Charles Taylor (philosopher)

Charles Taylor CC GOQ FRSC FBA
Taylor in 2019
Born	Charles Margrave Taylor (1931-11-05) November 5, 1931 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Alma mater	McGill University Balliol College, Oxford
Notable work	Sources of the Self (1989) The Malaise of Modernity (1991) "The Politics of Recognition" (1992) A Secular Age (2007)
Spouses	Alba Romer Taylor ​ ​ (m. 1956; died 1990)​ Aube Billard ​ (m. 1995)​
Awards	Templeton Prize (2007) Kyoto Prize (2008) Kluge Prize (2015) Berggruen Prize (2016)
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy Canadian philosophy
School	Analytic philosophy (early) continental philosophy (hermeneutics) (late) communitarianism Hegelianism
Institutions	All Souls College, Oxford McGill University Northwestern University
Thesis	Explanation in Social Science (1961)
Doctoral advisor	Sir Isaiah Berlin
Doctoral students	Ruth Abbey Frederick C. Beiser Michael E. Rosen Michael J. Sandel
Other notable students	Richard Kearney Guy Laforest Daniel Weinstock
Main interests	Social philosophy political philosophy cosmopolitanism secularity religion modernity
Notable ideas	Communitarian critique of liberalism critique of naturalism and formalist epistemology engaged hermeneutics

Charles Margrave Taylor CC GOQ FRSC FBA (born November 5, 1931) is a Canadian philosopher from Montreal, Quebec, and professor emeritus at McGill University best known for his contributions to political philosophy, the philosophy of social science, the history of philosophy, and intellectual history. His work has earned him the Kyoto Prize, the Templeton Prize, the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy, and the John W. Kluge Prize.

In 2007, Taylor served with Gérard Bouchard on the Bouchard–Taylor Commission on reasonable accommodation with regard to cultural differences in the province of Quebec. He has also made contributions to moral philosophy, epistemology, hermeneutics, aesthetics, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of language, and the philosophy of action.

Biography

Charles Margrave Taylor was born in Montreal, Quebec, on November 5, 1931, to a Roman Catholic Francophone mother and a Protestant Anglophone father by whom he was raised bilingually. His father, Walter Margrave Taylor, was a steel magnate originally from Toronto while his mother, Simone Marguerite Beaubien, was a dressmaker. His sister was Gretta Chambers. He attended Selwyn House School from 1939 to 1946, followed by Trinity College School from 1946 to 1949, and began his undergraduate education at McGill University where he received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in history in 1952. He continued his studies at the University of Oxford, first as a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College, receiving a BA degree with first-class honours in philosophy, politics and economics in 1955, and then as a postgraduate student, receiving a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1961 under the supervision of Sir Isaiah Berlin. As an undergraduate student, he started one of the first campaigns to ban thermonuclear weapons in the United Kingdom in 1956, serving as the first president of the Oxford Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Recent research has explored Taylor's engagement with socialist politics during this time.

He succeeded John Plamenatz as Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at the University of Oxford and became a fellow of All Souls College.

For many years, both before and after Oxford, he was Professor of Political Science and Philosophy at McGill University in Montreal, where he is now professor emeritus. Taylor was also a Board of Trustees Professor of Law and Philosophy at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, for several years after his retirement from McGill.

Taylor was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1986. In 1991, Taylor was appointed to the Conseil de la langue française in the province of Quebec, at which point he critiqued Quebec's commercial sign laws. In 1995, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. In 2003, he was awarded the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council's Gold Medal for Achievement in Research, which had been the council's highest honour. He was awarded the 2007 Templeton Prize for progress towards research or discoveries about spiritual realities, which included a cash award of US$1.5 million.

In 2007 he and Gérard Bouchard were appointed to head a one-year commission of inquiry into what would constitute reasonable accommodation for minority cultures in his home province of Quebec.

In June 2008, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in the arts and philosophy category. The Kyoto Prize is sometimes referred to as the Japanese Nobel. In 2015, he was awarded the John W. Kluge Prize for Achievement in the Study of Humanity, a prize he shared with philosopher Jürgen Habermas. In 2016, he was awarded the inaugural $1-million Berggruen Prize for being "a thinker whose ideas are of broad significance for shaping human self-understanding and the advancement of humanity".

