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Coordinates: 19°54′34″N 99°49′39″E / 19.90944°N 99.82750°E / 19.90944; 99.82750
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{{Short description|City in Thailand}}
{{Distinguish|Chiang Mai}}
{{Distinguish|Chiang Mai}}
{{about|the city|the province|Chiang Rai Province}}
{{about|the city|the province|Chiang Rai Province}}
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| mapsize1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = #Thailand#Asia
| pushpin_map = #Thailand#Southeast Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Thailand]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Thailand]]
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| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| established_title = City<br>municipality
| established_title = City<br>municipality
| established_date = 13 February 2004<ref name=CIA>[http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/0E/00138744.PDF],"ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเป็นเทศบาลนคร"</ref>
| established_date = 13 February 2004<ref name=CIA>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111110203624/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/0E/00138744.PDF],"ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเป็นเทศบาลนคร"</ref>
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2 =
| established_date2 =
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| p3 = [[Rim Kok]]
| p3 = [[Rim Kok]]
| p4 = [[San Sai, Mueang Chiang Rai|San Sai]]
| p4 = [[San Sai, Mueang Chiang Rai|San Sai]]
}}{{Contains special characters|Lanna}}
}}{{Contains special characters|Lanna}}'''Chiang Rai''' ({{lang-th|เชียงราย}}, {{IPA-th|tɕʰīəŋ.rāːj|pron}}; {{lang-nod|{{Script|Lana|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}}, เจียงฮาย}}, {{IPA-nod|t͡ɕīəŋ.hāːj}}) is the northernmost major city in [[Thailand]], with a population of about 200,000 people. It is located in [[Mueang Chiang Rai District]], [[Chiang Rai Province]]. Chiang Rai was established as a capital city in the reign of [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]], in 1262 CE.
'''Chiang Rai''' ({{lang-th|เชียงราย}}, {{IPA-th|t͡ɕʰīa̯ŋ rāːj|pron}}; {{lang-nod|{{Script|Lana|ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ}}, เจียงฮาย}}, {{IPA-nod|t͡ɕīa̯ŋ hāːj}}) is the northernmost major city in [[Thailand]], with a population of about 200,000 people. It is located in [[Mueang Chiang Rai District]], [[Chiang Rai Province]]. Chiang Rai was established as a capital city in the reign of [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]], in 1262 CE.


{{Infobox Chinese
{{Infobox Chinese
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The city was founded by [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]] in 1262<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|author-link= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of south-east Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|208}} and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in [[Thai language|Thai]], so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) [[Mangrai|Rai]]'. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by [[Myanmar|Burma]] and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became a [[Chiang Mai]] vassal. Siam (Thailand) annexed Chiang Mai in 1899, and Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933.
The city was founded by [[Mangrai|King Mangrai]] in 1262<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|author-link= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of south-east Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|208}} and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in [[Thai language|Thai]], so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) [[Mangrai|Rai]]'. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by [[Myanmar|Burma]] and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became a [[Chiang Mai]] vassal. Siam (Thailand) annexed Chiang Mai in 1899, and Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933.


In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or [[Emerald Buddha]], the most revered [[Buddharupa|Buddha statue]], was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the [[stupa|chedi]] at Wat Phra Kaeo of Chiang Rai city. The beautiful jade figure was then seen concealed within. Another telling of the story has the "Emerald Buddha" hastily covered in mud just before marauders entered to pillage. Many years later, the clunky-looking mud Buddha was found to actually house a magnificent jade statue, perhaps by way of the earthquake mentioned above—which caused a piece of the clay to break off—revealing the jade beneath.
In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or [[Emerald Buddha]], the most revered [[Buddharupa|Buddha statue]], was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the [[stupa|chedi]] at Wat Phra Kaeo of Chiang Rai city. The jade figure was then seen concealed within. Another telling of the story has the "Emerald Buddha" hastily covered in mud just before marauders entered to pillage. Many years later, the clunky-looking mud Buddha was found to actually house a magnificent jade statue, perhaps by way of the earthquake mentioned above—which caused a piece of the clay to break off—revealing the jade beneath.


