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{{Short description|Upper state chamber of Michigan}}
{{Short description|Upper house of the Michigan Legislature}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox legislature
{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = {{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}
| background_color = {{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}
| name = Michigan State Senate
| name = Michigan State Senate
| legislature = [[Michigan Legislature|Michigan State Legislature]]
| legislature = [[Michigan Legislature]]
| coa_pic = Seal of Michigan.svg
| coa_pic = Seal of Michigan.svg
| house_type = Upper house
| house_type = Upper house
| body = Michigan Legislature
| body =
| term_length = 4 years
| term_length = 4 years
| term_limits = 2 terms (8 years)<br>3 terms (12 years; from 2023)
| term_limits = 3 terms (12 years)
| foundation = January 26, 1837
| foundation = January 26, 1837
| motto = ''In God We Trust''
| motto = ''In God We Trust''
| preceded_by = [[Michigan Territorial Council]]
| preceded_by = [[Michigan Territorial Council]]
| new_session = January 2023
| new_session = January 11, 2023
| leader1_type = [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan|President]]
| leader1_type = [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan|President]]
| leader1 = [[Garlin Gilchrist]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader1 = [[Garlin Gilchrist]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
| election1 = January 1, 2019
| election1 = January 1, 2019
| leader3_type = [[List of majority leaders of the Michigan Senate|Majority Leader]]
| leader3_type = [[List of majority leaders of the Michigan Senate|Majority Leader]]
| leader3 = [[Winnie Brinks]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader3 = [[Winnie Brinks]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
| election3 = January 1, 2023
| election3 = January 1, 2023
| leader2_type = President pro tempore
| leader2_type = President Pro Tempore
| leader2 = [[Jeremy Moss]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader2 = [[Jeremy Moss]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
| election2 = January 1, 2023
| election2 = January 11, 2023
| leader4_type = Minority Leader
| leader4_type = Minority Leader
| leader4 = [[Aric Nesbitt]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| leader4 = [[Aric Nesbitt]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
| election4 = January 1, 2023
| election4 = January 11, 2023
| members = '''38''' voting members
| members = '''38''' voting members
| political_groups1 = '''Majority'''
| political_groups1 = '''Majority'''
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| session_room = Michigan Senate.jpg
| session_room = Michigan Senate.jpg
| redistricting = Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission
| redistricting = Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission
| website = [http://senate.michigan.gov/ Michigan State Senate]
| website = {{url|senate.michigan.gov}}
|rules=[https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Documents/Publications/rules/senate_rules.pdf Senate Rules]| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
The '''Michigan Senate''' is the [[upper house]] of the [[Michigan Legislature]]. Along with the [[Michigan House of Representatives]], it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the [[Constitution of Michigan|Michigan Constitution]], adopted in 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(qzvrtukff32yqyac5xpro43c))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-Article-IV-1|title=State Constitution of Michigan Article IV Section I|publisher=Michigan Legislature}}</ref> The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.
The '''Michigan Senate''' is the [[upper house]] of the [[Michigan Legislature]]. Along with the [[Michigan House of Representatives]], it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the [[Constitution of Michigan|Michigan Constitution]], adopted in 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(qzvrtukff32yqyac5xpro43c))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-Article-IV-1 |title = Article IV Section 1 |work = Michigan Constitution of 1963 |publisher = Michigan Legislature }}</ref> The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.


The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a [[single-member district]] with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents.<ref name="Senate Information">{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.michigan.gov/senateinfo.html|title=Senate Information|publisher=Michigan Senate}}</ref> Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.<ref name="Senate Information"/>
The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a [[single-member district]] with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents.<ref name="Senate Information">{{cite web |url = http://www.senate.michigan.gov/senateinfo.html |title = Senate Information |publisher = Michigan Senate }}</ref> Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.<ref name="Senate Information"/>


==Titles==
==Titles==
Line 57: Line 57:


