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Cosimo Fanzago

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cosimo Fanzago (Clusone, 12 October 1591 – Napoli, 13 February 1678) was an Italian architect and sculptor, generally considered the greatest such artist of the Baroque period in Naples, Italy.

Facade Santa Maria della Sapienza.

Biography

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Fanzago was born in Clusone (current Province of Bergamo) in a family of bronze-casters and architects. In 1608, after a short stay in Chieti, he moved to Naples. Here (according to what he wrote in 1612) he trained as a marble sculptor (maestro di scultura di marmo) and mason under the Tuscan sculptor Angelo Landi. His first important work was the sepulchre monument of Mario Carafa, a relative of Cardinal Carafa. His architectural debut was the design of San Giuseppe dei Vecchi a San Potito (completed 1669).

According to an essay about Fanzago's life by count Fogaccia, in Naples he obtained the support of the Benedictines, the Viceroy Duke of Medina, Prince Caracciolo and the Carthusians, and soon opened a workshop of his own.

Facade for S. Maria Egiziaca
Plan for S. Maria Egiziaca

Apparently he sympathised with Masaniello's revolt, and after the return of Royal authority, Fanzago was sentenced to death and had to flee to Rome, where he worked for a decade. He returned to Naples and designed the initial layout church of Santa Maria Egiziaca a Pizzofalcone (built 1651–1717). This church displays a Greek cross plan, and resembles a hybrid of contemporary Baroque masterpieces by Bernini (dome resembles Sant'Andrea al Quirinale) and Borromini (the plan resembles Sant'Agnese).[1]

He also designed the church of Santa Teresa a Chiaia. His last great church was Santa Maria Maggiore, built between 1653 and 1675. Fanzago died at an age of 87 years. One of his pupils was Lorenzo Vaccaro.

Main altar in Gesù Nuovo, Naples
Church of San Martino, nave.

Main works in Naples

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His works in Naples include:

  • Guglia di San Gennaro: a votive spire in honor of the patron saint of Naples.[2] It imitates the large portable ephemeral decorations common in religious processions
  • model for two other prominent spires, which he helped plan (at the Piazza del Gesù Nuovo and the Piazza San Domenico Maggiore).[2] It was a so-called "plague column"; that is, a spire built in thanks for having been spared from the recent epidemic.
Guglie (Spires) by Cosimo Fanzago in Naples
Guglia di San Domenico
Guglia di Gesù Nuovo
Guglia di San Gennaro

References

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  1. ^ Rudolf Wittkower, pages 303-4.
  2. ^ a b c d Acton, Harold (1957). The Bourbons of Naples (1731-1825). London: Faber and Faber. p. 5. ISBN 9780571249015.
  3. ^ Napoli, Nicholas (2012). "Artists, Patrons, and Trust in Seventeenth-Century Naples: The Case of the Certosa di San Martino". California Italian Studies. 3 (1). Retrieved 5 February 2014.
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