Views

Despite his extensive and diverse philosophical oeuvre, Taylor famously calls himself a "monomaniac," concerned with only one fundamental aspiration: to develop a convincing philosophical anthropology.

In order to understand Taylor's views, it is helpful to understand his philosophical background, especially his writings on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Taylor rejects naturalism and formalist epistemology. He is part of an influential intellectual tradition of Canadian idealism that includes John Watson, George Paxton Young, C. B. Macpherson, and George Grant.

In his essay "To Follow a Rule," Taylor explores why people can fail to follow rules, and what kind of knowledge it is that allows a person to successfully follow a rule, such as the arrow on a sign. The intellectualist tradition presupposes that to follow directions, we must know a set of propositions and premises about how to follow directions.

Taylor argues that Wittgenstein's solution is that all interpretation of rules draws upon a tacit background. This background is not more rules or premises, but what Wittgenstein calls "forms of life." More specifically, Wittgenstein says in the Philosophical Investigations that "Obeying a rule is a practice." Taylor situates the interpretation of rules within the practices that are incorporated into our bodies in the form of habits, dispositions and tendencies.

Following Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Michael Polanyi, and Wittgenstein, Taylor argues that it is mistaken to presuppose that our understanding of the world is primarily mediated by representations. It is only against an unarticulated background that representations can make sense to us. On occasion we do follow rules by explicitly representing them to ourselves, but Taylor reminds us that rules do not contain the principles of their own application: application requires that we draw on an unarticulated understanding or "sense of things" — the background.

Taylor's critique of naturalism

Taylor defines naturalism as a family of various, often quite diverse theories that all hold "the ambition to model the study of man on the natural sciences." Philosophically, naturalism was largely popularized and defended by the unity of science movement that was advanced by logical positivist philosophy. In many ways, Taylor's early philosophy springs from a critical reaction against the logical positivism and naturalism that was ascendant in Oxford while he was a student.

Initially, much of Taylor's philosophical work consisted of careful conceptual critiques of various naturalist research programs. This began with his 1964 dissertation The Explanation of Behaviour, which was a detailed and systematic criticism of the behaviourist psychology of B. F. Skinner that was highly influential at mid-century.

From there, Taylor also spread his critique to other disciplines. The essay "Interpretation and the Sciences of Man" was published in 1972 as a critique of the political science of the behavioural revolution advanced by giants of the field like David Easton, Robert Dahl, Gabriel Almond, and Sydney Verba. In an essay entitled "The Significance of Significance: The Case for Cognitive Psychology", Taylor criticized the naturalism he saw distorting the major research program that had replaced B. F. Skinner's behaviourism.

But Taylor also detected naturalism in fields where it was not immediately apparent. For example, in 1978's "Language and Human Nature" he found naturalist distortions in various modern "designative" theories of language, while in Sources of the Self (1989) he found both naturalist error and the deep moral, motivational sources for this outlook in various individualist and utilitarian conceptions of selfhood.

Taylor and hermeneutics

Taylor in 2012

Concurrent to Taylor's critique of naturalism was his development of an alternative. Indeed, Taylor's mature philosophy begins when as a doctoral student at Oxford he turned away, disappointed, from analytic philosophy in search of other philosophical resources which he found in French and German modern hermeneutics and phenomenology.

The hermeneutic tradition develops a view of human understanding and cognition as centred on the decipherment of meanings (as opposed to, say, foundational theories of brute verification or an apodictic rationalism). Taylor's own philosophical outlook can broadly and fairly be characterized as hermeneutic and has been called engaged hermeneutics. This is clear in his championing of the works of major figures within the hermeneutic tradition such as Wilhelm Dilthey, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Gadamer. It is also evident in his own original contributions to hermeneutic and interpretive theory.

Communitarian critique of liberalism

Taylor (as well as Alasdair MacIntyre, Michael Walzer, and Michael Sandel) is associated with a communitarian critique of liberal theory's understanding of the "self". Communitarians emphasize the importance of social institutions in the development of individual meaning and identity.

