Potassium pyrosulfate: Difference between revisions

Potassium pyrosulfate
Names
	IUPAC name dipotassium (sulfonatooxy)sulfonate
	Other names Potassium pyrosulphate; potassium disulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7790-62-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	56432 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.288
EC Number	232-216-8;
PubChem CID	62681;
UNII	AVJ6ZST7L6;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10889580 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2K.H2O7S2/c;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/2K.H2O7S2/c;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-NUQVWONBAQ;
	SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+];
Properties
Chemical formula	K2O7S2
Molar mass	254.31 g·mol−1
Density	2.28 g/cm3
Melting point	325 °C (617 °F; 598 K)
Solubility in water	25.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314, H331
Precautionary statements	P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

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Potassium pyrosulfate, or potassium disulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula K₂S₂O₇.

Production

Potassium pyrosulfate is obtained by the thermal decomposition of other salts, most directly from potassium bisulfate:^[1]

2 KHSO₄ → K₂S₂O₇ + H₂O

Temperatures above 600°C further decompose potassium pyrosulfate to potassium sulfate and sulfur trioxide however:^[2]

K₂S₂O₇ → K₂SO₄ + SO₃

Other salts, such as potassium trisulfate,^[3] can also decompose into potassium pyrosulfate.

Chemical structure

Potassium pyrosulfate contains the pyrosulfate anion which has a dichromate-like structure. The geometry can be visualized as a tetrahedron with two corners sharing the SO₄ anion's configuration and a centrally bridged oxygen atom.^[4] A semi-structural formula for the pyrosulfate anion is O₃SOSO₃²⁻. The oxidation state of sulfur in this compound is +6.

Uses

Potassium pyrosulfate is used in analytical chemistry; samples are fused with potassium pyrosulfate, (or a mixture of potassium pyrosulfate and potassium fluoride) to ensure complete dissolution prior to a quantitative analysis.^[5]^[6]

The compound is also present in a catalyst in conjunction with vanadium(V) oxide in the industrial production of sulfur trioxide.^[7]

References

^ Washington Wiley, Harvey (1895). Principles and Practice of Agricultural Analysis: Fertilizers. Easton, PA.: Chemical Publishing Co. p. 218. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Potassium disulfate.
^ Iredelle Dillard Hinds, John (1908). Inorganic Chemistry: With the Elements of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 547. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Potassium disulfate.
^ Brauer, Georg (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 2, 2nd Ed. New York: Academic Press. p. 1716. ISBN 9780323161299.
^ Ståhl, K.; Balic-Zunic, T.; da Silva, F.; Eriksen, K. M.; Berg, R. W.; Fehrmann, R. (2005). "The crystal structure determination and refinements of K₂S₂O₇, KNaS₂O₇ and Na₂S₂O₇ from X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction data". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 178 (5): 1697–1704. Bibcode:2005JSSCh.178.1697S. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.022.
^ Trostbl, L. J.; Wynne, D. J. (1940). "Determination of quartz (free silica) in refractory clays". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 23 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1940.tb14187.x.
^ Sill, C. W. (1980). "Determination of gross alpha, plutonium, neptunium, and/or uranium by gross alpha counting on barium sulphate". Analytical Chemistry. 52 (9): 1452–1459. doi:10.1021/ac50059a018.
^ Burkhardt, Donald (1965). "Sulfur trioxide production, US3362786A". Google Patents. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[1] Washington Wiley, Harvey (1895). Principles and Practice of Agricultural Analysis: Fertilizers. Easton, PA.: Chemical Publishing Co. p. 218. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Potassium disulfate.

[2] Iredelle Dillard Hinds, John (1908). Inorganic Chemistry: With the Elements of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 547. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Potassium disulfate.

[Georg-3] Brauer, Georg (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 2, 2nd Ed. New York: Academic Press. p. 1716. ISBN 9780323161299.

[4] Ståhl, K.; Balic-Zunic, T.; da Silva, F.; Eriksen, K. M.; Berg, R. W.; Fehrmann, R. (2005). "The crystal structure determination and refinements of K₂S₂O₇, KNaS₂O₇ and Na₂S₂O₇ from X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction data". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 178 (5): 1697–1704. Bibcode:2005JSSCh.178.1697S. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.022.

[5] Trostbl, L. J.; Wynne, D. J. (1940). "Determination of quartz (free silica) in refractory clays". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 23 (1): 18–22. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1940.tb14187.x.

[6] Sill, C. W. (1980). "Determination of gross alpha, plutonium, neptunium, and/or uranium by gross alpha counting on barium sulphate". Analytical Chemistry. 52 (9): 1452–1459. doi:10.1021/ac50059a018.

