Jump to content

Languages of Belize: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
FrescoBot (talk | contribs)
m Bot: link specificity and minor changes
m Reverted 1 edit by 139.195.70.68 (talk) to last revision by Daffgatter
Tags: Twinkle Undo Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(33 intermediate revisions by 25 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|none}}
{{Languages of
| country = Belize
|image= Xunantunich-Eingang.jpg
|caption=Sign in English at [[Xunantunich]], with the [[Mayan languages|Mayan]] name translated into English
|sign=[[American Sign Language]]
| official = [[English language|English]]
| vernacular = [[Belizean English]], [[Belizean Spanish]], [[Belizean Creole]]
| indigenous = [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]], [[Q'eqchi' language|Q'eqchi']], [[Mopan language|Mopan]], [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatec Maya]]
| minority = [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]]
| foreign = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]]
}}
{{Culture of Belize}}
{{Culture of Belize}}
According to the 2010 census, the major languages spoken in [[Belize]] include [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Belizean Creole|Kriol]], all three spoken by more than 40% of the population. [[Mayan languages]] are also spoken in certain areas.
The major languages spoken in [[Belize]] include [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Belizean Creole|Kriol]], all three spoken by more than 40% of the population. [[Mayan languages]] are also spoken in certain areas, as well as [[German language|German]].<ref name=":0" />


English is the official language and the primary language of public education, though spoken natively by a minority of people as a first language. Spanish is taught in primary and secondary schools as well. Bilingualism is very common. {{cn span|Literacy currently stands at nearly 80%.|date=November 2018}}
English is the official language and the primary language of public education, though spoken natively by a minority of people as a first language. Spanish is taught in primary and secondary schools as well. Bilingualism is very common. The percentage of literacy in Belize as of 2021 is 82.68% for those aged 15 or older.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belize Population |url=https://countrymeters.info/en/Belize |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820165015/https://countrymeters.info/en/Belize |archive-date=2021-08-20 |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Countrymeters |language=en}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
|+ style="padding-bottom:1em;" | Languages spoken in Belize (2010)<ref>Statistical Institute of Belize: Belize Population and Housing Census 2010. Country Report. Belmopan 2013. </ref><ref>http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Census_Report_2010.pdf</ref>
|+ style="padding-bottom:1em;" | Languages spoken in Belize (2010)<ref>These figures are for people at least 4 years old.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite report |url=http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Census_Report_2010.pdf |title=Belize Population and Housing Census 2010: Country Report |last=Statistical Institute of Belize |date=2013 |language=en |access-date=2018-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005545/http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Census_Report_2010.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-10}}</ref>
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
! Language
! Language
Line 39: Line 51:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
|+ style="padding-bottom:1em;" | Languages spoken by District (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Languages-Infographic-773x1024.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218024216/http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Languages-Infographic-773x1024.jpg |archive-date=2018-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|+ style="padding-bottom:1em;" | Languages spoken by District (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages Spoken in Belize |url=http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Languages-Infographic-773x1024.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218024216/http://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Languages-Infographic-773x1024.jpg |archive-date=2018-02-18 |access-date=2018-02-17 |type=Infographic |via=The Statistical Institute of Belize, Census 2010 |language=en}}</ref>
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
! District<br />
! District<br />
Line 64: Line 76:


==Standard English and Belizean Creole==
==Standard English and Belizean Creole==
[[File:Creole Notice and Roadsign - Caye Caulker, Belize.jpg|thumb|Sign in Kriol in [[Caye Caulker]].]]
English is the official language of Belize, a former British colony. It is the primary language of public education, government and most media outlets. The majority of Belizeans, regardless of ethnicity, speak an [[English-based creole]] called [[Belizean Creole]] (also referred to as ''Kriol'') during most informal, social and interethnic dialogue.
English is the official language of Belize, a former British colony. It is the primary language of public education, government and most media outlets. According to the 2008 Official Education policy in Belize, children are to be taught when it is appropriate to use Creole, but lessons are not to be taught in Creole language.<ref name=":1" />


When a Creole language exists alongside its lexifier language, as in Belize, a [[Post-creole continuum|creole continuum]] forms between the Creole and the lexifier language. This is known as [[code-switching]]. It is therefore difficult to substantiate or differentiate the number of Creole speakers compared to English speakers. Belizean Creole might best be described as the [[lingua franca]] of the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bzj|title=Belize Kriol English|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref>
When a Creole language exists alongside its [[lexifier]] language, as in Belize, a [[Post-creole continuum|creole continuum]] forms between the Creole and the lexifier language. This is known as [[code-switching]]. It is therefore difficult to substantiate or differentiate the number of Creole speakers compared to English speakers.

