Albert Dunstan

The Honourable
Sir Albert Dunstan
KCMG
The Honourable Sir Albert Dunstan KCMG
33rd Premier of Victoria
	In office; 2 April 1935 – 14 September 1943
Monarchs	George V; Edward VIII; George VI
Preceded by	Stanley Argyle
Succeeded by	John Cain Sr.
	In office; 18 September 1943 – 2 October 1945
Monarch	George VI
Preceded by	John Cain Sr.
Succeeded by	Ian Macfarlan
3rd Deputy Premier of Victoria
	In office; 15 March 1935 – 20 March 1935
Premier	Sir Stanley Argyle
Preceded by	Ian Macfarlan
Succeeded by	Wilfrid Kent Hughes
Personal details
Born	26 July 1882; Donald, Victoria, Australia
Died	14 April 1950 (aged 67); Camberwell, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Political party	Victorian Farmers Union; Country Party of Australia
Spouse	Jessie Gerard Chisholm (m. 1911)
Occupation	Farmer

Sir Albert Arthur Dunstan, KCMG (26 July 1882 – 14 April 1950) was an Australian politician who served as the 33rd premier of Victoria from 1935 to 1943 and from 1943 to 1945 and as the third deputy premier of Victoria for five days in March 1935. A member of the Country Party, now the National Party, his term as premier was the second-longest in the state's history and the longest of any third-party premier. He was the first person to hold the office of premier in its own right, and not an additional duty taken up by the Treasurer, Attorney-General or Chief Secretary.

Early life

Dunstan was born on 26 July 1882 at Donald East, a rural locality in the Mallee region of the colony of Victoria. He was the tenth son and thirteenth child born to Sarah (née Briggs) and Thomas Dunstan. His parents were immigrants from England, his father born in Cornwall and his mother in Norfolk.^[1]

Dunstan was educated at the local state school, leaving at a young age to work on the family's selection at Cope Cope where they grew wheat. In 1907 he moved to Queensland where he took up a "pioneer block" at Jondaryan, living in a tent. He returned to Victoria in 1909 and farmed at Goschen near Swan Hill. He later farmed at Kaneira, before establishing a sheep property at Kamarooka in 1918; he and his family lived in nearby Bendigo.^[1]

Politics

Dunstan joined the Kaneira branch of the Victorian Farmers' Union (VFU) in 1916. After moving to Bendigo he joined the local branch and was endorsed as the union's candidate for the seat of Eaglehawk at the 1920 state election. He defeated incumbent Australian Labor Party MP Tom Tunnecliffe and subsequently joined the VFU's parliamentary party, which later evolved into the Country Party.^[1]

At a time when the Country Party held the balance of power in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, Dunstan emerged as a leader of the party's radical wing. In 1921, he voted in favour of a no-confidence motion against Harry Lawson's Nationalist government, despite party leader John Allan's support of Lawson. Allan subsequently led the Country Party into a coalition government with the Nationalists under Lawson and Alexander Peacock, with Dunstan not receiving ministerial office.^[1]

In 1926, Dunstan and federal MP Percy Stewart led a breakaway from the Country Party, forming the Country Progressive Party (CPP). He was re-elected as a CPP candidate at the 1927 state election, along with three others. The parties reunited in 1930 as the United Country Party (UCP), with Dunstan as deputy leader under Allan.^[1]

Dunstan was the third Deputy Premier of Victoria, serving for five days under premier Sir Stanley Argyle in March 1935.^[2] Dunstan became Premier of Victoria when he and the Country Party unexpectedly withdrew his party's support for the Argyle Government.

Premier

Argyle had fought the March 1935 election with an improving economy, a record of sound, if unimaginative, management. With the Labor Party opposition still divided and demoralised, he was rewarded with a second comfortable majority, his United Australia Party winning 25 seats and the Country Party 20, while Labor won only 17. But at this point he was unexpectedly betrayed by his erstwhile Country Party allies. Dunstan was a close friend of the gambling boss John Wren, who was also very close to the Labor leader Tom Tunnecliffe (in the view of most historians, Tunnecliffe was, in fact, under Wren's control)^{[citation needed]}. Wren, aided by the Victorian Labor Party president, Arthur Calwell, persuaded Dunstan to break off the coalition with Argyle and form a minority Country Party government, which Labor would support in return for some policy concessions. Dunstan agreed to this deal, and on 28 March 1935 he moved a successful no-confidence vote in the government from which he had just resigned.

When the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General Lou Bussau resigned in 1938, Henry Bailey became Attorney-General while Dunstan added the portfolio of Solicitor-General to his offices of Premier and Treasurer.^[3]

The UAP (and later its successor the Liberal Party) never forgave the Country Party for this treachery. Henry Bolte, later Victoria's longest-serving premier, was 27 in 1935, and Dunstan's betrayal of Argyle lay behind his lifelong and intense dislike of the Country Party, whom he called "political prostitutes".

