Copiapoa
Copiapoa | |
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Copiapoa humilis | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Cactaceae |
Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
Tribe: | Notocacteae |
Genus: | Copiapoa Britton & Rose |
Type species | |
Copiapoa marginata |
Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile.
Description
[edit]It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspecies.[1] The species in the genus Copiapoa forms dense cushions of hundreds of large individual plants or produce only solitary plants. The shoots are spherical or elongated-cylindrical. The spines, which are usually present, are variably shaped. On the apex, the species are usually densely woolly-haired. The ribs are clearly developed. These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green body. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers which grow from woolly crowns on the apex in summer. They are bell- to funnel-shaped and open during the day. The short, circular pericarp is glabrous. The flower tube is short and broad. The small, smooth fruits contain large, shiny black seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.
Species
[edit]Species of the genus Copiapoa according to Plants of the World Online As of January 2023[update][3] separated according to sections.[4][5]
Subgenus | Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Pilocopiapoa (F.Ritter) Doweld—Ritter | ![]() |
Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) |
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Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon | Chile (Atacama) | |
Unplaced | ![]() |
Copiapoa laui Diers | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) |
Mammillopoa Helmut Walter & Larridon | ![]() |
Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison | Chile (Antofagasta). |
Copiapoa sect. Cinerei | Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (W. & SW. Antofagasta). | |
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Copiapoa gigantea Backeb. | Chile (Antofagasta to N. Atacama) | |
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Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
Copiapoa sect. Copiapoa | Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | ||
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Copiapoa atacamensis Middled. | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | ||
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Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | ||
Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | ||
Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | ||
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Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
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Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | ||
Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama) | ||
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Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter | Chile. | |
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Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Atacama to NW. Coquimbo) | |
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Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama). | |
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Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
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Copiapoa montana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
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Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta). | |
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Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofaga to NW. Atacama). | |
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Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser | Chile (SW. Antofagasta). | |
Echinopoa Doweld | ![]() |
Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to Coquimbo) |
Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama) | ||
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Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb. | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Coquimbo) | ||
Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | ||
Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. | Chile (Atacama) | ||
Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter | Chile (Coquimbo) | ||
Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). |
See also
[edit]- Copiapó (the largest city of the Atacama region)
- Pan de Azúcar National Park
References
[edit]- ^ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
- ^ Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
- ^ "Copiapoa Britton & Rose - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity ofCopiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9). Wiley: 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26373974.
- ^ Kattermann, F (2018). "Molecular Study of the Genus Copiapoa (Cactaceae) Part I". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 90 (94): 284–294. doi:10.2985/015.090.0408 (inactive 31 January 2024).
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- From Caldera to Copiapo, a collection of images of various species
- Cactuspedia Copiapoa
- CactiGuide Copiapoa