In 1992, the [[Lak Mueang|city pillar]] was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to [[Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong]], where it is known as Sadue Mueang ({{lang-th|สะดือเมือง}}), the "navel" or ''[[omphalos]]'' of the city.
In 1992, the [[Lak Mueang|city pillar]] was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to [[Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong]], where it is known as Sadue Mueang ({{lang-th|สะดือเมือง}}), the "navel" or ''[[omphalos]]'' of the city.
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There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That is also the direction where most of the region's [[Hill tribe (Thailand)|hill tribe]] people have their villages, further afield.
There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That is also the direction where most of the region's [[Hill tribe (Thailand)|hill tribe]] people have their villages, further afield.


The city is {{convert|860|km}} north of [[Bangkok]], about {{convert|200|km}} north-east of [[Chiang Mai]], {{convert|62|km}} south of [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] and the [[Burma|Burmese]] border; {{convert|60|km}} south-west of the town of [[Chiang Saen District|Chiang Saen]] on the [[Mekong River]] across from [[Laos]]; and {{convert|90|km}} north of [[Phayao]] town. The [[Golden Triangle (south-east Asia)|Golden Triangle]], the [[tripoint]] of the Thailand, Laos and Myanmar borders, is {{convert|55|km}} north-east of the city.
The city is {{convert|860|km}} north of [[Bangkok]], about {{convert|200|km}} north-east of [[Chiang Mai]], {{convert|62|km}} south of [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] and the [[Burma|Burmese]] border; {{convert|60|km}} south-west of the town of [[Chiang Saen]] on the [[Mekong River]] across from [[Laos]]; and {{convert|90|km}} north of [[Phayao]] town. The [[Golden Triangle (south-east Asia)|Golden Triangle]], the [[tripoint]] of the Thailand, Laos and Myanmar borders, is {{convert|55|km}} north-east of the city.