In his 1991 Massey Lecture The Malaise of Modernity, Taylor argued that political theorists—from John Locke and Thomas Hobbes to John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin—have neglected the way in which individuals arise within the context supplied by societies. A more realistic understanding of the "self" recognizes the social background against which life choices gain importance and meaning.

Philosophy and sociology of religion

Further information: A Secular Age and Secularity § Taylorian secularity

Taylor's later work has turned to the philosophy of religion, as evident in several pieces, including the lecture "A Catholic Modernity" and the short monograph "Varieties of Religion Today: William James Revisited".

Taylor's most significant contribution in this field to date is his book A Secular Age which argues against the secularization thesis of Max Weber, Steve Bruce, and others. In rough form, the secularization thesis holds that as modernity (a bundle of phenomena including science, technology, and rational forms of authority) progresses, religion gradually diminishes in influence. Taylor begins from the fact that the modern world has not seen the disappearance of religion but rather its diversification and in many places its growth. He then develops a complex alternative notion of what secularization actually means given that the secularization thesis has not been borne out. In the process, Taylor also greatly deepens his account of moral, political, and spiritual modernity that he had begun in Sources of the Self.

Politics

Taylor was a candidate for the social democratic New Democratic Party (NDP) in Mount Royal on three occasions in the 1960s, beginning with the 1962 federal election when he came in third behind Liberal Alan MacNaughton. He improved his standing in 1963, coming in second. Most famously, he also lost in the 1965 election to newcomer and future prime minister, Pierre Trudeau. This campaign garnered national attention. Taylor's fourth and final attempt to enter the House of Commons of Canada was in the 1968 federal election, when he came in second as an NDP candidate in the riding of Dollard. In 1994 he coedited a paper on human rights with Vitit Muntarbhorn in Thailand.

Taylor served as a vice president of the federal NDP (beginning c. 1965) and was president of its Quebec section.

In 2010, Taylor said multiculturalism was a work in progress that faced challenges. He identified tackling Islamophobia in Canada as the next challenge.

In his 2020 book Reconstructing Democracy he, together with Patrizia Nanz and Madeleine Beaubien Taylor, uses local examples to describe how democracies in transformation might be revitalized by involving citizenship.

Interlocutors

• Himani Bannerji: "Charles Taylor's Politics of Recognition: A Critique" (2000)
• Richard Rorty
• Bernard Williams
• Alasdair MacIntyre: critique of liberalism
• Will Kymlicka
• Martha Nussbaum
• Kwame Appiah
• Hubert Dreyfus: co-author
• Quentin Skinner
• Talal Asad
• Marcel Gauchet
• Arjun Appadurai: on the imaginary
• Paul Berman
• William E. Connolly
• Robert Bellah: on Taylor's A Secular Age
• John Milbank
• Stuart Hall
• Catherine Pickstock
• James Tully: on Taylor on "Deep Diversity"
• Jürgen Habermas: shared Kluge prize

Published works

Books

• The Explanation of Behaviour. Routledge Kegan Paul. 1964.
• The Pattern of Politics. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. 1970.
• Erklärung und Interpretation in den Wissenschaften vom Menschen (in German). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. 1975.
• Hegel. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1975.
• Hegel and Modern Society. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1979.

• Social Theory as Practice. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1983.
• Human Agency and Language. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1985.

• Philosophy and the Human Sciences. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 2. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1985.

• Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1989.

• The Malaise of Modernity. Concord, Ontario: House of Anansi Press. 1991.
• The Ethics of Authenticity. Harvard University Press. 1991.

• Multiculturalism and "The Politics of Recognition". Edited by Gutmann, Amy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1992.
• Rapprocher les solitudes: écrits sur le fédéralisme et le nationalisme au Canada [Reconciling the Solitudes: Writings on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism] (in French). Edited by Laforest, Guy. Sainte-Foy, Quebec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval. 1992.
  • English translation: Reconciling the Solitudes: Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism. Edited by Laforest, Guy. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 1993.
• Road to Democracy: Human Rights and Human Development in Thailand. With Muntarbhorn, Vitit. Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. 1994.
• Philosophical Arguments. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1995.

