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1983 Finnish parliamentary election

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1983 Finnish parliamentary election

← 1979 20–21 March 1983 1987 →

All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland
101 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Kalevi Sorsa Ilkka Suominen Paavo Väyrynen
Party SDP National Coalition CentreLiberal
Last election 23.89%, 52 seats 21.65%, 47 seats 20.97%, 40 seats
Seats won 57 44 38
Seat change Increase 5 Decrease 3 Decrease 2
Popular vote 795,953 659,078 525,207
Percentage 26.71% 22.12% 17.63%
Swing Increase 2.82pp Increase 0.47pp Decrease 3.37pp

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Kalevi Kivistö Pekka Vennamo Pär Stenbäck
Party SKDL Rural Party RKP
Last election 17.90%, 35 seats 4.58%, 7 seats 4.23%, 9 seats
Seats won 26 17 10
Seat change Decrease 9 Increase 10 Increase 1
Popular vote 400,930 288,711 137,423
Percentage 13.46% 9.69% 4.61%
Swing Decrease 4.44pp Increase 5.11pp Increase 0.38pp

  Seventh party
 
Leader Esko Almgren
Party Christian League
Last election 4.78%, 9 seats
Seats won 3
Seat change Decrease 6
Popular vote 90,410
Percentage 3.03%
Swing Decrease 1.75pp

Prime Minister before election

Kalevi Sorsa
SDP

Prime Minister after election

Kalevi Sorsa
SDP

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 20 and 21 March 1983.[1][2] The elections were widely regarded as a "protest election" because, contrary to expectations, the major parties with the exception of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) performed poorly; the Liberal People's Party (LKP) lost all its seats in the Eduskunta, while the Finnish Rural Party (SMP) more than doubled its seat tally and the Greens won seats for the first time. The SMP's success was credited, at least in part, to voter distaste for some mainstream parties because of political scandals; no significant policy differences emerged in the election campaign. The SDP won 57 seats, the best performance by a party since World War II.

Background

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As was customary in Finland after a presidential election, the government resigned after Mauno Koivisto's victory in the presidential elections in January 1982. It was re-formed the next month with the same four-party coalition; the SDP, the Centre Party (Kesk), the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL) and the Swedish People's Party (SFP); and many of the same ministers, with veteran SDP politician Kalevi Sorsa as Prime Minister. Two devaluations in October 1982, amounting to a 10% fall in the value of the markka, caused complaints by the SKDL that low-income groups were the main victims of this measure designed to enhance Finnish competitiveness abroad. The cabinet was dissolved by Sorsa at the end of the year after the SKDL ministers refused to support a government defense proposal. Asked immediately by the president to form a new government, Sorsa did so, but with the LKP taking the place of the SKDL. The government's slender majority of 103 votes in the Eduskunta was not an important handicap, for new elections were scheduled for March 1983.

Results

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Democratic Party795,95326.7157+5
National Coalition Party659,07822.1244–3
Centre PartyLiberal People's Party525,20717.6338–2
Finnish People's Democratic League400,93013.4626–9
Finnish Rural Party288,7119.6917+10
Swedish People's Party137,4234.6110+1
Finnish Christian League90,4103.033–6
Greens43,7541.472New
Constitutional Right Party11,1040.371+1
Åland Coalition9,4580.3210
League for Civil Democracy2,3350.080New
Others15,3310.511+1
Total2,979,694100.002000
Valid votes2,979,69499.56
Invalid/blank votes13,2760.44
Total votes2,992,970100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,951,93275.73
Source: Tilastokeskus,[3] Vihreän liiton[4]

By electoral district

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Electoral district Total
seats
Seats won
SDP Kok KeskLKP SKDL SMP RKP SKL Vihr POP ÅS Others
Åland 1 1
Central Finland 10 3 2 3 2
Häme 15 5 5 2 2 1
Helsinki 20 6 6 1 2 1 2 1 1
Kymi 14 6 3 2 1 1 1
Lapland 8 1 1 4 1 1
North Karelia 7 3 1 2 1
North Savo 10 2 1 3 2 2
Oulu 18 3 2 7 4 2
Pirkanmaa 13 4 4 1 3 1
Satakunta 13 4 3 2 2 2
South Savo 9 3 2 2 1 1
Uusima 27 9 7 1 3 2 3 1 1
Vaasa 18 3 3 6 1 1 4
Varsinais-Suomi 17 5 4 2 3 2 1
Total 200 57 44 38 26 17 10 3 2 1 1 1
Source: Statistics Finland[5]

Aftermath

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Seven weeks of negotiations led to the formation of a four-party coalition composed of the old standbys, the SDP, Kesk, the SFP, and, for the first time, the SMP. The SMP was given the portfolios for taxation (Deputy Minister of Finance) and for labor, with the aim of taming it through ministerial responsibility. Because the government, led by the SDP's Sorsa, had the support of only 122 votes out of 200, rather than the 134 needed to ensure the passage of much economic legislation, it might not have been expected to last long. However, it distinguished itself, however, by being the first cabinet since World War II to serve out a full term. Its survival until the March 1987 elections was an indication of a newly won stability in Finnish politics.

The Sorsa cabinet stressed the continuation of traditional Finnish foreign policy, the expansion of trade with the West to counter what some saw as too great dependence on Soviet trade, and the adoption of measures to reduce inflation. The economic measures of the government were stringent and fiscally conservative. Public awareness of the necessity of a small exporting nation's remaining competitive allowed the adoption of frugal policies. The 1984 biannual incomes policy arrangement was also modest in its scope. The rival demands for the one for 1986 were less so, however, and President Koivisto had to intervene to ease hard negotiations. One segment of the work force, civil servants, won a large pay increase for itself after a seven-week strike in the spring of 1986. The government also brought inflation down from the double-digit levels of the early 1980s, but it was less successful in lowering unemployment, which remained steady at about 7 percent.

Although the government was to be long-lived, it was not free of tensions. In January 1984, trouble erupted when its three non-socialist parties made public a list of nine points on which they disagreed with the SDP. The issues were domestic in character, and they centered on issues such as the methods of calculation and payment for child-care allowances, the advisability of nuclear power plant construction, wage package negotiation methods, and financial measures to aid farmers and small businessmen. The storm caused by the document was calmed by the political skills of the prime minister and through a lessened adamancy on the part of Kesk.

Despite overall agreement on many major issues and the dominance of consensus politics in the governing of the country, the parties' struggle for power was nevertheless fierce. Attacks on the SDP by its coalition partner Kesk during 1986 were seen by some to stem from Kesk's desire for an opening to the right and for the eventual formation of a center-right government after the 1987 elections. The attacks, especially those of Foreign Minister Paavo Vayrynen, intensified in the late summer. The young Kesk leader particularly denounced Sorsa's handling of trade with the Soviet Union. Sorsa successfully counterattacked in the fall, which forced Vayrynen to stop his campaign.[6]

References

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  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ Pesonen, Pertti; Oksanen, Matti (1983). "The 1983 parliamentary election in Finland". Electoral Studies. 2 (3): 269–274. doi:10.1016/S0261-3794(83)80034-1. ISSN 0261-3794.
  3. ^ Eduskuntavaalit 1927–2003 Tilastokeskus 2004
  4. ^ "Vihreiden/Vihreän liiton menestys vaaleissa 1983-". Archived from the original on 2006-10-13. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
  5. ^ Suomen virallinen tilasto XXIX A:37: Valtiolliset vaalit 1983 - Kansanedustajain vaalit. Statistics Finland. 1983.
  6. ^ A Country Study: Finland Library of Congress Country Studies