==Climate==
==Climate==
Chiang Rai has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). Winters are fairly dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at {{convert|34.5|°C|°F}}. The [[monsoon]] season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Chiang Rai has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). Winters are fairly dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at {{convert|34.5|°C|°F}}. The [[monsoon]] season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Snow has been first recorded in 1955.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| width = auto
| location = Chiang Rai (1991–2020 normals)
| location = Chiang Rai (1991–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| single line = Yes
|collapsed =
| Jan record high C = 34.3
| Jan record high C = 34.3
| Feb record high C = 37.0
| Feb record high C = 37.0
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| May record high C = 42.0
| May record high C = 42.0
| Jun record high C = 39.6
| Jun record high C = 39.6
| Jul record high C = 36.2
| Jul record high C = 38.5
| Aug record high C = 35.6
| Aug record high C = 35.6
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Sep record high C = 35.0
| Oct record high C = 34.3
| Oct record high C = 34.6
| Nov record high C = 34.9
| Nov record high C = 34.9
| Dec record high C = 33.5
| Dec record high C = 33.5
| year record high C = 42.0
| year record high C = 42.0
| Jan high C = 28.6
| Jan high C = 28.6
| Feb high C = 31.2
| Feb high C = 31.3
| Mar high C = 33.6
| Mar high C = 33.7
| Apr high C = 34.5
| Apr high C = 34.7
| May high C = 33.4
| May high C = 33.5
| Jun high C = 32.4
| Jun high C = 32.5
| Jul high C = 31.6
| Jul high C = 31.3
| Aug high C = 31.0
| Aug high C = 30.9
| Sep high C = 31.4
| Sep high C = 31.4
| Oct high C = 30.8
| Oct high C = 30.9
| Nov high C = 29.6
| Nov high C = 29.6
| Dec high C = 27.7
| Dec high C = 27.8
| year high C =
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Feb mean C = 21.9
| Feb mean C = 21.9
| Mar mean C = 25.8
| Mar mean C = 24.8
| Apr mean C = 27.3
| Apr mean C = 27.2
| May mean C = 27.5
| May mean C = 27.5
| Jun mean C = 27.5
| Jun mean C = 27.5
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| Oct mean C = 25.4
| Oct mean C = 25.4
| Nov mean C = 22.9
| Nov mean C = 22.9
| Dec mean C = 20.5
| Dec mean C = 20.2
| year mean C =
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 13.7
| Jan low C = 13.8
| Feb low C = 14.5
| Feb low C = 14.5
| Mar low C = 17.5
| Mar low C = 17.5
| Apr low C = 20.9
| Apr low C = 21.1
| May low C = 22.8
| May low C = 23.0
| Jun low C = 23.8
| Jun low C = 24.0
| Jul low C = 23.7
| Jul low C = 23.9
| Aug low C = 23.5
| Aug low C = 23.7
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Oct low C = 21.4
| Oct low C = 21.5
| Nov low C = 17.9
| Nov low C = 17.9
| Dec low C = 14.6
| Dec low C = 14.7
| year low C =
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 1.5
| Jan record low C = 1.5
| Feb record low C = 6.5
| Feb record low C = 6.5
| Mar record low C = 10.0
| Mar record low C = 7.6
| Apr record low C = 14.7
| Apr record low C = 14.7
| May record low C = 17.1
| May record low C = 17.1
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| Jan precipitation mm = 16.5
| Jan precipitation mm = 16.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 12.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 12.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 33.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 34.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 91.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 92.6
| May precipitation mm = 225.3
| May precipitation mm = 226.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 186.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 186.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 317.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 317.6
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| Nov precipitation mm = 44.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 44.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 20.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 20.6
| year precipitation mm = 1720.6
| year precipitation mm = 1723.4
| Jan rain days = 1.6
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Jan precipitation days = 1.5
| Mar rain days = 3.1
| Feb precipitation days = 1.2
| Apr rain days = 6.7
| Mar precipitation days = 2.9
| May rain days = 12.2
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| Jun rain days = 14.3
| May precipitation days = 14.5
| Jul rain days = 18.8
| Jun precipitation days = 14.6
| Aug rain days = 20.0
| Jul precipitation days = 19.6
| Sep rain days = 14.8
| Aug precipitation days = 20.5
| Oct rain days = 8.8
| Sep precipitation days = 14.7
| Nov rain days = 4.8
| Oct precipitation days = 8.3
| Dec rain days = 2.0
| Nov precipitation days = 3.5
| year rain days =
| Dec precipitation days = 1.9
| year precipitation days = 111.1
| Jan humidity = 75
| Feb humidity = 67
| Jan humidity = 74.4
| Mar humidity = 62
| Feb humidity = 67.2
| Apr humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 64.2
| May humidity = 76
| Apr humidity = 67.2
| Jun humidity = 80
| May humidity = 74.7
| Jul humidity = 82
| Jun humidity = 78.8
| Aug humidity = 84
| Jul humidity = 82.1
| Sep humidity = 83
| Aug humidity = 84.1
| Oct humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 82.9
| Nov humidity = 79
| Oct humidity = 80.9
| Dec humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 78.2
| year humidity = 76
| Dec humidity = 76.5
| Jan sun = 272.8
| year humidity = 75.9
| Feb sun = 257.1
| Jan dew point C = 14.7
| Mar sun = 294.5
| Feb dew point C = 14.5
| Apr sun = 279.0
| Mar dew point C = 16.4
| May sun = 198.4
| Apr dew point C = 19.7
| Jun sun = 159.0
| May dew point C = 22.0
| Jul sun = 120.9
| Jun dew point C = 23.2
| Aug sun = 117.8
| Jul dew point C = 23.4
| Sep sun = 144.0
| Aug dew point C = 23.5
| Oct sun = 198.4
| Sep dew point C = 23.1
| Nov sun = 249.0
| Oct dew point C = 21.6
| Dec sun = 251.1
| Nov dew point C = 18.4
| year sun = 2542.0
| Dec dew point C = 15.4
| Jand sun = 8.8
| year dew point C = 19.7
| Febd sun = 9.1
| Jan sun = 248.6
| Mard sun = 9.5
| Feb sun = 242.7
| Aprd sun = 9.3
| Mar sun = 243.7
| Mayd sun = 6.4
| Apr sun = 245.8
| Jund sun = 5.3
| May sun = 216.2
| Juld sun = 3.9
| Jun sun = 158.9
| Augd sun = 3.8
| Jul sun = 123.2
| Sepd sun = 4.8
| Aug sun = 126.0
| Octd sun = 6.4
| Sep sun = 163.3
| Novd sun = 8.3
| Oct sun = 197.8
| Decd sun = 8.1
| Nov sun = 224.4
| yeard sun = 7.0
| Dec sun = 222.2
| year sun = 2412.6
| source 1 = <ref name=RID>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tmd.go.th/en |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=กรมอุตุนิยมวิทยา |language=en-US}}</ref> , tutiempo.net<ref name=>{{Cite web |last=S.L |first=Tutiempo Network |title=Climate Chiang Rai - Climate data (483030) |url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-483030.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=www.tutiempo.net |language=en}}</ref>
|Jand sun = 8.8
⚫
| source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun and humidity)<ref name=RID>{{cite web
|Febd sun = 9.1
|Mard sun = 9.5
|Aprd sun = 9.3
|Mayd sun = 6.4
|Jund sun = 5.3
|Juld sun = 3.9
|Augd sun = 3.8
|Sepd sun = 4.8
|Octd sun = 6.4
|Novd sun = 8.3
|Decd sun = 8.1
|yeard sun = 7.0
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Thailand/CSV/ChiangRai_48303.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref> (extremes)<ref name=TMD1>{{cite web
| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75
| title = Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010
| publisher = Thai Meteorological Department
| accessdate = 4 August 2016}}</ref>
⚫
| source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (mean daily sun 1981–2010)<ref name=RID>{{cite web
| url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf
| url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf
| title = ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)
| title = ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)
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| page = 11
| page = 11
| language = th
| language = th
| access-date = 31 July 2016}}</ref>
| access-date = 31 July 2016}}</ref>}}
| source =
}}