==Term limits==
==Term limits==
On November 3, 1992, almost 59 percent of Michigan voters backed Proposal B, the Michigan Term Limits Amendment, which amended the state constitution, to enact term limits on federal and state officials. In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact congressional term limits, but ruled that the state-level term limits remain. Under the amendment, a person could be elected to the state senate two times. A provision governing partial terms was also included. These provisions became Article IV, section 54 and Article V, section 30 of the Michigan Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/sos/Const_Amend_189834_7.pdf|title=Constitutional Amendments|publisher=Michigan Legislature}}</ref> On November 8, 2022, at least 2 in 3 voters approved Proposal 1, further limiting state legislators to 12 years combined in either chamber of the legislature, but incumbent senators re-elected in 2022 would remain eligible for their new terms even if it pushed them over the 12-year limit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DesOrmeau |first=Taylor |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Proposal 1: Voters pass plan to shorten term limits, require politicians to disclose finances |url=https://www.mlive.com/politics/2022/11/proposal-1-voters-pass-plan-to-shorten-term-limits-require-politicians-to-disclose-finances.html |access-date=November 22, 2022 |website=mlive |language=en}}</ref>
On November 3, 1992, almost 59 percent of Michigan voters backed Proposal B, the Michigan Term Limits Amendment, which amended the state constitution, to enact term limits on federal and state officials. In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact congressional term limits, but ruled that the state-level term limits remain. Under the amendment, a person could be elected to the state senate two times. A provision governing partial terms was also included. These provisions became Article IV, section 54 and Article V, section 30 of the Michigan Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/sos/Const_Amend_189834_7.pdf |title = Constitutional Amendments |publisher = Michigan Legislature }}</ref> On November 8, 2022, nearly 2 in 3 voters approved Proposal 1, limiting state legislators to 12 years combined in either chamber of the legislature, but incumbent senators re-elected in 2022 would remain eligible for their new terms even if it pushed them over the 12-year limit.<ref>{{Cite web |last = DesOrmeau |first = Taylor |date = November 9, 2022 |title = Proposal 1: Voters pass plan to shorten term limits, require politicians to disclose finances |url = https://www.mlive.com/politics/2022/11/proposal-1-voters-pass-plan-to-shorten-term-limits-require-politicians-to-disclose-finances.html |access-date = November 22, 2022 |website = MLive |language = en }}</ref>


==Qualifications==
==Qualifications==
Line 63: Line 63:


==Legislative session==
==Legislative session==
For reckoning periods of time during which the legislature operates, each two-year period coinciding with the election of new members of the House of Representatives is numbered consecutively as a legislature, dating to the first legislature following Michigan's admission as a state. The current two-year term of the legislature (January 1, 2021 – December 31, 2022) is the 101st Legislature.
For reckoning periods of time during which the legislature operates, each two-year period coinciding with the election of new members of the House of Representatives is numbered consecutively as a legislature, dating to the first legislature following Michigan's admission as a state. The current two-year term of the legislature (January 1, 2023 – December 31, 2024) is the 102nd Legislature.


Each year during which the legislature meets constitutes a new legislative session. According to Article IV Section 13 of the State Constitution, a new session of the legislature begins when the members of each house convene, on the second Wednesday of January every year at noon. A regular session of the legislature typically lasts throughout the entire year with several periods of recess and adjourns ''[[sine die]]'' in late December.
Each year during which the legislature meets constitutes a new legislative session. According to Article IV Section 13 of the State Constitution, a new session of the legislature begins when the members of each house convene, on the second Wednesday of January every year at noon. A regular session of the legislature typically lasts throughout the entire year with several periods of recess and adjourns ''[[sine die]]'' in late December.


The Michigan legislature is one of ten full-time state legislative bodies in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/full-and-part-time-legislatures.aspx|title=Full- and Part-Time Legislatures|first=National Conference of State|last=Legislatures|website=www.ncsl.org}}</ref> Members receive a base salary of $71,685 per year, which makes them the fourth-highest paid state legislators in the country, after California, Pennsylvania and New York. While legislators in many states receive per diems that make up for lower salaries, Michigan legislators receive $10,800 per year for session and interim expenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncsl.org/legislatures-elections/legislatures/full-and-part-time-legislatures.aspx|title=Full- and Part-Time Legislatures|first=National Conference of State|last=Legislatures|website=www.ncsl.org}}</ref> Salaries and expense allowances are determined by the State Officers Compensation Commission.
The Michigan legislature is one of ten full-time state legislative bodies in the United States.<ref name=NCSL>{{cite web |url = http://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/full-and-part-time-legislatures.aspx |title = Full- and Part-Time Legislatures |author = National Conference of State Legislatures |publisher = National Conference of State Legislatures }}</ref> Members receive a base salary of $71,685 per year, which makes them the fourth-highest paid state legislators in the country, after California, Pennsylvania and New York. While legislators in many states receive per diems that make up for lower salaries, Michigan legislators receive $10,800 per year for session and interim expenses.<ref name=NCSL/> Salaries and expense allowances are determined by the State Officers Compensation Commission.


