shut, People To Stay Inside As Kolkata Preps For Amphan". Kolkata, India: NDTV. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  41. ^ "Kolkata: Planes flown out, terminal roof bolstered ahead of Cyclone Amphan strike". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times News Network. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  42. ^ Nandi, Jayashree (19 May 2020). "Bengal and Odisha brace for super cyclone Amphan, PM Modi takes stock". Hindustan Times. New Delhi, India. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  43. ^ "Amit Shah speaks to Mamata Banerjee and Naveen Patnaik, assures all help for super cyclone 'Amphan'". Deccan Herald. The Printers. Press Trust of India. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  44. ^ "Cyclone 'Amphan': NDRF deploys 17 teams in Odisha, West Bengal". The Tribune. The Tribune Trust. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  45. ^ "NDRF deploys 17 member team in Paradip to prepare for Cyclone Amphan". The Times of India. Jagatsinghpur, India. Asian News International. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  46. ^ Sharma, Vikash (17 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan Turns 'Very Severe', Disaster Response Teams Deployed In Odisha, WB". Odishatv.in. Odisha Television. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  47. ^ "Cyclone 'Amphan': 53 teams deployed to save lives, property, says NDRF". The New Indian Express. New Delhi, India. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  48. ^ a b Nandi, Jayashree; Thakur, Joydeep (18 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan likely to intensify, hit Bengal soon". Hindustan Times. Bhubaneswar, India. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  49. ^ "Live Updates: Cyclone Amphan weakens into 'extremely severe' category, rain lashes several parts of Odisha". The Economic Times. ET Online. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  50. ^ a b c d e f "Cyclone Amphan [LIVE]: Wind velocity in Kolkata clocks 112 kmph as cyclone crosses WB; 2 people dead in state". TimesNowNews.com. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times Now Digital. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  51. ^ "Danger signal 7 for coast as Cyclone Amphan intensifies". Dhaka Tribune. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  52. ^ "Warning flag raised at Rohingya camps over cyclone 'Amphan'". The Financial Express. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  53. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Local Government Division opens control room". United News of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  54. ^ Berlinger, Joshua; Regan, Helen; Rahim, Zamira (20 May 2020). "May 20 Cyclone Amphan news". CNN. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  55. ^ "1,933 medical teams ready: Media cell". United News of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  56. ^ "Bangladesh armed forces ready to tackle aftermath of super cyclone Amphan". bdnews24.com. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  57. ^ "Harvest all paddy now". The Daily Star. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  58. ^ "Fisheries Ministry opens control room over super cyclone 'Amphan'". United News of Bangladesh. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  59. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: 13 Kerala districts under yellow alert, says IMD". TimesNowNews.com. Bennett Coleman & Company. Indo-Asian News Service. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  60. ^ "Cyclone 'Amphan': West Bengal government mounts one of its biggest evacuation exercises". The New Indian Express. Kolkata, India. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  61. ^ "Bangladesh raises cyclone warning to great danger signal 10 for Payra, Mongla". bdnews24.com. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  62. ^ a b c Fernando, Asiri (18 May 2020). "Rains wreak havoc, claim two lives". Daily FT. Wijeya Newspapers. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  63. ^ "Flood alarm sounds on Andaman coast". Bangkok Post. Bangkok, Thailand: Bangkok Post Public Company. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  64. ^ Wancharoen, Supoj (19 May 2020). "Storms alert for most of Thailand". Bangkok Post. Bangkok Post Public Company. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  65. ^ "Thailand – Flash floods and landslides (DG ECHO, TMD, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 19 May 2020)". European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020 – via ReliefWeb.