• Identitet, Frihet och Gemenskap: Politisk-Filosofiska Texter (in Swedish). Edited by Grimen, Harald. Gothenburg, Sweden: Daidalos. 1995.
• De politieke Cultuur van de Moderniteit (in Dutch). The Hague, Netherlands: Kok Agora. 1996.

• La liberté des modernes (in French). Translated by de Lara, Philippe. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 1997.
• A Catholic Modernity? Edited by Heft, James L. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999.
• Prizivanje gradjanskog drustva [Invoking Civil Society] (in Serbo-Croatian). Edited by Savic, Obrad.
• Wieviel Gemeinschaft braucht die Demokratie? Aufsätze zur politische Philosophie (in German). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. 2002.
• Varieties of Religion Today: William James Revisited. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2002.
• Modern Social Imaginaries. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. 2004.

• A Secular Age. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2007.

• Laïcité et liberté de conscience (in French). With Maclure, Jocelyn. Montreal: Boréal. 2010.
  • English translation: Secularism and Freedom of Conscience. With Maclure, Jocelyn. Translated by Todd, Jane Marie. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2011.
• Dilemmas and Connections: Selected Essays. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2011.

• Church and People: Disjunctions in a Secular Age. Edited with Casanova, José; McLean, George F. Washington: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. 2012.
• Democracia Republicana / Republican Democracy. Edited by Cristi, Renato; Tranjan, J. Ricardo. Santiago: LOM Ediciones. 2012.
• Boundaries of Toleration. Edited with Stepan, Alfred C. New York: Columbia University Press. 2014.
• Incanto e Disincanto. Secolarità e Laicità in Occidente (in Italian). Edited and translated by Costa, Paolo. Bologna, Italy: EDB. 2014.
• La Democrazia e i Suoi Dilemmi (in Italian). Edited and translated by Costa, Paolo. Parma, Italy: Diabasis. 2014.
• Les avenues de la foi : Entretiens avec Jonathan Guilbault (in French). Montreal: Novalis. 2015.

• • English translation: Avenues of Faith: Conversations with Jonathan Guilbault. Translated by Shalter, Yanette. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press. 2020.
• Retrieving Realism. With Dreyfus, Hubert. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2015.
• The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2016.
• Reconstructing Democracy. How Citizens Are Building from the Ground Up. With Nanz, Patrizia; Beaubien Taylor, Madeleine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2020
• Cosmic Connections: Poetry in the Age of Disenchantment. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2024.

Selected book chapters

• Taylor, Charles (1982). "The Diversity of Goods". In Sen, Amartya; Williams, Bernard (eds.). Utilitarianism and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 129–144. ISBN 9780511611964.