Any legislation pending in either chamber at the end of a session that is not the end of a legislative term of office continues and carries over to the next legislative session.
Any legislation pending in either chamber at the end of a session that is not the end of a legislative term of office continues and carries over to the next legislative session.


==Powers and process==
==Powers and process==
The Michigan legislature is authorized by the [[Michigan Constitution]] to create and amend the laws of the U.S. state of Michigan, subject to the governor's power to veto legislation. To do so, legislators propose legislation in the forms of bills drafted by a nonpartisan, professional staff. Successful legislation must undergo committee review, three [[Reading (legislature)|readings]] on the floor of each house, with appropriate voting majorities, as required, and either be signed into law by the governor or enacted through a veto override approved by two-thirds of the membership of each legislative house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://house.michigan.gov/citizens.asp|title=Citizens Guide|publisher=Michigan House of Representatives}}</ref>
The Michigan legislature is authorized by the [[Michigan Constitution]] to create and amend the laws of the U.S. state of Michigan, subject to the governor's power to veto legislation. To do so, legislators propose legislation in the forms of bills drafted by a nonpartisan, professional staff. Successful legislation must undergo committee review, three [[Reading (legislature)|readings]] on the floor of each house, with appropriate voting majorities, as required, and either be signed into law by the governor or enacted through a veto override approved by two-thirds of the membership of each legislative house.<ref>{{cite book |url = http://house.michigan.gov/citizens.asp |title = Citizens Guide |publisher = Michigan House of Representatives }}</ref>


== Composition ==
== Composition ==
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|colspan=5|
|colspan=5|
|-
|-
! nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Begin Legislature (2022)
! nowrap style="font-size:80%"|Begin Legislature (2023)
|18
|18
|{{party shading/Democratic}} | 20
|{{party shading/Democratic}} | 20
Line 113: Line 113:


===Leadership===
===Leadership===
The Michigan Senate is headed by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]], who serves as President of the Senate but may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(5utpbffwt4ndq2bw1hxvmk45))/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&objectname=mcl-Article-V-25|title=Michigan State Constitution - Article V, Section 25|publisher=Michigan Legislature}}</ref> The presiding officers of the senate, apart from the president, are elected by the body at its first session and serve until their term of office is up.<ref name="rules"/> Majority and minority party officers are elected at the same time by their respective caucuses.<ref name="rules">{{cite web|title=Senate Rules - Chapter 1, Section 1|url=http://www.senate.michigan.gov/rulesandappts/senaterules.html|website=Michigan Senate|publisher=Michigan State Senate|access-date=26 December 2016}}</ref>
The Michigan Senate is headed by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]], who serves as President of the Senate but may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(5utpbffwt4ndq2bw1hxvmk45))/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&objectname=mcl-Article-V-25 |title = Article V, Section 25 |work = Michigan Constitution of 1963 |publisher = Michigan Legislature }}</ref> The presiding officers of the senate, apart from the president, are elected by the body at its first session and serve until their term of office is up.<ref name="rules"/> Majority and minority party officers are elected at the same time by their respective caucuses.<ref name="rules">{{cite book |chapter = Chapter 1, Section 1 |chapter-url = http://www.senate.michigan.gov/rulesandappts/senaterules.html |title = Senate Rules |publisher = Michigan State Senate |access-date = December 26, 2016 }}</ref>


The senate majority leader controls the assignment of committees and leadership positions, along with control of the agenda in the chamber.
The senate majority leader controls the assignment of committees and leadership positions, along with control of the agenda in the chamber.