{{Climate chart
{{Climate chart
|Chiang Rai
|Chiang Rai
|12.8|28.6|7.5
|13|28|16
|13.7|31.3|13.8
|14|31|12
|16.9|33.8|28.2
|17|33|33
|20.6|34.8|97.9
|20|34|91
|22.5|33.1|213.4
|22|33|225
|23.6|32.1|178.4
|23|32|186
|23.4|31.1|310.9
|23|31|317
|23.3|30.9|358.4
|23|31|372
|22.7|31.1|283.9
|23|31|275
|21.1|30.5|124.9
|21|30|123
|17.3|28.8|59.2
|17|29|44
|13.5|27.2|14.0
|14|27|20
|source =[[Thai Meteorological Department]]<ref name="TMD" >{{cite web|title=www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|source =[[Thai Meteorological Department]]<ref name="TMD" >{{cite web
|title=www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|url=http://www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303 }}</ref>
|url=http://www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|access-date=2012-01-09
|archive-date=2014-08-05
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805183722/http://www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|accessdate= Jan 2012
|accessdate= Jan 2012
|float=right
|float=right
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* [http://www.cris.ac.th Chiang Rai International School]
* [http://www.cris.ac.th Chiang Rai International School]
* [http://crics.asia/ Chiang Rai International Christian School] {{Coord|19|57.022|N|99|49.893|E|type:landmark}}
* [http://crics.asia/ Chiang Rai International Christian School] {{Coord|19|57.022|N|99|49.893|E|type:landmark}}
* [http://onehope.ac.th/ One Hope International School]


===High schools===
===High schools===
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*[[Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School]]
*[[Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School]]
* Chiangrai municiplarity school 6
* Chiangrai municiplarity school 6
* [[Chiang Rai International School]]
* Chiang Rai International School


===Primary schools===
===Primary schools===
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Route 1 runs from [[Bangkok]] through Chiang Rai to [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] on the [[Burma]] border. Chiang Rai is 839 kilometers from Bangkok, about 14 hours by car or by bus. According to official bus schedules, the bus ride to Chiang Rai from [[Chiang Mai]] takes approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, All of these times should take into account the rainy season which lasts from about June to late October, this can severely inhibit travel with road sections often completely flooded and even washed out.
Route 1 runs from [[Bangkok]] through Chiang Rai to [[Mae Sai District|Mae Sai]] on the [[Burma]] border. Chiang Rai is 839 kilometers from Bangkok, about 14 hours by car or by bus. According to official bus schedules, the bus ride to Chiang Rai from [[Chiang Mai]] takes approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, All of these times should take into account the rainy season which lasts from about June to late October, this can severely inhibit travel with road sections often completely flooded and even washed out.


Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. [[Mae Fah Luang International Airport]] flight time is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air.
Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. [[Chiang Rai International Airport]] flight time is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air.


There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and [[Ban Thaton|Thaton]] in Chiang Mai Province daily. This journey will last about 3–4 hours and is a pleasant alternative to the bus ride through the mountains.
There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and [[Ban Thaton|Thaton]] in Chiang Mai Province daily. This journey will last about 3–4 hours and is a pleasant alternative to the bus ride through the mountains.


There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. There have been talks of extending the rail line from Den Chai to Chiang Rai in the near future,<ref>[http://www.railway.co.th/English/pro14_expan.asp railway.co.th] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010001841/http://www.railway.co.th/English/pro14_expan.asp |date=October 10, 2007 }}</ref> but this is unlikely to happen as the city's population is well below 1 million and there aren't as many international tourists visiting Chiang Rai as Chiang Mai. Also there are no major industrial complexes in the region as it is largely a rural economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://directory.ucanews.com/dioceses/thailand-chiang-rai/565|title=Chiang Rai Diocese Thailand {{!}} Diocese of Chiang Rai Thailand {{!}} Ucanews|website=directory.ucanews.com|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710011115/http://directory.ucanews.com/dioceses/thailand-chiang-rai/565|archive-date=2018-07-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>
There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. Nonetheless, new 323 kilometer-long branch line, from [[Den Chai railway station|Den Chai]] to the Lao border at [[Chiang Khong]] and passing through Chiang Rai, is under construction and is expected to open in 2028.<ref name="tim">{{citation|title=The History of Den Chai–Chiang Khong Dual-Track Railway Project|url=https://www.crbulletin.com/the-history-of-den-chai-chiang-khong-dual-track-railway-project/|date=1 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chiangraitimes.com/news/railway-tunnel-in-chiang-rai/|title=Excavation Begin on 6.2-Kilometer Railway Tunnel in Chiang Rai|publisher=Chiang Rai Times|date=2023-03-06|access-date=2023-06-05}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chiangraiprovince.org|title=Chiang Rai Information Services {{!}} Information on Chiang Rai Thailand {{!}} Chiangraiprovince|website=directory.chiagraiprovince.org|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
Exploring the [https://www.chiangraitimes.com/tourism/attractions-in-chiang-rai-thailand/ Majestic Beauty of Chiang Rai], Thailand


==External links==
==External links==
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{{commons category|Chiang Rai}}
{{commons category|Chiang Rai}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Chiang Rai}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Chiang Rai}}
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B191JbbquhQ&t=9s


{{Coord|19|54|34|N|99|49|39|E|type:city_region:TH|display=title}}
{{Coord|19|54|34|N|99|49|39|E|type:city_region:TH|display=title}}

Revision as of 06:12, 5 July 2024

Not to be confused with Chiang Mai.
This article is about the city. For the province, see Chiang Rai Province.
Chiang Rai
เชียงราย
ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ
City Municipality
Chiang Rai Municipality
เทศบาลนครเชียงราย
ᩅ᩠ᨿᨦᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ
Chiang Rai Clock Tower
Chiang Rai Clock Tower
Official seal of Chiang Rai
Seal
Map
Chiang Rai is located in Thailand
Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai
Location in Thailand
Chiang Rai is located in Southeast Asia
Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai (Southeast Asia)
Coordinates: 19°54′34″N 99°49′39″E / 19.90944°N 99.82750°E / 19.90944; 99.82750
Country Thailand
Province Chiang Rai Province
DistrictMueang Chiang Rai
City
municipality		13 February 2004[1]
Founded byKing Mangrai
Subdistricts
4
Government
 • TypeCity municipality
 • MayorWanchai Chongsutthamani
Area
 • Total60.85 km2 (23.49 sq mi)
Elevation
390 m (1,280 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total69,888
 • Density1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code
57000
Area code(+66) 53
Geocode5100
AirportChiang Rai International Airport
Old Chiang Rai Airport
Websitechiangraicity.go.th
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This article contains Lanna text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Tai Tham script.

Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [t͡ɕʰīa̯ŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, เจียงฮาย, Northern Thai pronunciation: [t͡ɕīa̯ŋ hāːj]) is the northernmost major city in Thailand, with a population of about 200,000 people. It is located in Mueang Chiang Rai District, Chiang Rai Province. Chiang Rai was established as a capital city in the reign of King Mangrai, in 1262 CE.

Chiang Rai
"Chiang Rai" in Thai language (top) and
Northern Thai with Tai Tham script (bottom)
Thai name
Thaiเชียงราย
RTGSChiang Rai
Northern Thai name
Northern Thaiᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ
[tɕiaŋ.haːj]

History

Sadue Mueang, omphalos of the city

The city was founded by King Mangrai in 1262[2]: 208  and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in Thai, so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) Rai'. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by Burma and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became a Chiang Mai vassal. Siam (Thailand) annexed Chiang Mai in 1899, and Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933.

In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or Emerald Buddha, the most revered Buddha statue, was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the chedi at Wat Phra Kaeo of Chiang Rai city. The jade figure was then seen concealed within. Another telling of the story has the "Emerald Buddha" hastily covered in mud just before marauders entered to pillage. Many years later, the clunky-looking mud Buddha was found to actually house a magnificent jade statue, perhaps by way of the earthquake mentioned above—which caused a piece of the clay to break off—revealing the jade beneath.

In 1992, the city pillar was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong, where it is known as Sadue Mueang (Thai: สะดือเมือง), the "navel" or omphalos of the city.

Geography

Chiang Rai lies on the flat alluvial plain of the Kok River, a tributary of the Mekong, between the Daen Lao Range in the north and the Phi Pan Nam Range in the south. The Kok River runs along Chiang Rai's north side, flowing eastwards out of Burma at Tha Ton(ท่าตอม) town, bending north-eastwards and joining the Mekong River about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the city. The Lao River, a tributary of the Kok, flows south of Chiang Rai.

There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That is also the direction where most of the region's hill tribe people have their villages, further afield.

The city is 860 kilometres (530 mi) north of Bangkok, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north-east of Chiang Mai, 62 kilometres (39 mi) south of Mae Sai and the Burmese border; 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of the town of Chiang Saen on the Mekong River across from Laos; and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Phayao town. The Golden Triangle, the tripoint of the Thailand, Laos and Myanmar borders, is 55 kilometres (34 mi) north-east of the city.

Climate

Chiang Rai has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are fairly dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at 34.5 °C (94.1 °F). The monsoon season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. Snow has been first recorded in 1955.

Climate data for Chiang Rai (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.3
(93.7) 		37.0
(98.6) 		39.3
(102.7) 		41.3
(106.3) 		42.0
(107.6) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.5
(101.3) 		35.6
(96.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.6
(94.3) 		34.9
(94.8) 		33.5
(92.3) 		42.0
(107.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		33.7
(92.7) 		34.7
(94.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.4
(88.5) 		30.9
(87.6) 		29.6
(85.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		31.4
(88.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		25.4
(77.7) 		22.9
(73.2) 		20.2
(68.4) 		24.8
(76.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		14.5
(58.1) 		17.5
(63.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		23.0
(73.4) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		21.5
(70.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.9
(67.8)
Record low °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7) 		6.5
(43.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		14.7
(58.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.5
(34.7) 		1.5
(34.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.5
(0.65) 		12.7
(0.50) 		34.5
(1.36) 		92.6
(3.65) 		226.5
(8.92) 		186.2
(7.33) 		317.6
(12.50) 		372.9
(14.68) 		275.1
(10.83) 		123.5
(4.86) 		44.8
(1.76) 		20.6
(0.81) 		1,723.4
(67.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1.5 1.2 2.9 7.9 14.5 14.6 19.6 20.5 14.7 8.3 3.5 1.9 111.1
Average relative humidity (%) 74.4 67.2 64.2 67.2 74.7 78.8 82.1 84.1 82.9 80.9 78.2 76.5 75.9
Average dew point °C (°F) 14.7
(58.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.0
(71.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		21.6
(70.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.7
(67.5)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 248.6 242.7 243.7 245.8 216.2 158.9 123.2 126.0 163.3 197.8 224.4 222.2 2,412.6
Mean daily sunshine hours 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.3 6.4 5.3 3.9 3.8 4.8 6.4 8.3 8.1 7.0
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[3] (extremes)[4]
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (mean daily sun 1981–2010)[5]
Chiang Rai
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
16
 