See also

• List of Canadian philosophers
• List of people from Montreal

References

Works cited

• Abbey, Ruth (2000). Charles Taylor. Abingdon, England: Routledge (published 2014). ISBN 978-1-317-49019-7.
•  ———  (2004). "Introduction: Timely Medications in an Untimely Mode – The Thought of Charles Taylor". In Abbey, Ruth (ed.). Charles Taylor. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–28. ISBN 978-0-511-16423-1.
•  ———  (2016). "Taylor, Charles (1931–)". In Shook, John R. (ed.). The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Philosophers in America: From 1600 to the Present. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 958ff. ISBN 978-1-4725-7056-7.
•  ———  (2017). "Taylor, Charles (1931– )". Dictionnaire de la Philosophie politique (in French). Encyclopædia Universalis. ISBN 978-2-341-00704-7.
•  ———  (2019). "Charles Taylor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
• Adam, Bassam (1997). Démocratie: Pluralisme, conflits et communauté chez Alain Touraine et Charles Taylor [Democracy: Pluralism, Conflicts, and Community in Alain Touraine and Charles Taylor] (PDF) (MA thesis) (in French). Quebec City, Quebec: Université Laval. ISBN 978-0-612-25474-9. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
• American Academy of Arts and Sciences. "T" (PDF). Book of Members, 1780–2012. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 533–552. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
• Ancelovici, Marcos; Dupuis-Déri, Francis (2001). "Charles Taylor". In Elliott, Anthony; Turner, Bryan S. (eds.). Profiles in Contemporary Social Theory. London: SAGE Publications. pp. 260–269. ISBN 978-0-7619-6589-3.
• Anctil, Pierre (2011). "Introduction". In Adelman, Howard; Anctil, Pierre (eds.). Religion, Culture, and the State: Reflections on the Bouchard–Taylor Report. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 3–15. ISBN 978-1-4426-1144-3.
• Apczynski, John V. (2014). "The Projects of Michael Polanyi and Charles Taylor" (PDF). Tradition and Discovery. 41 (1): 21–32. doi:10.5840/traddisc2014/20154115. ISSN 2154-1566.
• Beiser, Frederick (2005). Hegel. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-38392-4.
• Berlin, Isaiah (1994). "Introduction". In Tully, James (ed.). Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism: The Philosophy of Charles Taylor in Question. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-521-43742-4.
• Birnbaum, Pierre (2004). "Entre universalisme et multiculturalisme : le modèle français dans la théorie politique contemporaine" [Between Universalism and Multiculturalism: The French Model in Contemporary Political Theory] (PDF). In Dieckhoff, Alain (ed.). La constellation des appartenances : nationalisme, libéralisme et pluralisme [The Politics of Belonging: Nationalism, Liberalism, and Pluralism] (in French). Paris: Presses de Sciences Po. pp. 257–280. ISBN 978-2-7246-0932-5. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
• Bohmann, Ulf; Keding, Gesche; Rosa, Hartmut (2018). "Mapping Charles Taylor". Philosophy & Social Criticism. 44 (7): 725–733. doi:10.1177/0191453718779498. ISSN 0191-4537. S2CID 149711995.
• Bohmann, Ulf; Montero, Darío (2014). "History, Critique, Social Change and Democracy: An Interview with Charles Taylor". Constellations. 21 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12069. ISSN 1467-8675.
• Busacchi, Vinicio (2015). The Recognition Principle: A Philosophical Perspective Between Psychology, Sociology and Politics. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-7586-8.
• Calhoun, Craig (2012). "Craig Calhoun". In Nickel, Patricia Mooney (ed.). North American Critical Theory After Postmodernism: Contemporary Dialogues. Interviewed by Nickel, Patricia Mooney. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 62–87. ISBN 978-0-230-36927-6.
• Campbell, Anthony Edward Hugh (2017). Charles Taylor and the Place of the Transcendent in Secular Modern Lives (PhD thesis). Ottawa: Saint Paul University. doi:10.20381/ruor-20462.
• Campbell, Catherine Galko (2014). Persons, Identity, and Political Theory: A Defense of Rawlsian Political Identity. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7917-4. ISBN 978-94-007-7917-4.
• Fraser, Ian (2003). "Charles Taylor, Marx and Marxism". Political Studies. 51 (4): 759–774. doi:10.1111/j.0032-3217.2003.00457.x. ISSN 1467-9248. S2CID 144718851.
• Grene, Marjorie (1976). Philosophy in and out of Europe. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03121-0. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
• Laforest, Guy (2009). "The Internal Exile of Quebecers in the Canada of the Charter". In Kelly, James B.; Manfredi, Christopher P. (eds.). Contested Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Vancouver: UBC Press. pp. 251–262. ISBN 978-0-7748-1676-2.
• Lindholm, Charles (2007). "The Theory and History of Authenticity". hdl:2144/19839.
• Mason, Richard (1996). "Taylor, Charles Margrave". In Brown, Stuart; Collinson, Diané; Wilkinson, Robert (eds.). Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. London: Routledge. pp. 774–776. ISBN 978-0-415-06043-1.
• Mathien, Thomas; Grandy, Karen (2019). "Charles Taylor". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