* President: [[Garlin Gilchrist]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/0,9309,7-387-90502---,00.html|title=Senate Leadership|publisher=Michigan Senate}}</ref>
* President: [[Garlin Gilchrist]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/0,9309,7-387-90502---,00.html |title = Senate Leadership |publisher = Michigan Senate }}</ref>
* President ''Pro Tempore'': [[Aric Nesbitt]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* President ''Pro Tempore'': [[Jeremy Moss]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* [[List of Majority Leaders of the Michigan Senate|Majority Leader]]: [[Mike Shirkey]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* [[List of Majority Leaders of the Michigan Senate|Majority Leader]]: [[Winnie Brinks]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant President ''Pro Tempore'': [[Lana Theis]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant President ''Pro Tempore'': [[Erika Geiss]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Associate President ''Pro Tempore'' of the Michigan Senate: [[Marshall Bullock]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Associate President ''Pro Tempore'' of the Michigan Senate: [[Joe Bellino (politician)|Joe Bellino]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Majority Leader: [[Wayne Schmidt]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Majority Leader: [[Darrin Camilleri]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Majority Floor Leader: [[Peter MacGregor]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Majority Floor Leader: [[Sam Singh]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Majority Floor Leader: [[Dan Lauwers]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Majority Floor Leaders: [[Jeff Irwin (politician)|Jeff Irwin]], [[Kristen McDonald Rivet]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Majority Caucus Chairperson: [[Curt VanderWall]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Majority Caucus Chairperson: [[Dayna Polehanki]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Majority Caucus Chairperson: [[Jim Runestad]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Majority Caucus Chairperson: [[Veronica Klinefelt]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Majority Whip: [[John Bizon]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Majority Whip: [[Mallory McMorrow]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Majority Whip: [[Roger Victory]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Majority Whip: [[Mary Cavanagh]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Minority Leader of the Michigan Senate: [[Jim Ananich]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Minority Leader of the Michigan Senate: [[Aric Nesbitt]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Minority Leader: [[Jeremy Moss]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Minority Leader: [[Rick Outman]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Minority Floor Leader: [[Stephanie Chang]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Minority Floor Leader: [[Dan Lauwers]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Minority Floor Leader: [[Mallory McMorrow]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Minority Floor Leader: [[Lana Theis]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Minority Caucus Chair: [[Erika Geiss]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Minority Caucus Chair: [[Kevin Daley (politician)|Kevin Daley]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Minority Caucus Chair: [[Paul Wojno]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Minority Caucus Chair: [[Jim Runestad]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Minority Whip: [[Winnie Brinks]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Minority Whip: [[Roger Victory]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])
* Assistant Minority Whip: [[Rosemary Bayer]] ([[Michigan Democratic Party|D]])
* Assistant Minority Whip: [[Mark Huizenga]] ([[Michigan Republican Party|R]])


