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| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2022|07|01}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2022|07|01}}
| abbreviation = RSP (रा.स्व.पा)
| abbreviation = RSP (रा.स्व.पा)
| ideology = [[Progressivism]]
| ideology = [[Democratic Capitalism]]<br>[[Economic liberalism]]<br>[[Progressivism]]<br>[[Political Freedom]]
| position = [[Centrism|Centre]]
| position = [[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| headquarters = Chamati, Banasthali 16, [[Kathmandu]]
| headquarters = Chamati, Banasthali 16, [[Kathmandu]]
| international =
| international =
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| Founder =
| Founder =
}}
}}
The '''Rastriya Swatantra Party''' ({{lang-ne|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''RSP''') ({{Translation|National Independent Party}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''NIP''') is the fourth largest political party in Nepal. It remains as a junior ally in [[Third Dahal cabinet|current Prachanda-led]] government.
The '''Rastriya Swatantra Party''' ({{lang-ne|राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''RSP''') ({{Translation|National Independent Party}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''NIP''') is the fourth largest political party in Nepal. It remained as a junior ally in [[Third Dahal cabinet|Prachanda-led]] government from 26 December 2022 until 5 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=Lamichhane to lead RSP in Dahal-led govt |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/134894/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Himalayan Times |date=5 February 2023 |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party decides to quit govt |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/rastriya-swatantra-party-decides-to-quit-govt |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> While it called back its members from the current coalition government arrangement, it continues its support to the government since 5 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party to continue its support to government |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/02/27/rastriya-swatantra-party-decides-not-to-withdraw-support-to-dahal-government |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>


The party was announced in June 2022 by [[Rabi Lamichhane]].<ref name=":03" /> The party was registered with the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission of Nepal]] on July 1 2022, ahead of the [[2022 Nepalese general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=diwakar |date=2022-10-23 |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party to elect parliamentary party leader before general elections |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rastriya-swatantra-party-pp-election.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=OnlineKhabar English News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=Ravi Lamichhane's National Independent Party registered at EC |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/128547/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref> The RSP is currently the [[List of political parties in Nepal#National parties|fourth-largest national]] party in Nepal following the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] results.
The party was announced in June 2022 by [[Rabi Lamichhane]].<ref name=":03" /> The party was registered with the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission of Nepal]] on July 1 2022, ahead of the [[2022 Nepalese general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=diwakar |date=2022-10-23 |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party to elect parliamentary party leader before general elections |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rastriya-swatantra-party-pp-election.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=OnlineKhabar English News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=Ravi Lamichhane's National Independent Party registered at EC |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/128547/ |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref> The RSP is currently the [[List of political parties in Nepal#National parties|fourth-largest national]] party in Nepal following the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] results.

== History ==
== History ==
On 16 June 2022, [[Rabi Lamichhane]] resigned as managing director of Galaxy 4K television and announced that he would be contesting in the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general elections]] for a seat at the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Rabi Lamichhane exits TV to enter politics |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rabi-lamichhane-politics.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=OnlineKhabar |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 21 June 2022, he announced the formation of Rastriya Swatantra Party along with a 21-member central committee.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Rabi Lamichhane announces National Independent Party |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/12850 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Journalist Rabi Lamichhane announces new political party |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/journalist-rabi-lamichhane-announces-new-political-party |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Himalayan Times|date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> The party was formally registered in the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]] on 1 July 2022 with Rabi Lamichhane as the founding president and a bell inside a circle as its election symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=यी हुन् रवि लामिछानेको पार्टीका २१ केन्द्रीय सदस्य |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/275710/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Setopati |language=ne}}</ref>
On 16 June 2022, [[Rabi Lamichhane]] resigned as managing director of Galaxy 4K television and announced that he would be contesting in the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general elections]] for a seat at the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Rabi Lamichhane exits TV to enter politics |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rabi-lamichhane-politics.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=OnlineKhabar |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 21 June 2022, he announced the formation of Rastriya Swatantra Party along with a 21-member central committee.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Rabi Lamichhane announces National Independent Party |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/12850 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Journalist Rabi Lamichhane announces new political party |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/journalist-rabi-lamichhane-announces-new-political-party |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Himalayan Times|date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> The party was formally registered in the [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]] on 1 July 2022 with Rabi Lamichhane as the founding president and a bell inside a circle as its election symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=यी हुन् रवि लामिछानेको पार्टीका २१ केन्द्रीय सदस्य |url=https://www.setopati.com/politics/275710/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Setopati |language=ne}}</ref>
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== Ideology ==
== Ideology ==
It doesn't have a clear political ideology. The party members tend to support[[Constitution of Nepal|constitutional socialism]], [[participatory democracy]], [[progressivism]] and [[political freedom]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP |url=https://rspnepal.org/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=वाचा पत्र |url=https://rspnepal.org/rspmanifesto2079 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=rspnepal.org |language=en}}</ref> The party has been described as [[Neoliberalism|neo-liberal]] by different members within the party.<ref name="onlinekhabar.com">{{Cite web |title=स्वतन्त्र पार्टीमा दुई धार : दायाँ जाने कि बायाँ ? |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2022/12/1227209 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Online Khabar |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=One year young: Calls for clarity in RSP’s political vision |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/06/23/one-year-young-calls-for-clarity-in-rsp-s-political-vision |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>
The party supports [[Democratic capitalism|Democratic Capitalism]], [[Economic liberalism]], constitutional socialism, [[participatory democracy]], [[progressivism]] and [[political freedom]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP |url=https://rspnepal.org/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=वाचा पत्र |url=https://rspnepal.org/rspmanifesto2079 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=rspnepal.org |language=en}}</ref> The party has been described as [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] and [[Centrism|Centrist]] by different members within the party.<ref name="onlinekhabar.com">{{Cite web |title=स्वतन्त्र पार्टीमा दुई धार : दायाँ जाने कि बायाँ ? |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2022/12/1227209 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Online Khabar |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=One year young: Calls for clarity in RSP’s political vision |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/06/23/one-year-young-calls-for-clarity-in-rsp-s-political-vision |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>