• Meijer, Michiel (2017). "Human-Related, Not Human-Controlled: Charles Taylor on Ethics and Ontology". International Philosophical Quarterly. 57 (3): 267–285. doi:10.5840/ipq20173679. ISSN 0019-0365.
• Meszaros, Julia T. (2016). Selfless Love and Human Flourishing in Paul Tillich and Iris Murdoch. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198765868.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-876586-8.
• Meynell, Robert (2011). Canadian Idealism and the Philosophy of Freedom: C.B. Macpherson, George Grant and Charles Taylor. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-3798-9.
• Miller, David (2014). "Political Theory, Philosophy, and the Social Sciences: Five Chichele Professors". In Hood, Christopher; King, Desmond; Peele, Gillian (eds.). Forging a Discipline: A Critical Assessment of Oxford's Development of the Study of Politics and International Relations in Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 165ff. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682218.003.0009. ISBN 978-0-19-968221-8.
• Mukhopadhyay, Bhaskar (2005). "The Rumor of Globalization: Globalism, Counterworks and the Location of Commodity" (PDF). Dialectical Anthropology. 29 (1): 35–60. doi:10.1007/s10624-005-4172-0. ISSN 1573-0786. JSTOR 29790727. S2CID 144474627.
• Muntarbhorn, Vitit; Taylor, Charles (1994). Road to Democracy: Human Rights and Human Development in Thailand. Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development.
• Palma, Anthony Joseph (2014). Recognition of Diversity: Charles Taylor's Educational Thought (PhD thesis). Toronto: University of Toronto. hdl:1807/65711.
• Rodowick, D. N. (2015). Philosophy's Artful Conversation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-41667-3.
• Semko, Jesse Joseph Paul (2004). Isaiah Berlin and Charles Taylor on Johann Gottfried Herder: A Comparative Study (MA thesis). Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan. hdl:10388/etd-09152004-154002.
• Sheehan, Thomas (2017). "Review of Reimagining the Sacred: Richard Kearney Debates God, Edited by Richard Kearney and Jens Zimmerman". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy. 25 (2): 87–91. doi:10.5195/jffp.2017.826. ISSN 2155-1162.
• Smith, James K. A. (2014). How (Not) to Be Secular: Reading Charles Taylor. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-8028-6761-2.
• Smith, Nicholas H. (2002). Charles Taylor: Meaning, Morals and Modernity. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7456-6859-8.
•  ———  (2004). "Taylor and the Hermeneutic Tradition". In Abbey, Ruth (ed.). Charles Taylor. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 29–51. ISBN 978-0-511-16423-1.
• Taylor, Charles (1964). The Explanation of Behaviour. International Library of Philosophy and Scientific Method. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
•  ———  (1983). "The Significance of Significance: The Case for Cognitive Psychology". In Mitchell, Sollace; Rosen, Michael (eds.). The Need for Interpretation: Contemporary Conceptions of the Philosopher's Task. New Jersey: Humanities Press. pp. 141–169. ISBN 978-0-391-02825-8.
•  ———  (1985a) [1972]. "Interpretation and the Sciences of Man". In Taylor, Charles (ed.). Philosophy and the Human Sciences. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 2. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–57.
•  ———  (1985b). "Introduction". In Taylor, Charles (ed.). Human Agency and Language. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–12. ISBN 978-0-521-31750-4.
•  ———  (1985c) [1978]. "Language and Human Nature". In Taylor, Charles (ed.). Human Agency and Language. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–247. ISBN 978-0-521-31750-4.
•  ———  (1985d). "Self-Interpreting Animals". In Taylor, Charles (ed.). Human Agency and Language. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 1. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–76. ISBN 978-0-521-31750-4.
•  ———  (1992) [1991]. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-26863-0.
•  ———  (1995). "To Follow a Rule". Philosophical Arguments. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 165–180. ISBN 978-0-674-66477-7.
•  ———  (1999). Heft, James L. (ed.). A Catholic Modernity?. New York: Oxford University Press.
•  ———  (2002). Varieties of Religion Today: William James Revisited. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
•  ———  (2007). A Secular Age. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02676-6.
•  ———  (2016). The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-97027-4.
• Taylor, Charles; Nanz, Patrizia; Beaubien Taylor, Madeleine (2020). Reconstructing Democracy: How Citizens Are Building from the Ground Up. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24462-7.
• Van Aarde, Andries G. (2009). "Postsecular Spirituality, Engaged Hermeneutics, and Charles Taylor's Notion of Hypergoods". HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies. 65 (1): 209–216. doi:10.4102/hts.v65i1.166. hdl:2263/13015. ISSN 2072-8050.
• Weinstock, Daniel (2013). "So, Are You Still a Philosopher?" (PDF). The Trudeau Foundation Papers. Vol. 5. Montreal: Trudeau Foundation. pp. 125–150. ISBN 978-2-924202-06-7. Retrieved December 1, 2019.