==Members, 2019–2022==
==Members, 2023–2026==
[[File:Michigan Senate Membership (2018).png|thumb|376x376px|Senate Districts and Party Affiliation as of 2019 {{leftlegend|#F48882|Republican Party}} {{leftlegend|#92C5DE|Democratic Party}} <!--{{leftlegend|#ffffff|outline=darkgray|Vacant}}-->]]
[[File:Michigan Senate Membership 2023.png|thumb|376x376px|Senate districts and party affiliation as of 2023]]
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! District !! Senator !! Party !! Residence !! Eligible for<br>re-election in 2022
! District !! Senator !! Party !! Residence !! Term !! Eligible for<br>re-election in 2026
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 1st Senate district|1]] || [[Stephanie Chang]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 1st Senate district|1]] || [[Erika Geiss]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Taylor, Michigan|Taylor]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 2nd Senate district|2]] || [[Adam Hollier]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 2nd Senate district|2]] || [[Sylvia Santana]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 3rd Senate district|3]] || [[Sylvia Santana]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 3rd Senate district|3]] || [[Stephanie Chang]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 4th Senate district|4]] || [[Marshall Bullock]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 4th Senate district|4]] || [[Darrin Camilleri]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan|Brownstown]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 5th Senate district|5]] || [[Betty Jean Alexander]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Detroit]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 5th Senate district|5]] || [[Dayna Polehanki]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Livonia, Michigan|Livonia]]|| 2nd || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 6th Senate district|6]] || [[Erika Geiss]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Taylor, Michigan|Taylor]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 6th Senate district|6]] || [[Mary Cavanagh]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Redford, Michigan|Redford]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 7th Senate district|7]] || [[Dayna Polehanki]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Livonia, Michigan|Livonia]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 7th Senate district|7]] || [[Jeremy Moss]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Southfield, Michigan|Southfield]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 8th Senate district|8]] || [[Doug Wozniak]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Shelby Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 8th Senate district|8]] || [[Mallory McMorrow]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]]|| 2nd || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 9th Senate district|9]] || [[Paul Wojno]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Warren, Michigan|Warren]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 9th Senate district|9]] || [[Michael Webber (politician)|Michael Webber]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Rochester Hills, Michigan|Rochester Hills]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 10th Senate district|10]] || [[Michael D. MacDonald]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 10th Senate district|10]] || [[Paul Wojno]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Warren, Michigan|Warren]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 11th Senate district|11]] ||[[Jeremy Moss]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Southfield, Michigan|Southfield]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 11th Senate district|11]] ||[[Veronica Klinefelt]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Eastpointe, Michigan|Eastpointe]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 12th Senate district|12]] || [[Rosemary Bayer]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Beverly Hills, Michigan|Beverly Hills]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 12th Senate district|12]] || [[Kevin Hertel]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 13th Senate district|13]] || [[Mallory McMorrow]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 13th Senate district|13]] || [[Rosemary Bayer]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Beverly Hills, Michigan|Beverly Hills]]|| 2nd || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 14th Senate district|14]] || [[Ruth Johnson]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Holly, Michigan|Holly]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 14th Senate district|14]] || [[Sue Shink]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 15th Senate district|15]] || [[Jim Runestad]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[White Lake, Michigan|White Lake Township]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 15th Senate district|15]] || [[Jeff Irwin (politician)|Jeff Irwin]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 16th Senate district|16]] || [[Mike Shirkey]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Clarklake, Michigan|Clarklake]] || No
| [[Michigan's 16th Senate district|16]] || [[Joe Bellino (politician)|Joe Bellino]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 17th Senate district|17]] || [[Dale Zorn]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Ida, Michigan|Ida]] || No