It claims to be nationalistic yet VP [[Swarnim Wagle]] has been a vocal proponent of MCC.


== Ministry Responsible ==
== Ministry Responsible ==

Revision as of 16:46, 16 May 2024

Rastriya Swatantra Party
राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी
AbbreviationRSP (रा.स्व.पा)
LeaderRabi Lamichhane
PresidentRabi Lamichhane
General SecretaryMukul Dhakal
SpokespersonMukul Dhakal
Vice-PresidentDol Prasad Aryal
Swarnim Wagle
Founded1 July 2022 (2 years ago) (2022-07-01)
HeadquartersChamati, Banasthali 16, Kathmandu
IdeologyDemocratic Capitalism
Economic liberalism
Progressivism
Political Freedom
Political positionCentre to Centre-right
Colours 
Sloganअब जान्नेलाई छान्ने ("Now Let's pick the knowledgeable ones")
ECN StatusNational Party (4th largest)
Seats in Pratinidhi Sabha
21 / 275
Seats in Rastriya Sabha
0 / 59
Seats in Mayors/Chairs
0 / 753
Election symbol
Website
rspnepal.org

The Rastriya Swatantra Party (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी; abbr. RSP) (transl. National Independent Party; abbr. NIP) is the fourth largest political party in Nepal. It remained as a junior ally in Prachanda-led government from 26 December 2022 until 5 February 2023.[1][2] While it called back its members from the current coalition government arrangement, it continues its support to the government since 5 February 2023.[3]

The party was announced in June 2022 by Rabi Lamichhane.[4] The party was registered with the Election Commission of Nepal on July 1 2022, ahead of the 2022 Nepalese general election.[5][6] The RSP is currently the fourth-largest national party in Nepal following the 2022 results.

History

On 16 June 2022, Rabi Lamichhane resigned as managing director of Galaxy 4K television and announced that he would be contesting in the 2022 general elections for a seat at the House of Representatives.[7] On 21 June 2022, he announced the formation of Rastriya Swatantra Party along with a 21-member central committee.[4][8] The party was formally registered in the Election Commission on 1 July 2022 with Rabi Lamichhane as the founding president and a bell inside a circle as its election symbol.[9]

The party fielded FPTP candidates in 131 constituencies and submitted a closed list of prospective 107 PR lawmakers for seats of House of Representatives amidst the 2022 general elections. The party did not field any candidates for provincial assemblies. The party selected candidates through primary elections.[10] While the party emerged as the fourth-largest party in the House of Representatives, it secured victory in seven constituencies of which four were in Kathmandu, one in Lalitpur and two in Chitwan.[11] It received 10.70% of the party list vote and became one of the seven national parties in the Federal Parliament.[12] The party was allotted with 13 seats through the proportional representation system, bringing their total parliamentary strength in the House of Representatives to 20.[12][13]

Organization

The party had announced that it would have no sister organizations and only have members, not cadres. It had also announced that primary elections would be held to select candidates for elections from the party.[8][4]