In 2007 an English–Kriol dictionary was published by the Belize Kriol Project; the dictionary includes translations and grammatical descriptions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Salmon|first=William|date=2015-06-17|title=Language Ideology, Gender, and Varieties of Belizean Kriol|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934715590407|journal=Journal of Black Studies|volume=46|issue=6|pages=605–625|doi=10.1177/0021934715590407|issn=0021-9347}}</ref>


==Spanish==
==Spanish==
{{Main|Belizean Spanish}}
{{Main|Belizean Spanish}}
Approximately 50% of Belizeans self-identify as ''[[Mestizo]]'', ''Latino'' or ''Hispanic''. Spanish is spoken as a native tongue by about 30% of the population,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BZ|title=Belize|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref> and taught in schools to children who do not have it as their first language. [[Spanglish|"Kitchen Spanish"]] is an intermediate form of Spanish mixed with Belizean Creole, and is spoken in northern towns such as Corozal and San Pedro.<ref name="ambergriscaye.com">{{cite news | title=Northern Belize Caste War History; Location | url =http://ambergriscaye.com/pages/town/holidays.html| accessdate =21 February 2013 }}</ref>
Approximately 52.9% of Belizeans self-identify as ''[[Mestizo]]'', ''Latino'' or ''Hispanic''. Spanish is spoken as a native tongue by about 52.9% of the population,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belize |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BZ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310074022/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BZ |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> and taught in schools to children who do not have it as their first language. [[Spanglish|"Kitchen Spanish"]] is an intermediate form of Spanish mixed with Belizean Creole, and is spoken in northern towns such as Corozal and San Pedro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Belize Caste War History; Location |url=http://ambergriscaye.com/pages/town/holidays.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961120201952/http://ambergriscaye.com/pages/town/holidays.html |archive-date=20 November 1996 |access-date=21 February 2013 |website=ambergriscaye.com |language=en}}</ref>


Over half the population is bilingual, and a large segment is multilingual. Being such a small and multiethnic state surrounded by Spanish-speaking nations, multilingualism is strongly encouraged in the society.<ref name="belize2011">[http://www.belize.com/belize-2010-census.html 2010 Census of Belize Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120529210225/http://www.belize.com/belize-2010-census.html# |date=2012-05-29 }}. belize.com (2011).</ref><ref name="belize2000">[http://www.belize.com/belize-demographics 2010 Census of Belize Detailed Demographics of 2000 and 2010]. belize.com (2011).</ref>
Over half the population is bilingual, and a large segment is multilingual. Being such a small and multiethnic state surrounded by Spanish-speaking nations, multilingualism is strongly encouraged in the society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belize 2010 National Census Overview |url=http://www.belize.com/belize-2010-census.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529210225/http://www.belize.com/belize-2010-census.html# |archive-date=2012-05-29 |website=Belize.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="belize2000">{{Cite web |title=2010 Census of Belize Detailed Demographics of 2000 and 2010 |url=http://www.belize.com/belize-demographics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601035654/http://www.belize.com/belize-demographics |archive-date=2017-06-01 |website=Belize.com}}</ref>


==Other languages==
==Other languages==
Belize is also home to three [[Mayan languages]]: [[Q’eqchi’ language|Q’eqchi’]], the [[Endangered language|endangered]] [[Indigenous people|indigenous]] Belizean language of [[Mopan language|Mopan]], and [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatec Maya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kek|title=Q’eqchi’|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/mop|title=Maya, Mopán|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yua|title=Maya, Yucatec|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref>
Belize is also home to three [[Mayan languages]]: [[Q’eqchi’ language|Q’eqchi’]], the [[Endangered language|endangered]] [[Indigenous people|indigenous]] Belizean language of [[Mopan language|Mopan]], and [[Yucatec Maya language|Yucatec Maya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q’eqchi’ |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309200749/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kek |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maya, Mopán |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/mop |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424125016/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/mop |archive-date=24 April 2013 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maya, Yucatec |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yua |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514173812/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/yua |archive-date=14 May 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref>

Approximately 16,100 people speak the [[Ta-Arawakan languages|Arawakan-based]] [[Garifuna language]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cab|title=Garifuna|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref> and 6,900 [[Mennonites]] in Belize speak mainly [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]] while a minority of Mennonites speak [[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pdt|title=Plautdietsch|author=|date=|website=ethnologue.com|accessdate=14 April 2018}}</ref>
Approximately 16,100 people speak the [[Ta-Arawakan languages|Arawakan-based]] [[Garifuna language]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Garifuna |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cab |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309225202/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/cab |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref>

German is spoken in [[Mennonites_in_Belize#Colonies_and_villages|Mennonite colonies and villages]]. The vast majority of [[Mennonites in Belize]] speaks [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]] in everyday life while a minority of some 10 percent speaks [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania German]]. Both groups use the [[Luther Bible|German Bible translation of Martin Luther]] and an old fashioned [[Standard German]] in church and in reading and writing. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Plautdietsch |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pdt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307061020/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pdt |archive-date=7 March 2013 |access-date=14 April 2018 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Belizean Kriol people|Kriol people]]
* [[Belizean Kriol people|Kriol people]]
* [[Demographics of Belize]]
* [[Demographics of Belize]]
* [[Maya peoples]]
* [[Ethnic Chinese in Belize]]
* [[Ethnic Chinese in Belize]]
* [[Maya peoples]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 91: Line 109:
{{North America in topic|Languages of}}
{{North America in topic|Languages of}}
{{English official language clickable map}}
{{English official language clickable map}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Languages of Belize| ]]
[[Category:Languages of Belize| ]]