| [[Michigan's 17th Senate district|17]] || [[Jonathan Lindsey]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Bronson, Michigan|Bronson]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 18th Senate district|18]] || [[Jeff Irwin (politician)|Jeff Irwin]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 18th Senate district|18]] || [[Thomas Albert (politician)|Thomas Albert]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Lowell, Michigan|Lowell]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 19th Senate district|19]] || [[John Bizon]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Battle Creek, Michigan|Battle Creek]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 19th Senate district|19]] || [[Sean McCann (politician)|Sean McCann]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Kalamazoo]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 20th Senate district|20]] || [[Sean McCann (politician)|Sean McCann]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Kalamazoo]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 20th Senate district|20]] || [[Aric Nesbitt]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Porter Township, Van Buren County, Michigan|Porter Township]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 21st Senate district|21]] || [[Kim LaSata]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Bainbridge Township, Michigan|Bainbridge Township]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 21st Senate district|21]] || [[Sarah Anthony]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 22nd Senate district|22]] || [[Lana Theis]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Brighton Township, Michigan|Brighton Township]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 22nd Senate district|22]] || [[Lana Theis]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Brighton Township, Michigan|Brighton Township]] || 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 23rd Senate district|23]] || [[Curtis Hertel, Jr.]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]] || No
| [[Michigan's 23rd Senate district|23]] || [[Jim Runestad]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[White Lake, Michigan|White Lake Township]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 24th Senate district|24]] || [[Tom Barrett (Michigan politician)|Tom Barrett]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Potterville, Michigan|Potterville]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 24th Senate district|24]] || [[Ruth Johnson]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Holly, Michigan|Holly]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 25th Senate district|25]] || [[Dan Lauwers]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Capac, Michigan|Capac]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 25th Senate district|25]] || [[Dan Lauwers]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Capac, Michigan|Capac]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 26th Senate district|26]] || [[Aric Nesbitt]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Porter Township, Van Buren County, Michigan|Porter Township]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 26th Senate district|26]] || [[Kevin Daley (politician)|Kevin Daley]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Lum, Michigan|Lum]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 27th Senate district|27]] || [[Jim Ananich]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]] || No
| [[Michigan's 27th Senate district|27]] || [[John Cherry III (politician)|John Cherry]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]] || 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 28th Senate district|28]] || [[Mark Huizenga]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Walker, Michigan|Walker]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 28th Senate district|28]] || [[Sam Singh]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 29th Senate district|29]] || [[Winnie Brinks]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 29th Senate district|29]] || [[Winnie Brinks]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] || 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 30th Senate district|30]] || [[Roger Victory]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Hudsonville, Michigan|Hudsonville]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 30th Senate district|30]] || [[Mark Huizenga]]↑ || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Walker, Michigan|Walker]]|| 2nd (1st full) || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 31st Senate district|31]] || [[Kevin Daley (politician)|Kevin Daley]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Lum, Michigan|Lum]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 31st Senate district|31]] || [[Roger Victory]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Hudsonville, Michigan|Hudsonville]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 32nd Senate district|32]] || [[Kenneth Horn]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Frankenmuth, Michigan|Frankenmuth]] || No
| [[Michigan's 32nd Senate district|32]] || [[Jon Bumstead]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Newaygo, Michigan|Newaygo]]|| 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 33rd Senate district|33]] || [[Rick Outman]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Six Lakes, Michigan|Six Lakes]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 33rd Senate district|33]] || [[Rick Outman]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Six Lakes, Michigan|Six Lakes]] || 2nd || No
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 34th Senate district|34]] || [[Jon Bumstead]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Newaygo, Michigan|Newaygo]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 34th Senate district|34]] || [[Roger Hauck]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Mount Pleasant, Michigan|Mount Pleasant]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 35th Senate district|35]] || [[Curt VanderWall]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Ludington, Michigan|Ludington]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 35th Senate district|35]] || [[Kristen McDonald Rivet]]|| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem || [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 36th Senate district|36]] || [[Jim Stamas]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]] || No
| [[Michigan's 36th Senate district|36]] || [[Michele Hoitenga]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Manton, Michigan|Manton]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 37th Senate district|37]] || [[Wayne Schmidt]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Traverse City, Michigan|Traverse City]] || No
| [[Michigan's 37th Senate district|37]] || [[John Damoose]]|| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Harbor Springs, Michigan|Harbor Springs]]|| 1st || Yes
|-
|-
| [[Michigan's 38th Senate district|38]] || [[Ed McBroom]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Vulcan, Michigan|Vulcan]] || Yes
| [[Michigan's 38th Senate district|38]] || [[Ed McBroom]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep || [[Vulcan, Michigan|Vulcan]] || 2nd || No
|-
|-
|}
|}