  66. ^ "NCHM issues weather warning over cyclonic storm AMPHAN". Bhutan Broadcasting Service. Bhutan Broadcasting Service Corporation. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  67. ^ Palden, Tshering (20 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan to affect parts of Bhutan for the next two days". Kuensel. Kuensel Corporation. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  68. ^ Mohanty, Debabrata (15 May 2020). "Odisha bracing for possible cyclone, 12 districts on alert". Hindustan Times. HT Media Limited. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  69. ^ a b "Amphan: India and Bangladesh evacuate millions ahead of super cyclone". BBC News. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  70. ^ Brackett, Ron (18 May 2020). "India, Bangladesh Tell Millions to Evacuate as Tropical Cyclone Amphan Approaches". The Weather Channel. TWC Product and Technology. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  71. ^ Sharma, Vikash (16 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: With 7 Lakh Expected To Be Affected, Odisha Swings Into Action Mode". Odishatv.in. Bhubaneswar, India: Odisha Television. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  72. ^ "Cyclone Amphan set to hit West Bengal today". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times News Network. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  73. ^ "Over 1 lakh evacuated in Odisha as cyclone Amphan hurtles towards Bengal coast". The Free Press Journal. Bhubaneswar, India. Asian News International. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  74. ^ Hossain, Emran (17 May 2020). "Bangladesh alerts maritime ports as Cyclone Amphan intensifies". New Age Bangladesh. Media New Age. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  75. ^ "Govt has necessary preparations to face cyclone 'Amphan': Enamur". United News Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  76. ^ Parija, Pratik (18 May 2020). "India, Bangladesh Prepare to Evacuate 5 Million From Cyclone". Bloomberg. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  77. ^ Roy, Pinaki (19 May 2020). "Amphan may be as bad as Sidr". The Daily Star. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  78. ^ Syfullah, Muhammad (19 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: Social distancing at shelters a big challenge". United News of Bangladesh. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  79. ^ Thakur, Joydeep; Mohanty, Debabrata (20 May 2020). "As cyclone Amphan nears, 4.2 million evacuated in coastal regions of India, Bangladesh". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  80. ^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah; Ratcliffe, Rebecca (20 May 2020). "Super-cyclone Amphan hits coast of India and Bangladesh". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  81. ^ Lotus, Jean (17 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: More than 1 million to be evacuated in India, Bangladesh". United Press International. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  82. ^ "'Amphan' weakens into extremely severe cyclonic storm; yellow alert in 9 Kerala districts". Onmanorama. Manorama Online. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  83. ^ "'Amphan' keeps fishermen off sea". The New Indian Express. Kendrapara, India. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  84. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Odisha govt. asks Collectors to evacuate people living in thatched, asbestos, tile houses". United News of India. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  85. ^ "Cyclone Amphan set to hit Bengal today". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times News Network. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  86. ^ a b "India and Bangladesh to evacuate 2 million people as Cyclone Amphan approaches". South China Morning Post. Agence France-Presse. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  87. ^ Freedman, Andrew; Slater, Joanna (19 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan poses extreme storm surge danger for eastern India, Bangladesh". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2020. (subscription required)
  88. ^ Nag, Jayari (19 May 2020). "West Bengal: Three lakh people evacuated to safety ahead of 'Amphan' landfall". Bangalore Mirror. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  89. ^ Mishra, Himanshu Sekhar (20 May 2020). Bhasin, Swati (ed.). "Cyclone Amphan To Hit Bengal Between 4 And 6 PM, Heavy Rain Along Coast: 10 Points". New Delhi, India: NDTV. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  90. ^ Choubey, Praduman; Nikhar, Suresh Prasad (20 May 2020). "Dhanbad and Bokaro districts brace for Amphan". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  91. ^ "India, Bangladesh evacuate millions ahead of Cyclone Amphan amid fears of 'severe damage'". SBS News. Special Broadcasting Service. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  92. ^ a b c d "Coastal farmers take the brunt". The Daily Star. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  93. ^ "Thousands rushed to safety in Bhola from storm shelter-less shoals with Amphan lurking". bdnews24.com. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  94. ^ a b c d e f "Mamata pegs cyclone Amphan damage at ₹1 lakh crore, toll rises to 86". The Hindu. THG Publishing. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  95. ^ a b Mohanty, Debabrata (21 May 2020). "3 dead as Cyclone Amphan crosses Odisha before making landfall in Bengal". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  96. ^ a b c "Agony after cyclone Amphan in Odisha". The New Indian Express. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  97. ^ a b c Zaman, Tauhid; Jessore; Mostafa, Arif; Pirojpur; Sardar, Asaduzzaman; Satkhira; Nasim, Nazmul; Bogra; Dhar, Bijoy; Rangamati (21 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan weakens as death toll rises to 20". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  98. ^ a b "Ratnapura affected the most by inclement weather; 2 deaths reported". Ada Derana. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  99. ^ a b Borham, Maneshka (17 May 2020). "Adverse weather claims two lives". Sunday Observer. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  100. ^ "HIGHLIGHTS | 6.5 lakh evacuated, at least 24 dead as Cyclone 'Amphan' batters Bengal, Odisha; to weaken into 'deep depression'". The New Indian Express. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  101. ^ Beer, Tommy (22 May 2020). "500,000 Families May Be Homeless Due To Devastation From Cyclone Amphan". Forbes. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  102. ^ a b c "72 killed in Amphan's march through Bengal, PM Modi to visit today". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Times News Network. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  103. ^ Singh, Shiv Sahay (7 June 2020). "Bengal pegs cyclone Amphan damage at ₹1.02 lakh crore". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  104. ^ a b c d e Nagchoudhary, Subrata; Paul, Ruma (20 May 2020). "Cyclone kills 14 in India, Bangladesh leaving trail of destruction". Reuters. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  105. ^ a b c d e "Cyclone Amphan: Protests erupt as Bengal reels under storm aftermath; Army deployed for restoration work". The Indian Express. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  106. ^ "After Cyclone Hits India and Bangladesh, the Waiting Begins". The New York Times. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020. (subscription required)