Latest revision as of 10:15, 9 August 2024

Languages of Belize
Sign in English at Xunantunich, with the Mayan name translated into English
OfficialEnglish
IndigenousGarifuna, Q'eqchi', Mopan, Yucatec Maya
VernacularBelizean English, Belizean Spanish, Belizean Creole
MinorityPlautdietsch
ForeignSpanish, German
SignedAmerican Sign Language

The major languages spoken in Belize include English, Spanish and Kriol, all three spoken by more than 40% of the population. Mayan languages are also spoken in certain areas, as well as German.[1]

English is the official language and the primary language of public education, though spoken natively by a minority of people as a first language. Spanish is taught in primary and secondary schools as well. Bilingualism is very common. The percentage of literacy in Belize as of 2021 is 82.68% for those aged 15 or older.[2]

Languages spoken in Belize (2010)[3][1]
Language speakers percentage
English 183,903 62.9%
Spanish 165,296 56.6%
Belizean Creole 130,467 44.6%
Q'eqchi' Maya 17,581 6.0%
Mopan Maya 10,649 3.6%
German 9,364 3.2%
Garifuna 8,442 2.9%
Other languages 7,847 2.7%
N.A. 1,537 0.5%
Total 292,263 100%

Major languages by district

[edit]

English is the major language in the primary and most populated Belize District. Spanish is the most used language in the frontier districts of Cayo, Orange Walk and Corozal. Creole is the main language in the Stann Creek district, and Mayan languages dominate in the southernmost district of Toledo.

Languages spoken by District (2010)[4]
District
Population
English
Spanish
Creole
Mayan
Belize District 95,292 72.5% 34.1% 63.6% 1.2%
Cayo 75,046 66.7% 71.5% 39.9% 6.2%
Orange Walk 45,946 62.2% 85.6% 16.8% 2.3%
Corozal 41,061 54.4% 84.7% 18.9% 2.5%
Stann Creek 34,324 52.0% 39.3% 67.4% 16.3%
Toledo 30,785 47.9% 28.2% 47.2% 68.4%
Total 324,528 62.9% 56.6% 44.6% 10.5%

Standard English and Belizean Creole

[edit]
Sign in Kriol in Caye Caulker.

English is the official language of Belize, a former British colony. It is the primary language of public education, government and most media outlets. According to the 2008 Official Education policy in Belize, children are to be taught when it is appropriate to use Creole, but lessons are not to be taught in Creole language.[5]

When a Creole language exists alongside its lexifier language, as in Belize, a creole continuum forms between the Creole and the lexifier language. This is known as code-switching. It is therefore difficult to substantiate or differentiate the number of Creole speakers compared to English speakers.

In 2007 an English–Kriol dictionary was published by the Belize Kriol Project; the dictionary includes translations and grammatical descriptions.[5]

Spanish

[edit]

Approximately 52.9% of Belizeans self-identify as Mestizo, Latino or Hispanic. Spanish is spoken as a native tongue by about 52.9% of the population,[6] and taught in schools to children who do not have it as their first language. "Kitchen Spanish" is an intermediate form of Spanish mixed with Belizean Creole, and is spoken in northern towns such as Corozal and San Pedro.[7]

Over half the population is bilingual, and a large segment is multilingual. Being such a small and multiethnic state surrounded by Spanish-speaking nations, multilingualism is strongly encouraged in the society.[8][9]

Other languages

[edit]

Belize is also home to three Mayan languages: Q’eqchi’, the endangered indigenous Belizean language of Mopan, and Yucatec Maya.[10][11][12]

Approximately 16,100 people speak the Arawakan-based Garifuna language.[13]

German is spoken in Mennonite colonies and villages. The vast majority of Mennonites in Belize speaks Plautdietsch in everyday life while a minority of some 10 percent speaks Pennsylvania German. Both groups use the German Bible translation of Martin Luther and an old fashioned Standard German in church and in reading and writing. [14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Statistical Institute of Belize (2013). Belize Population and Housing Census 2010: Country Report (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  2. ^ "Belize Population". Countrymeters. Archived from the original on 2021-08-20. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  3. ^ These figures are for people at least 4 years old.
  4. ^ "Languages Spoken in Belize" (Infographic). Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-17 – via The Statistical Institute of Belize, Census 2010.
  5. ^ a b Salmon, William (2015-06-17). "Language Ideology, Gender, and Varieties of Belizean Kriol". Journal of Black Studies. 46 (6): 605–625. doi:10.1177/0021934715590407. ISSN 0021-9347.
  6. ^ "Belize". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  7. ^ "Northern Belize Caste War History; Location". ambergriscaye.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 1996. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Belize 2010 National Census Overview". Belize.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29.
  9. ^ "2010 Census of Belize Detailed Demographics of 2000 and 2010". Belize.com. Archived from the original on 2017-06-01.
  10. ^ "Q'eqchi'". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  11. ^ "Maya, Mopán". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Maya, Yucatec". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Garifuna". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  14. ^ "Plautdietsch". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.