*↑: First elected in a special election.
[[Mark Huizenga]] was elected to [[Michigan's 28th Senate district]] in November 2021 in a special election to fill the remainder of the term after the seat was vacated by [[Peter MacGregor]], after MacGregor ran for and won election as Kent County Treasurer in November 2020.

Similarly, [[Doug Wozniak]] was elected to [[Michigan's 8th Senate district]] in November 2021 in a special election to fill the remainder of the term after the seat was vacated by [[Peter Lucido]], after Lucido ran for and won election as Macomb County Prosecutor in November 2020.


== Past composition of the Senate ==
== Past composition of the Senate ==
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*[[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]]
*[[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]]
*[[List of majority leaders of the Michigan Senate]]
*[[List of majority leaders of the Michigan Senate]]
* [[List of Michigan state legislatures]]
*Michigan Senate elections:
*Michigan Senate elections:
**[[2002 Michigan Senate election|2002]]
**[[2002 Michigan Senate election|2002]]
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{{Michigan State Senators}}
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{{United States legislatures}}
{{United States legislatures}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 20:12, 31 August 2024

Michigan State Senate
Michigan Legislature
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Term limits
3 terms (12 years)
History
FoundedJanuary 26, 1837
Preceded byMichigan Territorial Council
New session started
January 11, 2023
Leadership
Garlin Gilchrist (D)
since January 1, 2019
President Pro Tempore
Jeremy Moss (D)
since January 11, 2023
Winnie Brinks (D)
since January 1, 2023
Minority Leader
Aric Nesbitt (R)
since January 11, 2023
Structure
Seats38 voting members
Political groups
Majority
  •   Democratic (20)

Minority

Length of term
4 years
AuthorityArticle IV, Michigan Constitution
Salary$71,685 salary/year + $10,800 per diem/year
Elections
Last election
November 8, 2022
(38 seats)
Next election
November 3, 2026
(38 seats)
RedistrictingMichigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission
Motto
In God We Trust
Meeting place
State Senate Chamber
Michigan State Capitol
Lansing, Michigan
Website
senate.michigan.gov
Rules
Senate Rules

The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963.[1] The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents.[2] Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.[2]

Titles

[edit]

Members of the Michigan Senate are called senators. Because this shadows the terminology used to describe members of the United States Senate, constituents and the news media, using The Associated Press Stylebook, often refer to members of the Michigan Senate as state senators when necessary to avoid confusion with their federal counterparts.

Terms

[edit]

Senators are elected on a partisan basis for four-year terms, concurrent with the election of the Governor of Michigan. Terms for senators begin on January 1 at noon, following the November general election and end on January 1 when their replacements are sworn in.[2]

Senate elections are always held two years after the election for President of the United States, with the next election scheduled for November 3, 2026.

Term limits

[edit]

On November 3, 1992, almost 59 percent of Michigan voters backed Proposal B, the Michigan Term Limits Amendment, which amended the state constitution, to enact term limits on federal and state officials. In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact congressional term limits, but ruled that the state-level term limits remain. Under the amendment, a person could be elected to the state senate two times. A provision governing partial terms was also included. These provisions became Article IV, section 54 and Article V, section 30 of the Michigan Constitution.[3] On November 8, 2022, nearly 2 in 3 voters approved Proposal 1, limiting state legislators to 12 years combined in either chamber of the legislature, but incumbent senators re-elected in 2022 would remain eligible for their new terms even if it pushed them over the 12-year limit.[4]

Qualifications

[edit]

Each senator must be a citizen of the United States, at least 21 years of age, and an elector of the district they represent. Under state law, moving out of the district shall be deemed a vacation of the office. No person who has been convicted of subversion or who has within the preceding 20 years been convicted of a felony involving a breach of public trust shall be eligible for either house of the legislature.

Legislative session

[edit]

For reckoning periods of time during which the legislature operates, each two-year period coinciding with the election of new members of the House of Representatives is numbered consecutively as a legislature, dating to the first legislature following Michigan's admission as a state. The current two-year term of the legislature (January 1, 2023 – December 31, 2024) is the 102nd Legislature.

Each year during which the legislature meets constitutes a new legislative session. According to Article IV Section 13 of the State Constitution, a new session of the legislature begins when the members of each house convene, on the second Wednesday of January every year at noon. A regular session of the legislature typically lasts throughout the entire year with several periods of recess and adjourns sine die in late December.

The Michigan legislature is one of ten full-time state legislative bodies in the United States.[5] Members receive a base salary of $71,685 per year, which makes them the fourth-highest paid state legislators in the country, after California, Pennsylvania and New York. While legislators in many states receive per diems that make up for lower salaries, Michigan legislators receive $10,800 per year for session and interim expenses.[5] Salaries and expense allowances are determined by the State Officers Compensation Commission.

Any legislation pending in either chamber at the end of a session that is not the end of a legislative term of office continues and carries over to the next legislative session.

