Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W
ISO 3166 code	PE

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Introduction

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE. Notable pre-colonial cultures and civilizations include the Caral–Supe civilization (the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization), the Nazca culture, the Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. (Full article...)

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Aerial view of Sabancaya, the summit in the left background is Ampato

Sabancaya is an active 5,976-metre-high (19,606 ft) stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Arequipa. It is considered part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the three distinct volcanic belts of the Andes. The Central Volcanic Zone includes a number of volcanoes, some of which like Huaynaputina have had large eruptions and others such as Sabancaya and Ubinas have been active in historical time. Sabancaya forms a volcanic complex together with Hualca Hualca to the north and Ampato to the south and has erupted andesite and dacite. It is covered by a small ice cap which leads to a risk of lahars during eruptions.

Sabancaya has generated numerous long lava flows especially during the early Holocene, while activity in the later Holocene has been more explosive. Historical reports indicate eruptions during the 18th century. The volcano returned to activity in 1986, culminating in a large eruption in 1990. Since then it has been continuously active with the emission of ash and gas. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Ericbronder

The main square of Abancay, capital of the Apurímac Region, has several palm trees which have adapted to the city's elevation of 2378 meters above sea level. Most cities in Peru have main squares, which are called Plaza de Armas in Spanish. They are usually surrounded by the principal city buildings such as the town hall or the main church. (more...)

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The Battle of Miraflores occurred on January 15, 1881 in the Miraflores District of Lima, Peru. It was an important battle during the War of the Pacific that was fought between Chile and the forces of Peru. The Chilean army led by Gen. Manuel Baquedano defeated the army commanded by Nicolás de Pierola guarding the second defensive line of the Peruvian capital city. Two days later, Lima, the capital city of Peru was occupied by Chilean troops. Gen. Baquedano's forces marched into Lima triumphant, while Peru's president and his officers fled into the interior, leaving the country without any government. Although the fall of Lima, the war continued between the occupation army and the troops of Andres Caceres for another three years. During the occupation of Lima, Peru's National Library was set on flames, while a number of other monuments were ransacked by Chilean forces and taken as war trophies. (more...)

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In this month

August 7, 1924 - At the National University of San Marcos, the most successful football team Universitario de Deportes was founded. Since 2000 the home games are played in the Estadio Monumental "U" stadium.

August 9, 1970 - Flight LANSA 502 crashes en route from Lima to Cusco killing all but one of the 100 crew and passengers on board.

August 15, 2007 - A major earthquake originating off the coast of Peru destroys the city of Pisco.

August 17, 1850 - José de San Martín first Protector of Peru died aged 72 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.

August 23, 1922 - The Peruvian Football Federation is founded.

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General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 2Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 3Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 4The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 5Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 6Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 7Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 8Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 9Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 10Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 11Peruvian school children with an OLPC XO-1 laptop (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 12Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 13Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 14Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 15Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 16Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 17Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 18Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 19Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 20Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 21Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 22Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 23Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 24The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 25Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 26Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 27Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 28The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 29Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 30Ages pyramid of Peru in 2007 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 31The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)

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Lima, the financial centre of Peru

The economy of Peru is an emerging, mixed economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and an upper middle income economy as classified by the World Bank. Peru has the forty-seventh largest economy in the world by total GDP and currently experiences a high human development index. The country was one of the world's fastest-growing economies in 2012, with a GDP growth rate of 6.3%. The economy was expected to increase 9.3% in 2021, in a rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Peru has signed a number of free trade agreements with its main trade partners. China became the nation's largest trading partner following the China–Peru Free Trade Agreement signed on 28 April 2009. Additional free trade agreements have been signed with the United States in 2006, Japan in 2011 and the European Union in 2012. Trade and industry are centralized in Lima while agricultural exports have led to regional development within the nation.

Peru's economy is dependent on commodity exports, making the economy at risk due to price volatility in the international markets. The Government of Peru displayed little interaction in the public sector throughout the nation's history since the economy frequently experienced commodities booms. The extraction of such commodities has brought conflict within the country due to its environmental and social impacts. (Full article...)

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... that Swedish naval officer Axel Lagerbielke was imprisoned in Lima for over a year, held in Callao and eventually escaped from Panama on an English packet boat to Jamaica?
... that Josiane Lima won Brazil's first Paralympic rowing medal?
... that Gian Marco's Días Nuevos, the best-selling album of 2011 in Perú, was the first quintuple platinum awarded by Unión Peruana de Productores Fonográficos?
... that Marcelino Gutiérrez was the only one of his brothers, who together led a rebellion against the president of Peru, to survive a subsequent riot?
... that Ariana Orrego was the first Peruvian gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games?
... that Peruvian foreign minister Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza was arrested by Chilean troops for refusing to sign peace with the cession of territory during the War of the Pacific?
... that the Balconcillo mutiny is considered to be the first coup d'état in the history of Peru?
... that the decisive participation of a Peruvian cavalry unit in the Battle of Junín led Simón Bolívar to rename them the Hussars of Junín?

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“

I sincerely apologise to anyone I may have inadvertently offended

”

“

The bag was a purchase I made as a tourist in China.

”

American actress Cameron Diaz (1972– ) after visiting Machu Picchu with a green bag which had a red star

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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More did you know...

...that during the War of the Pacific, General Andrés Avelino Cáceres (pictured) waged a two-year guerrilla campaign against Chilean occupation?
...that under the 2002 Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act the US eliminated tariffs on 6,300 products from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru?
...that there is evidence of Peruvian involvement in the abduction of a group of Montoneros in Lima as part of Operation Condor?
...that the town of Ollantaytambo, which dates back to the Inca Empire, has some of the oldest continuously occupied dwellings in South America?
...that water resources management in Peru has shifted from investing in irrigation development to a focus on river basin management?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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