  107. ^ a b "72 people dead in West Bengal, Mamata urges PM Modi to visit state". The Economic Times. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  108. ^ "6 Hours Of Fear As Cyclone Amphan Ripped Through Kolkata: Videos". NDTV.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  109. ^ Niyogi, Subhro; Ray, Saikat (22 May 2020). "Kolkata loses 5,000 trees, experts want shift in plantation pattern". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  110. ^ a b c d Nagchoudhary, Subrata; Paul, Ruma (22 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan leaves thousands homeless in eastern India, Modi offers help". Reuters. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  111. ^ "Protests over lack of power & water in several parts of Calcutta". The Telegraph. Kolkata, India. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  112. ^ "Cyclone Amphan: Survivors return to face destruction left by storm". BBC. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  113. ^ Barik, Satyasundar (20 May 2020). "Amphan: Heavy rain, wind hit coastal districts of Odisha". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  114. ^ "Cyclone 'Amphan' aftermath: Power supply restored in affected districts". The New Indian Express. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  115. ^ N., Smitha (18 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan intensifies, heavy rains in Kerala". Deccan Chronicle. Kochi, India. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  116. ^ Mohan, Shainu (20 May 2020). "Super Cyclone Amphan ravages coast". The New Indian Express. Express News Service. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  117. ^ a b "Strong winds wreak havoc in Kottayam; Vaikom badly hit". The New Indian Express. Express News Service. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  118. ^ "Temples, houses suffer damage in storm in Kerala". Deccan Herald. Thiruvananthapuram, India: The Printers. Deccan Herald News Service. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  119. ^ "100 boats damaged in heavy winds". The Hindu. Rameswarm, India: THG Publishing. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  120. ^ Marx, Karal (19 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: Three houses collapse in TN due to coastal erosion". The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  121. ^ "Tamil Nadu reports widespread destruction of Banana crops after strong winds and rain hit coastal districts". All India Radio. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  122. ^ "Chennai braces for heatwave due to super cyclone Amphan, mercury breaches 40-degree mark". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  123. ^ "Fishermen hamlet reels under Amphan impact". The Hindu. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  124. ^ a b "Amphan: Kolkata devastated as cyclone kills scores in India and Bangladesh". BBC. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  125. ^ a b c d Roy, Pianki; Hasan, Rashidul; Alamgir, Mohiuddin (22 May 2020). "Amphan inflicts massive damage". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  126. ^ "Body of Cyclone Preparedness Programme leader recovered after boat capsize". The Daily Star. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  127. ^ Zargar, R. (20 May 2020). "Huge Cyclone Amphan slams into India's coast, and it's already a killer". CBS News. New Delhi, India. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  128. ^ Sud, Vedika; Rajaram, Prema (22 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan caused an estimated $13.2 billion in damage in India's West Bengal: government source". CNN. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  129. ^ a b "'Everything is gone': Cyclone Amphan destroys Bangladesh villages". Deccan Herald. Agence France-Presse. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  130. ^ Brokaw, Sommer (23 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan: West Bengal seeks Indian army's support". United Press International. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  131. ^ "Cyclone floods coastal districts of Bangladesh, damages thousands of homes". bdnews24.com. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  132. ^ "Bangladesh incurs loss worth $129 million due to Cyclone Amphan". TimesNowNews.com. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bennett Coleman & Company. Indo-Asian News Service. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  133. ^ a b c d Parvez, Sohel (22 May 2020). "Coastal farmers take the brunt". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  134. ^ Ali, Anwar (22 May 2020). "Mango growers hit hard by cyclone". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  135. ^ Ahamed, Shamim (21 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan disrupts telecoms connectivity amid power outages in Bangladesh". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  136. ^ "Heavy rains in South-west Sri Lanka due to 'AMPHAN'". TNLRN News Radio. News Radio. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  137. ^ a b "2 killed, over 2,000 affected by heavy rains in Sri Lanka". Colombo, Sri Lanka. Xinhua News Agency. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  138. ^ "Amphan 900km away from Sri Lanka, now Super Cyclonic Storm". EconomyNext. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  139. ^ Dema, Chimi (23 May 2020). "Incessant rainfall cause damage in Tsirang". Kuensel. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  140. ^ Tshedup, Younten (22 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan disrupts internet connectivity". Kuensel. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  141. ^ "Amphan spares Bhutan". Kuensel. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  142. ^ "In PM Modi's aerial survey of cyclone-hit Bengal, CM Mamata a co-traveller". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  143. ^ a b "PM Modi announces Rs 1,000 cr immediate relief for Cyclone Amphan-hit Bengal". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  144. ^ "PM Modi announces Rs 500 crore advance relief for cyclone-hit Odisha". Hindustan Times. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  145. ^ a b Regan, Helen; Westcott, Ben; Sud, Vedika; Suri, Manveena; Reynolds, Emma (20 May 2020). "Cyclone Amphan makes landfall in India and tracks for Kolkata". CNN. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  146. ^ a b Dutt, Ishita Ayan (23 May 2020). "After devastation from cyclone Amphan, Army deployed in West Bengal". Business Standard. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  147. ^ "Agitated mob obstructs telecom restoration work in Amphan-hit areas of West Bengal". Deccan Herald. Kolkata, India: The Printers. Press Trust of India. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  148. ^ "Cyclone Amphan wipes Tk 11bn off Bangladesh, government says". bdnews24.com. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  149. ^ "Brac allocates Tk3 crore for 6,000 households affected by cyclone Amphan". Dhaka Tribune. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Amphan.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Amphan&oldid=1258603276"