Amos Nur
Amos Nur | |
|---|---|
 Nur in 2023 | |
| Born | February 9, 1938 |
| Died | June 11, 2024 (aged 86) |
| Citizenship | American |
| Alma mater | |
| Known for |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Institutions | Stanford University |
Amos Nur (February 9, 1938 – June 11, 2024) was a well known American geophysicist and professor emeritus at Stanford University in California, who grew up and was educated in Israel.
Nur is considered one of the leading academic authorities in the world of rock physics.[1] He applied the results of rock physics to understanding tectonophysical processes in the earth's crust, the main of which is the role of fluids in the processes occurring in the crust and in energy resources.[2][3] Nur pioneered the use of seismic velocity measurements to characterize the changing state of oil and gas reservoirs, where the volume of fluid in the rock changes during pumping.[2] The process was named "Four-Dimensional Seismic Monitoring".[4] He has published over 240 articles[1][2] and mentored dozens of doctoral and master's degree candidates.[1][2] Nur was in the Geophysics department at Stanford University from 1970 until his retirement in 2008, and he remained associated with the school as professor emeritus. After his retirement, Nur joined Ingrain, a company he helped found in 2007, where he was Chief Technology Officer.[2]
Early life and pre Stanford education
[edit]Nur was born in Haifa, Israel and studied at the Hebrew Reali High School in the city. As part of his military service, he served as an officer in the paratrooper brigade. In 1962 he completed his studies for a B.Sc degree in geology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He studied for a short period with Fritz Gassmann in Switzerland,[2] and went on to doctoral studies in the Department of Geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT in the United States, which he completed in 1969.[1][5]
Academic career
[edit]Already as a young graduate student at MIT, Nur made discoveries that would have a significant impact. He was among the first to perform an experiment by which he explained anisotropy (shear wave splitting) caused by pressure in rocks.[2] His work on the elastic properties of fractured rock forms a large part of the experimental and theoretical basis for modern methods for locating and mapping seismic fractures. He was among the first to experimentally see that seismic velocity is sensitive to effective pressure and fluid saturation,[6][5][2] phenomena that became the "cornerstones" of the discovery and seismic monitoring of oil and other hydrocarbon reservoirs.[2][1]
When Nur joined the Department of Geophysics, he founded the "Stanford Rock Physics and Borehole Geophysics (SRB)" project there,[7][2] one of the earliest university-industry consortiums in the country, and one that would become a model for fruitful collaboration between academia and the oil industry.[5][2] Under his leadership, the SRB project became a leading center for research and development in rock physics experiments, theory and application.[1] Since SRB's inception, Nur and his nearly 100 PhD and MSc students have developed and established rock physics as a mature technology essential for exploration, reservoir characterization and time-lapse monitoring.[2] In fact, Nur was the first to propose the principles of rock physics for 4D seismic monitoring of oil and gas production.[2][4] He quantitatively demonstrated how stresses affect the distribution of fractures and how these affect the anisotropy. This has been the laboratory and theoretical basis of almost all modern seismic methods for characterization of fractures.
During the 1970s, he proposed dilatation-diffusion as the mechanism underlying the unusual VP/VS relationships observed before some earthquakes, which gave rise to enormous debates and dozens of papers.[8][2]
In 1976 he was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and in 1980 a fellow of the Geological Society of America. In 2001 he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. In 1996 he was awarded honorary membership of SEG 1996.[1] His ideas on block rotation tectonics led to a better understanding of stress relations in complex environments between plates.[9][2]
Nur became a full professor at Stanford in 1979 and held the Wayne Loel Professorship in Earth Sciences from 1988 until his retirement.[10][1] He served as Chair of the Geophysics Department, and as Director of Stanford's university- wide Overseas Studies Program.[2]