Ideology

The party supports Democratic Capitalism, Economic liberalism, constitutional socialism, participatory democracy, progressivism and political freedom.[14][15] The party has been described as centre-right and Centrist by different members within the party.[16][17]

Ministry Responsible

Under Dahal Cabinet

Since 6 March 2024

Dahal III
S.N Minister Role Assumed office Left office Tenure
1. Rabi Lamichhane Ministry of Home Affairs 6 March 2024 Incumbent 240 days
2. Sumana Shrestha Ministry of Education, Science and Technology 6 March 2024 Incumbent 240 days
3. Dol Prasad Aryal Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security 6 March 2024 Incumbent 240 days
4. Biraj Bhakta Shrestha Ministry of Youth and Sports 6 March 2024 Incumbent 240 days

Till 5 February 2023

Dahal III
S.N Minister Role Assumed Office Left Office Tenure Successor
1. Dol Prasad Aryal Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security 17 January 2023 5 February 2023 19 days Sharat Singh Bhandari
2. Shishir Khanal Ministry of Education, Science and Technology 17 January 2023 5 February 2023 19 days Ashok Rai
3. Toshima Karki State Ministry of Health and Population 17 January 2023 5 February 2023 19 days Pushpa Kamal Dahal not allocated to anyone

Policy platform

Natural Order of the Economy

The party endorses a "capitalistic" economy policy with individual rights. Industrial and commercial activities are off-limits to the government, which cannot interfere with economic relations between individuals, groups, classes, or entire nations. The party supports the idea that economic freedom will drive the economy to the prosperity and so does the planning and interference by the government disrupt the economy and have adverse effects.[18][19][20][21]

Electoral reform

It also supports the introduction of recall elections, the right to reject and a provision for absentee ballots. The party also supports a directly elected prime minister and directly elected chief ministers for the seven provinces of Nepal.[4][8][22]

The party in its manifesto for the 2022 elections also supported the idea of a non-partisan president elected by an expanded electoral college which would incorporate elected representatives from ward chairs to federal lawmakers and also touted the idea of the chairman of the National Assembly acting as the de facto vice-president.[23] The party also seeks to end political appointments in constitutional bodies and has called for the Constitutional Council to be scrapped and for appointments to constitutional bodies be recommended by the National Assembly and confirmed by the House of Representatives instead. The party has also called for the dissolution of provincial assemblies, district co-ordination committees and has stood in favour of a provincial council which would be elected by the heads of local governments in the province. The party chair Rabi Lamichhane did not cast his vote at the 2022 provincial elections.[24][25]

Economic and social welfare

The party sees the private sector, co-operatives and the public sector as the three pillars of the economy. The party favors competition and seeks to establish a growing role of the private sector as an alternative to the public sector in order to deliver services to the people and for economic growth. The party wants to end income tax for people in the lowest octile of earners in the country. The party also seeks to establish food banks in every ward in the country and to guarantee nutrition assistance for people living under the poverty line by issuing them ration cards. The party also seeks to expand the current social welfare system and to include private insurance companies in the social welfare system.[14]

Healthcare

The party supports the establishment of a single-payer healthcare system and the establishment of at least one laboratory and a 750-bed hospital in each of the seven provinces, a 50 to 100-bed hospital in each of the 77 districts, a 6 to 25-bed hospital in each local unit and a clinic in each ward in the country. The party also wants to establish a centralized national ambulance service, health and quality assurance accreditation board, a food and drug department, a central disease board and a health innovation & development board. The party also wants to create a health workers act for public healthcare workers.[14]

Corruption

The party seeks to crackdown on corruption by introducing a Whistleblower Protection Act to protect whistleblowers and by establishing an Anti-Corruption Police under the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority.[14]

Women and sexual minorities

The party has also called for the establishment of shelters for victims of abuse and the creation of a fund to help victims of human trafficking, domestic violence and acid attack victims. The party also seeks to promote entrepreneurship among women and sexual minorities by establishing funds for businesses where at least sixty percent of the shareholders or employees are female or of a sexual minority group.[14]

Electoral performance

2022 general election

The party nominated 131 candidates for the First Past the Post seats for the 2022 Nepalese general election.[26]

Election Leader Constituency votes Party list votes Seats Position Resulting government
No. % No. %
2022 Rabi Lamichhane 815,023 7.77 1,130,344 10.70
21 / 275
 4th Confidence and Supply

Leadership

Party Chairman

Deputy Chairman

Joint Secretary

Deputy Leader of the Parliamentary Party

Chief Whip

General secretary and Party Spokesperson

Co-Spokesperson

List of Deputy Prime Ministers

No. Deputy PM Portrait Term in office Assembly Constituency Prime Minister
Start End Tenure
1 Rabi Lamichhane
26 December 2022 27 January 2023 32 days 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal Chitwan 2 Pushpa Kamal Dahal

List of Member of Parliament

Pratinidhi Shabha

This list of order of the MPs is based on the holding of power within the party and ministry level and length of presence in the meeting of house of representatives.