Further reading

• Barrie, John A. (1996). "Probing Modernity". Quadrant. Vol. 40, no. 5. pp. 82–83. ISSN 0033-5002.
• Blakely, Jason (2016). Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism: Reunifying Political Theory and Social Science. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-10064-3.
• Braak, Andre van der. Reimagining Zen in a Secular age: Charles Taylor and Zen Buddhism in the West (Brill Rodopi, 2020) online review
• Gagnon, Bernard (2002). La philosophie morale et politique de Charles Taylor [The Moral and Political Philosophy of Charles Taylor] (in French). Quebec City, Quebec: Presses de l'Université Laval. ISBN 978-2-7637-7866-2. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
• Lehman, Glen (2015). Charles Taylor's Ecological Conversations: Politics, Commonalities and the Natural Environment. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-52478-2.
• McKenzie, Germán (2017). Interpreting Charles Taylor's Social Theory on Religion and Secularization. Sophia Studies in Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures. Vol. 20. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47700-8. ISBN 978-3-319-47698-8. ISSN 2211-1107.
• Meijer, Michiel (2018). Charles Taylor's Doctrine of Strong Evaluation: Ethics and Ontology in a Scientific Age. London: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-78660-400-2.
• Perreau-Saussine, Émile (2005). "Une spiritualité libérale? Alasdair MacIntyre et Charles Taylor en conversation" [A Liberal Spirituality? Alasdair MacIntyre and Charles Taylor in Conversation] (PDF). Revue Française de Science Politique (in French). 55 (2). Presses de Sciences Po.: 299–315. doi:10.3917/rfsp.552.0299. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
• Redhead, Mark (2002). Charles Taylor: Thinking and Living Deep Diversity. Twentieth-Century Political Thinkers. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2126-1.
• Skinner, Quentin (1991). "Who Are 'We'? Ambiguities of the Modern Self". Inquiry. 34 (2): 133–153. doi:10.1080/00201749108602249.
• Svetelj, Tone (2012). Rereading Modernity: Charles Taylor on Its Genesis and Prospects (PhD thesis). Chestnut Hills, Massachusetts: Boston College. hdl:2345/3853.
• Temelini, Michael (2014). "Dialogical Approaches to Struggles over Recognition and Distribution". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. 17 (4): 423–447. doi:10.1080/13698230.2013.763517. ISSN 1743-8772. S2CID 144378936.

External links

• A comprehensive bibliography that includes all of Taylor's works as well as secondary literature on Taylor's philosophy, interviews, media, and resources.
• A wide-ranging interview with Charles Taylor, including Taylor's thoughts about his own intellectual development.
• An Interview with Charles Taylor Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3
• The Immanent Frame a blog with posts by Taylor, Robert Bellah, and others concerning Taylor's book A Secular Age
• Text of Taylor's essay "Overcoming Epistemology"
• Links to secondary sources, reviews of Taylor's works, reading notes
• Lecture notes to Charles Taylor's talk on Religion and Violence (with a link to the audio) Nov 2004
• Lecture notes to Charles Taylor's talk on 'An End to Mediational Epistemology', Nov 2004
• Study guide to Philosophical Arguments and Philosophical Papers 2
• Templeton Prize announcement
• Short essay by Dene Baker, philosophers.co.uk
• Taylor's famous essay The Politics of Recognition Archived 2017-08-09 at the Wayback Machine
• Charles Taylor on McGill Yearbook when he graduated in 1952

Online videos of Charles Taylor

• Berggruen Prize Winner Charles Taylor on the Big Questions; series of videos produced by the Berggruen Institute
• Can Human Action Be Explained?; Charles Taylor gives a lecture at Columbia University
• A Political Ethic of Solidarity on YouTube; Charles Taylor gives a lecture on a future politics self-consciously based on differing views and foundations in Milan
• "Spiritual Forgetting" on YouTube; Charles Taylor at awarding of Templeton Prize
• (in French) «La religion dans la Cité des modernes : un divorce sans issue?» (14/10/2006); Charles Taylor and Pierre Manent, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal, «Les grandes conférences Argument».