His documentary "The Fall of the Walls - Earthquakes in the Holy Land", combined geophysical, archaeological and biblical evidence to explore the impact of large earthquakes on ancient and modern societies.[11][12][2] He expanded on this matter in the book he wrote called "Apocalypse".[13] Chapter 7 of it focuses on the earthquakes throughout history in the Land of Israel.[14] Additional studies that he conducted, dealt with the earthquakes that occurred in the Land of Israel throughout history.[15] For a video that dealt with the earthquakes in the Holy Land, in 1991 he won the Silver Apple Award from the National Festival in the United States for Educational Films and Videos.[16]
He has also lectured widely on “Oil and War” and the risks associated with growing global competition for energy.[2]
Main roles in academic administration
[edit]- 1985–1991 and 1997–2000 – Chair of the Geophysics Department, Stanford University[1][2]
- 2000–2005 – Director of Stanford's university- wide Overseas Studies Program[1][2]
- 1997–2004 – Director of the Stanford Rock Physics and Borehole Geophysics (SRB) project[1][5][7]
Awards and honors
[edit]- 1974 – American Geophysical Union’s Macelwane Medal[1][2]
- 1975 – Newcomb Cleveland Prize, American Association for the Advancement of Science[17]
- 1976 – Fellow of American Geophysical Union[2]
- 1980 – Fellow of the Geological Society of America[2]
- 1990 – Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences[1][2]
- 1991 – Winner of the Silver Apple Award for physical sciences at the National Educational Film Festival[16]
- 1997 – SEG (Society of Exploration Geophysics) Distinguished Lecturer[18]
- 1998 – AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists) Distinguished Lecturer[18]
- 2001 – member of the National Academy of Engineering[1][2]
- 2011 – the Ewing Medal from the Society of Exploration Geophysics[1][2]
- 2013 – honorary doctorate at University of Haifa, Israel[1][5]
External links
[edit]- Amos Nur in the academia.edu website
- Amos Nur in the ReseachGate website
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Myers, Andrew (July 30, 2024). "Amos Nur, rock physics pioneer, has died". Stanford University - School of Sustainability.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Mavko, Gary. "Amos Nur: Early years and education". SEG - Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
- ^ See the note in the "talk" page of this article, about the necessity of using the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) website as a reliable source.
- ^ a b Amos Nur. "Four-dimensional seismology and (true) direct detection of hydrocarbons; the petrophysical basis". The Leading Edge (1989) 8 (9): 30–36.
- ^ a b c d e "Professor Amos Noor - one of the top geophysicists in the world" (PDF). University of Haifa, June 2, 2013 (in Hebrew).
- ^ De-hua Han and Michael L. Batzle (March–April 2004). "Gassmann's Equation and Fluid-Saturation Effects on Seismic Velocities". Geophysics, VOL. 69, NO. 2 2004; pp. 398–405.
- ^ a b "Stanford Rock Physics and Borehole Geophysics (SRB)". Stanford University - School of Earth Sciences.
- ^ Amos Nur, Gene Simmons (1969). "The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 7; pp. 183-193". Elsevier. Cited by 388 articles.
- ^ H. Ron; R. Freund; Z. Garfunkel; A. Nur. "Block Rotation by Strike-Slip Faulting: Structural and Paleomagnetic Evidence, Journal of Geophisical Research, 89, pp. 6256-6270,. Cited by 419 articles" (PDF). The Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
- ^ Department of Classics School of Humanities and Sciences (January 13, 2017). "Amos Nur (Stanford) - Earthquakes and Archaeology: The Catastrophic End of the Bronze Age in 1200 BC". Stanford University.
- ^ Stanford University News Service. "The Walls Came Tumbling Down -- Earthquakes in the Holy Land". WayBackMachine.
- ^ Nur, Amos. "And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: Old Testament Writings of Doom and Destruction are Now Providing Researchers with a Record of Earthquakes Spanning 4000 Years". News Scientist, 6 July 1991.
- ^ Amos Nur and Dawn Burgess. "Apocalypse: Earthquakes, Archaeology, and the Wrath of God. Princeton University Press 2008, 328 pages". De Gruyter.
- ^ Amos Nur and Dawn Burgess. "Chapter 7 Expanding the Earthquake Record in the Holy Land". De Gruyter.
- ^ למשל: Ben Menahem, A., Nur, A., Vered, M., 1976. Tectonics, Seismicity and Structure of the Afro-Euroasian Junction-the Breaking of the Incoherent Plate. Phys. Earth Planet Interiors, 12: pp. 1-50; Nur, A., Ron, H., Tal, D., 1989. Earthquakes Parameters Infered from Archaeological Evidence. Isr.Geol. Soc., pp. 116-117
- ^ a b Earthquakes in the Holy Land. Video Cassette, Stanford University.
- ^ "For Origin of Velocity Changes before Earthquakes: The Dilatancy Diffusion Hypothesis and Its Confirmation" (from the Newcomb Cleveland Prize Wikipedia article, 1974).
- ^ a b "Professor Amos Nur". Emerals Energy - Resources Limited.