City of Greater Manila
City of Greater Manila | |||||||||||||
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Chartered city of the Philippines | |||||||||||||
1942–1945 | |||||||||||||
![]() Location of the historical city of Greater Manila | |||||||||||||
Government | |||||||||||||
Mayor | |||||||||||||
• December 24, 1941 – January 26, 1942 | Jorge B. Vargas | ||||||||||||
• January 27, 1942 – July 17, 1944 | León Guinto | ||||||||||||
Historical era | World War II | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1 January 1942 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1 August 1945 | ||||||||||||
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Today part of | Metro Manila |
Greater Manila, officially the City of Greater Manila and sometimes referred to as the Greater Manila Area (GMA),[1] was a chartered city[2] that existed during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II. Governed by the Commonwealth of the Philippines, it served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the governor of Metro Manila—both established three decades later during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos.
Greater Manila was formed on January 1, 1942, by virtue of Executive Order No. 400 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon as an emergency measure. It was a merger of the cities of Manila and Quezon and the then-Rizal towns of Caloocan, Makati, Mandaluyong, Parañaque, Pasay, and San Juan.[2][3] Quezon City was also divided into two districts: Balintawak and Diliman, while Manila was divided into four districts: Bagumbuhay, Bagumpanahon, Bagumbayan, and Bagungdiwa. Caloocan, then undivided, included the Cocomo Island, which includes what is now San Rafael Village, Navotas, but excluded the now-reclaimed Dagat-dagatan Lagoon. Mandaluyong also included what is now the western portion of Pasig, west of the Marikina River, but excluded the Mandaloya Estate, which encompasses the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club and was part of Balintawak. The Sakura Heiyei military reservation, which included the Nichols Field (now part of Pasay), and the present-day eastern portion of Parañaque, were excluded.[4][5]
The city was headed by the mayor of Greater Manila. Jorge B. Vargas assumed the mayoralty post in December 1941, later appointing León Guinto as his successor in January 1942. The mayors of the constituent towns and cities became assistant mayors (equivalent to present-day vice mayors) within the consolidated city, all under the mayor of Greater Manila.[3][5] The city was also represented in the National Assembly of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic under the at-large district of Manila.
On July 26, 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, leading to the reduction of territories and the eventual dissolution of Greater Manila effective August 1. The cities and towns that were part of the city then regained their respective pre-war status.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Chapter I". Quezon City at 75 Resurgent & Resilient. Erehwon Artworld Corporation for the Local Government of Quezon City through the Communications Coordination Center. 2014. p. 69. ISBN 9789719566632.
- ^ a b Philippines (1942). "Chartered Cities". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. 1 (4): 200.
- ^ a b Executive Order No. 400, s. 1942 (January 1, 1942), Creating the City of Greater Manila, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, archived from the original on July 1, 2022, retrieved August 24, 2022
- ^ Map of the City of Manila (Map). 1:40,000. Division of Drafting and Surveys, Office of the City Engineer and Architect, City of Manila. 1942. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
- ^ a b "Historical Background". DENR - Environment Management Bureau - National Capital Region. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ^ Executive Order No. 58, s. 1945 (July 25, 1945), Reducing the Territory of the City of Greater Manila, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, archived from the original on March 8, 2023, retrieved August 24, 2022
- States and territories established in 1942
- States and territories disestablished in 1945
- Former cities in the Philippines
- History of Metro Manila
- Japanese occupation of the Philippines
- 1941 establishments in the Philippines
- Establishments by Philippine executive order
- 1945 disestablishments in the Philippines
- Manila in World War II