On 14 September 1943, Dunstan resigned when his government lost a vote of no confidence in the Victorian Legislative Assembly on the issue of electoral redistribution.^[1]^[4] For the next four days, Labor formed minority government with John Cain Sr. as Premier. On 15 September, the Cain government was defeated in the Legislative Assembly. Cain's motion to adjourn the parliament for over a week was defeated by the Country Party and the UAP, and Dunstan moved that Parliament resume the next day, giving notice that he would move a motion of no confidence against Cain's government, confident it would be carried by the CP–UAP alliance.^[5] Cain indicated that he would request a dissolution of parliament from the Governor, but if his request was refused, he would resign as Premier.^[6] On 17 September, Cain visited the Governor who refused his request for a dissolution, Cain then resigned and the Governor commissioned Dunstan to form a coalition government with the UAP, which was sworn in on Saturday 18 September.^[7]^[8]

Defeat and aftermath

At the end of September 1945, the Dunstan government was defeated in the Legislative Assembly, when it voted to refuse Supply to his government. Five Liberal Party (successor of the UAP) members, two Country Party members and one Independent voted with the Labor Opposition, on the grounds of dissatisfaction with the government's legislative program and opposition to Dunstan's leadership.^[9] When it became clear that the Assembly would not grant Supply to the Dunstan Ministry, the Governor commissioned Ian Macfarlan, who was the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, as Premier on 2 October, ending Dunstan's term as Premier.

Dunstan resigned as leader of the Country Party after the 1945 state election, which saw the ALP make significant gains. He was succeeded by John McDonald. At McDonald's insistence, he returned to the ministry following the 1947 state election, which saw a Liberal–Country coalition government headed by Thomas Hollway. He was appointed Minister for Health, but served only until the coalition collapsed in November 1948.^[1]

Personal life

In 1911, Dunstan married Jessie Chisholm, with whom he had six children. The family lived in Bendigo until 1943, when they moved to Melbourne. He died of coronary vascular disease at his home in Camberwell on 14 April 1950, aged 67.^[1]

Legacy

A statue of Sir Albert Dunstan can be found at Treasury Place, East Melbourne. It is one of four statues in Premier's Lane honouring the longest-serving premiers of Victoria.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Dunstan, Sir Albert Arthur (1882 - 1950)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
^ "Sir Albert Arthur Dunstan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
^ "Appointment Solicitor-General Albert Dunstan". Victoria Government Gazette. Victorian Government Printer. 22 April 1938. p. 1938:1315.
^ Murray, Robert; White, Kate (1993). "Cain, John (1882–1957)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 13. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.
^ "CAIN MINISTRY DEFEATED". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 16 September 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
^ "SHORT LIFE". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 16 September 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
^ "DISSOLUTION REFUSED". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 18 September 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
^ "Dunstan, Sir Albert Arthur (1882 - 1950)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
^ Wright, R. "Macfarlan, Ian (1881–1964)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.

External links

History of the Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Victoria. Accessed 24 March 2006.
"Victoria's Longest-Serving Premiers Honoured", media release from the Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Victoria, 9 December 1999.

Victorian Legislative Assembly
Preceded by Tom Tunnecliffe	Member for Eaglehawk 1920–1927	District abolished
New district	Member for Korong and Eaglehawk 1927–1945	District abolished
New district	Member for Korong 1945–1950	Succeeded by Keith Turnbull
Political offices
Preceded by Stanley Argyle	Premier of Victoria 1935–1943	Succeeded by John Cain
Preceded by John Cain	Premier of Victoria 1943–1945	Succeeded by Ian Macfarlan
Preceded by Bill Barry	Minister for Health 1947–1948	Succeeded by Trevor Oldham
Party political offices
Preceded by Murray Bourchier	Leader of the Country Party in Victoria 1935–1945	Succeeded by John McDonald

[audb-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Dunstan, Sir Albert Arthur (1882 - 1950)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 13 January 2011.

[2] "Sir Albert Arthur Dunstan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2022.

[gazette_1938_1315-3] "Appointment Solicitor-General Albert Dunstan". Victoria Government Gazette. Victorian Government Printer. 22 April 1938. p. 1938:1315.

[4] Murray, Robert; White, Kate (1993). "Cain, John (1882–1957)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 13. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.

[5] "CAIN MINISTRY DEFEATED". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 16 September 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[6] "SHORT LIFE". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 16 September 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[7] "DISSOLUTION REFUSED". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 18 September 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

[8] "Dunstan, Sir Albert Arthur (1882 - 1950)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 13 January 2011.

[9] Wright, R. "Macfarlan, Ian (1881–1964)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.

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