 
28
13
 
 
12
 
 
31
14
 
 
33
 
 
33
17
 
 
91
 
 
34
20
 
 
225
 
 
33
22
 
 
186
 
 
32
23
 
 
317
 
 
31
23
 
 
372
 
 
31
23
 
 
275
 
 
31
23
 
 
123
 
 
30
21
 
 
44
 
 
29
17
 
 
20
 
 
27
14
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Thai Meteorological Department[6]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.6
 
 
82
55
 
 
0.5
 
 
88
57
 
 
1.3
 
 
91
63
 
 
3.6
 
 
93
68
 
 
8.9
 
 
91
72
 
 
7.3
 
 
90
73
 
 
12
 
 
88
73
 
 
15
 
 
88
73
 
 
11
 
 
88
73
 
 
4.8
 
 
86
70
 
 
1.7
 
 
84
63
 
 
0.8
 
 
81
57
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

According to the Thai National Statistical Office, as of September 2010, Chiang Rai municipal district had a population of 199,699. With the spread of the city extending into neighboring districts, the metropolitan area is considered somewhat larger by local residents. Chiang Rai city is the capital city and business center of the Chiang Rai Province, home to 1.1 million residents.[citation needed]

A significant share—12.5 percent—of the population are of hill tribes descent. "Hill tribes" is a collective term for the minority ethnic groups in north Thailand such as the Karen, Akha, Lisu, Miao, and Hmong.

Government

Chiang Rai City is the capital of Chiang Rai Province.

The city hall 19°54.805′N 99°49.615′E / 19.913417°N 99.826917°E / 19.913417; 99.826917 houses the provincial offices. The thesaban houses the municipal offices 19°54′34″N 99°49′39″E / 19.90944°N 99.82750°E / 19.90944; 99.82750.

Buddhist temples

Chiang Rai Clock Tower in Wiang Mueang area

Education

Colleges and universities

International schools

High schools

Primary schools

Hospitals

In 2018 the survivors of the Tham Luang cave rescue were brought to Chiang Rai, the nearest large city for hospital care.[7]

  • Overbrook Hospital (semi-private) Founded in 1903 by Dr. William A. Briggs, as a Missionary hospital.
  • Kasemrad Sriburin General Hospital, Private hospital.
  • Chiang Rai Prachanukhro Hospital, Public hospital.
  • Fort Mengraimaharaj Hospital, Military public hospital.
  • Chiang Rai Inter Hospital, Private hospital.
  • Bangkok Hospital - Chiang Rai, Private hospital by BDMS chain.

Transportation

Route 1 runs from Bangkok through Chiang Rai to Mae Sai on the Burma border. Chiang Rai is 839 kilometers from Bangkok, about 14 hours by car or by bus. According to official bus schedules, the bus ride to Chiang Rai from Chiang Mai takes approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, All of these times should take into account the rainy season which lasts from about June to late October, this can severely inhibit travel with road sections often completely flooded and even washed out.

Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. Chiang Rai International Airport flight time is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air.

There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and Thaton in Chiang Mai Province daily. This journey will last about 3–4 hours and is a pleasant alternative to the bus ride through the mountains.

There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. Nonetheless, new 323 kilometer-long branch line, from Den Chai to the Lao border at Chiang Khong and passing through Chiang Rai, is under construction and is expected to open in 2028.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ [1],"ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเป็นเทศบาลนคร"
  2. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of south-east Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  3. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  4. ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  5. ^ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 11. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  6. ^ "www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303". Archived from the original on 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
  7. ^ "Thai Cave Rescue Live Updates: 8th Person Is Out". Retrieved 2018-07-09.
  8. ^ The History of Den Chai–Chiang Khong Dual-Track Railway Project, 1 March 2023
  9. ^ "Excavation Begin on 6.2-Kilometer Railway Tunnel in Chiang Rai". Chiang Rai Times. 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-06-05.

Exploring the Majestic Beauty of Chiang Rai, Thailand

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