Powers and process

[edit]

The Michigan legislature is authorized by the Michigan Constitution to create and amend the laws of the U.S. state of Michigan, subject to the governor's power to veto legislation. To do so, legislators propose legislation in the forms of bills drafted by a nonpartisan, professional staff. Successful legislation must undergo committee review, three readings on the floor of each house, with appropriate voting majorities, as required, and either be signed into law by the governor or enacted through a veto override approved by two-thirds of the membership of each legislative house.[6]

Composition

[edit]
Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Republican Democratic Vacant
End of Previous Legislature 22 16 38 0
Begin Legislature (2023) 18 20 38 0
Latest voting share 47% 53%

Leadership

[edit]

The Michigan Senate is headed by the Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, who serves as President of the Senate but may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie.[7] The presiding officers of the senate, apart from the president, are elected by the body at its first session and serve until their term of office is up.[8] Majority and minority party officers are elected at the same time by their respective caucuses.[8]

The senate majority leader controls the assignment of committees and leadership positions, along with control of the agenda in the chamber.

Members, 2023–2026

[edit]
Senate districts and party affiliation as of 2023


District Senator Party Residence Term Eligible for
re-election in 2026
1 Erika Geiss Dem Taylor 2nd No
2 Sylvia Santana Dem Detroit 2nd No
3 Stephanie Chang Dem Detroit 2nd No
4 Darrin Camilleri Dem Brownstown 1st Yes
5 Dayna Polehanki Dem Livonia 2nd Yes
6 Mary Cavanagh Dem Redford 1st Yes
7 Jeremy Moss Dem Southfield 2nd No
8 Mallory McMorrow Dem Royal Oak 2nd Yes
9 Michael Webber Rep Rochester Hills 1st Yes
10 Paul Wojno Dem Warren 2nd No
11 Veronica Klinefelt Dem Eastpointe 1st Yes
12 Kevin Hertel Dem St. Clair Shores 1st Yes
13 Rosemary Bayer Dem Beverly Hills 2nd Yes
14 Sue Shink Dem Ann Arbor 1st Yes
15 Jeff Irwin Dem Ann Arbor 2nd No
16 Joe Bellino Rep Monroe 1st Yes
17 Jonathan Lindsey Rep Bronson 1st Yes
18 Thomas Albert Rep Lowell 1st Yes
19 Sean McCann Dem Kalamazoo 2nd No
20 Aric Nesbitt Rep Porter Township 2nd No
21 Sarah Anthony Dem Lansing 1st Yes
22 Lana Theis Rep Brighton Township 2nd No
23 Jim Runestad Rep White Lake Township 2nd No
24 Ruth Johnson Rep Holly 2nd No
25 Dan Lauwers Rep Capac 2nd No
26 Kevin Daley Rep Lum 2nd No
27 John Cherry Dem Flint 1st Yes
28 Sam Singh Dem East Lansing 1st Yes
29 Winnie Brinks Dem Grand Rapids 2nd No
30 Mark Huizenga↑ Rep Walker 2nd (1st full) Yes
31 Roger Victory Rep Hudsonville 2nd No
32 Jon Bumstead Rep Newaygo 2nd No
33 Rick Outman Rep Six Lakes 2nd No
34 Roger Hauck Rep Mount Pleasant 1st Yes
35 Kristen McDonald Rivet Dem Bay City 1st Yes
36 Michele Hoitenga Rep Manton 1st Yes
37 John Damoose Rep Harbor Springs 1st Yes
38 Ed McBroom Rep Vulcan 2nd No
  • ↑: First elected in a special election.

Past composition of the Senate

[edit]
Main article: Political party strength in Michigan

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Article IV Section 1". Michigan Constitution of 1963. Michigan Legislature.
  2. ^ a b c "Senate Information". Michigan Senate.
  3. ^ "Constitutional Amendments" (PDF). Michigan Legislature.
  4. ^ DesOrmeau, Taylor (November 9, 2022). "Proposal 1: Voters pass plan to shorten term limits, require politicians to disclose finances". MLive. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  5. ^ a b National Conference of State Legislatures. "Full- and Part-Time Legislatures". National Conference of State Legislatures.
  6. ^ Citizens Guide. Michigan House of Representatives.
  7. ^ "Article V, Section 25". Michigan Constitution of 1963. Michigan Legislature.
  8. ^ a b "Chapter 1, Section 1". Senate Rules. Michigan State Senate. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  9. ^ "Senate Leadership". Michigan Senate.
[edit]
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