No. MPs Portrait Assumed Office End Office Tenure Preceded by Constituency
1. Rabi Lamichhane
1 July 2022 27 January 2023 210 days Position Created Chitwan 2
29 January 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 277 days Dol Prasad Aryal (Acting)
2. Swarnim Wagle
28 April 2023 Incumbent 1 year, 187 days Ram Chandra Poudel Tanahun 1
3. Sumana Shrestha
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days - elected as a proportional representative
4. Dol Prasad Aryal
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
5. Biraj Bhakta Shrestha
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Jeevan Ram Shrestha Kathmandu 8
6. Toshima Karki
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Pampha Bhusal Lalitpur 3
7. Hari Dhakal
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Surendra Pandey Chitwan 1
8. Shishir Khanal
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Bhimsen Das Pradhan Kathmandu 6
9. Sobita Gautam
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Madhav Kumar Nepal Kathmandu 2
10. Ganesh Parajuli
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days Rambir Manandhar Kathmandu 7
11. Indira Ranamagar
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year,

85 days

- elected as a proportional representative
12. Chanda Karki
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
13. Manish Jha
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
14. Santosh Pariyar
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
15. Nisha Dangi
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
16. Asim Shah
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
17. Shiva Nepali
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 Year, 85 days
18. Ashok Kumar Chaudhary
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 Year, 85 days
19. Binita Kathayat 22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 Year, 85 days
20. Laxmi Tiwari
22 December 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 315 days
21. Bindabasini Kansakar 22 December 2022 Incumbent 313 days Dhaka Kumar Shrestha

See also

References

  1. ^ Republica. "Lamichhane to lead RSP in Dahal-led govt". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  2. ^ The Himalayan Times (5 February 2023). "Rastriya Swatantra Party decides to quit govt". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
  3. ^ "Rastriya Swatantra Party to continue its support to government". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  4. ^ a b c d "Rabi Lamichhane announces National Independent Party". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  5. ^ diwakar (2022-10-23). "Rastriya Swatantra Party to elect parliamentary party leader before general elections". OnlineKhabar English News. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  6. ^ a b c Republica. "Ravi Lamichhane's National Independent Party registered at EC". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
  7. ^ "Rabi Lamichhane exits TV to enter politics". OnlineKhabar. 2022-06-16. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  8. ^ a b c "Journalist Rabi Lamichhane announces new political party". The Himalayan Times. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  9. ^ "यी हुन् रवि लामिछानेको पार्टीका २१ केन्द्रीय सदस्य". Setopati (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  10. ^ "Rastriya Swatantra Party drawing public attention ahead of polls". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  11. ^ "Swatantra Party district chief accused of helping Nepali Congress candidate". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  12. ^ a b "प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  13. ^ "Rastriya Swatantra Party picks 13 proportional representation lawmakers". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP". Rastriya Swatantra Party - RSP. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  15. ^ "वाचा पत्र". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
  16. ^ "स्वतन्त्र पार्टीमा दुई धार : दायाँ जाने कि बायाँ ?". Online Khabar (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  17. ^ "One year young: Calls for clarity in RSP's political vision". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  18. ^ "Swatantra Party leaders seek rewrite of political paper". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  19. ^ POKHAREL, JIBA RAJ (2023-02-07). "Ministerial responsibility versus party ideology: Need to maintain decorum". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  20. ^ "Can the Swatantra Party answer the bell?". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  21. ^ "Opinion | Rightist tilt in Nepal". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  22. ^ "राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी निर्वाचन आयोगमा दर्ता, चुनाव चिह्न - 'गोलाकारभित्र घण्टी'". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  23. ^ "Rastriya Swatantra Party proposes directly-elected prime minister". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  24. ^ Karki, Shristi (9 December 2022). "Seats of power". Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  25. ^ "Swatantra Party unveils election manifesto". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  26. ^ "प्रतिनिधिसभा-उम्मेदवार-अन्तिम-सूची.PDF".
  27. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  28. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  29. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  30. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  31. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  32. ^ "RSP - Rastriya Swatantra Party". rspnepal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
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