Battle of Ash-Shihr (1523)
Battle of Ash-Shihr | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Strength | |||||||
8 ships.[3] 6 galleons.[2] 400-700 soldiers[3] | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | 480+ killed |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Battle_of_Ash-Shihr.png/220px-Battle_of_Ash-Shihr.png)
The Battle of Ash-Shihr was an attack launched by the Portuguese navy in 1523 on the city of Ash-Shihr which was a part of the Kathiri Sultanate.[4]
In Thursday, February 28, 1523 (10 of the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 929 AH), the Portuguese governor of India, Dom Duarte de Meneses, dispatched his brother, Dom Luís de Meneses, to the Red Sea with a force of 6 galleons. Dom Luís was tasked with delivering an ambassador to the Christian Emperor of Ethiopia and hunting hostile Muslim trade ships sailing between the Indian Ocean and Jeddah.[2] Along the way, he called at the city of Ash-Shihr.
After claiming that the property of a Portuguese merchant who had died in al-Shiḥr had been unlawfully seized by the Kathīrī sultan, Dom Luís ordered the assault of the city.[5] It was then successfully attacked and sacked while the inhabitants fled. Shihr was further plundered by the settlement's garrison, and by vagrants.[6] The city's defenders attempted to face them on the beaches, but they were routed and the emir Mutran b. Mansur was killed in battle with a bullet.[6] The battle continued for three days between the people of the city of Al-Shihr and the Portuguese forces.
Seven of Ash-Shihr's legal scholars and learned men were killed by the Portuguese. These men would collectively come to be a known as “The Seven Martyrs of al-Shiḥr” and whose tomb would become the site of an annual pilgrimage.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "When Melodies Gather: The Mahra, the Āl Kathīr, and the Portuguese (1495 CE - 1548 CE)". When Melodies Gather: Oral Art of the Mahra. Standford University Press. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ a b c d Saturnino Monteiro: Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa Volume II, 1522-1538, 1991, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora Cite error: The named reference "monteiro" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b R. B. Serjeant: The Portuguese Off the South Arabian Coast. Hadrami Chronicles, 1974, Oxford University Press, pp. 171-172.
- ^ Luiz, Francisco de San (1875). Obras completas do Cardeal Saraiva d. Francisco de S. Luiz Patriarcha de Lisboa: Precedidas de uma introducção pelo Marquez de Rezende. Publicadas por Antonio Correia Caldeira (in Brazilian Portuguese). National Press.
- ^ "When Melodies Gather: The Mahra, the Āl Kathīr, and the Portuguese (1495 CE - 1548 CE)". When Melodies Gather: Oral Art of the Mahra. Standford University Press. Retrieved 2024-08-17.
- ^ a b João de Barros: Da Ásia, III, II, Regia Officina Typpographica, 1779 edition, pp. 206-209.
- ^ "When Melodies Gather: The Mahra, the Āl Kathīr, and the Portuguese (1495 CE - 1548 CE)". When Melodies Gather: Oral Art of the Mahra. Standford University Press. Retrieved 2024-08-17.