[7] Burkhardt, Donald (1965). "Sulfur trioxide production, US3362786A". Google Patents. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

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@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 | MeltingPtC= 325
 | BoilingPtC=
-| Solubility= soluble
+| Solubility= 25.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
   }}
 |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 | NFPA-S =
 | PEL =
-| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}
+| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}
 | GHSSignalWord = Danger
-| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314|318|331}}
+| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314|331}}
 | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|271|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|311|321|363|403+233|405|501}}
 }}
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 '''Potassium pyrosulfate''', or '''potassium disulfate''', is an [[inorganic compound]] with the [[chemical formula]] K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.
+==Production==
+Potassium pyrosulfate is obtained by the thermal decomposition of other salts, most directly from [[potassium bisulfate]]:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Washington Wiley|first1=Harvey|title=Principles and Practice of Agricultural Analysis: Fertilizers|date=1895|publisher=Chemical Publishing Co.|location=Easton, PA.|page=[https://archive.org/details/principlesandpr03wilegoog/page/n232 218]|url=https://archive.org/details/principlesandpr03wilegoog|quote=Potassium disulfate.|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>
+: 2 KHSO<sub>4</sub> → K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
+Temperatures above 600°C further decompose potassium pyrosulfate to [[potassium sulfate]] and [[sulfur trioxide]] however:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Iredelle Dillard Hinds|first1=John|title=Inorganic Chemistry: With the Elements of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry|date=1908|publisher=John Wiley & Sons.|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00hinduoft/page/547 547]|url=https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00hinduoft|quote=Potassium disulfate.|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>
+: K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + SO<sub>3</sub>
+Other salts, such as [[potassium trisulfate]],<ref name="Georg">{{cite book|last=Brauer|first=Georg|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 2, 2nd Ed.|date=1963|publisher=Academic Press|location=New York|isbn=9780323161299|page=1716|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pef47TK5NfkC}}</ref> can also decompose into potassium pyrosulfate.
+==Chemical structure==
+Potassium pyrosulfate contains the [[pyrosulfate]] [[anion]] which has a [[dichromate]]-like [[Chemical structure|structure]]. The [[Molecular geometry|geometry]] can be visualized as a [[tetrahedron]] with two corners sharing the [[Sulfate|SO<sub>4</sub>]] anion's configuration and a centrally bridged oxygen atom.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The crystal structure determination and refinements of K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, KNaS<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> from X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction data |last=Ståhl |first=K. |last2=Balic-Zunic |first2=T. |last3=da Silva |first3=F. |last4=Eriksen |first4=K. M. |last5=Berg |first5=R. W. |last6=Fehrmann |first6=R. |journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry |volume=178 |issue=5 |pages=1697–1704 |year=2005 |doi=10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.022 |bibcode = 2005JSSCh.178.1697S |url=http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/the-crystal-structure-determination-and-refinements-of-k2s2o7-knas2o7-and-na2s2o7-from-xray-powder-and-single-crystal-diffraction-data(9509b129-d51a-4a6b-8972-5cb4ca003ad0).html }}</ref> A semi-[[Structural_formula#Condensed_formulas|structural formula]] for the pyrosulfate anion is O<sub>3</sub>SOSO<sub>3</sub><sup>2<nowiki>&minus;</nowiki></sup>. The [[oxidation state]] of sulfur in this compound is +6.
 ==Uses==
 Potassium pyrosulfate is used in [[analytical chemistry]]; samples are fused with potassium pyrosulfate, (or a mixture of potassium pyrosulfate and [[potassium fluoride]]) to ensure complete dissolution prior to a [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)|quantitative analysis]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Determination of quartz (free silica) in refractory clays |last=Trostbl |first=L. J. |last2=Wynne |first2=D. J. |journal=Journal of the American Ceramic Society |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=18–22 |year=1940 |doi=10.1111/j.1151-2916.1940.tb14187.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Determination of gross alpha, plutonium, neptunium, and/or uranium by gross alpha counting on barium sulphate |first=C. W. |last=Sill |journal=Analytical Chemistry |year=1980 |volume=52 |issue=9 |pages=1452–1459 |doi=10.1021/ac50059a018 }}</ref>
-The compound is also present in a [[catalyst]] in conjunction with [[vanadium(V) oxide]] in the industrial production of sulfur trioxide.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burkhardt|first1=Donald||year=1965|title=Sulfur trioxide production, US3362786A|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3362786A/en|website=Google Patents|accessdate=31 December 2015}}</ref>
+The compound is also present in a [[catalyst]] in conjunction with [[vanadium(V) oxide]] in the industrial production of sulfur trioxide.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burkhardt|first1=Donald|year=1965|title=Sulfur trioxide production, US3362786A|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3362786A/en|website=Google Patents|access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>
 ==See also==

v t e Potassium compounds
H, (pseudo)halogens	KF KHF₂ KH KCl KClO KClO₃ KClO₄ KBr KBrO₃ KI KIO₃ KIO₄ KAt KCN KCNO KOCN KSCN
chalcogens	K₂O KOH K₂O₂ KO₂ KO₃ K₂S KHS K₂SO₃ KHSO₃ K₂SO₄ KHSO₄ KHSO₅ K₂S₂O₃ K₂S₂O₅ K₂S₂O₇ K₂S₂O₈ K₂Se K₂SeO₃ K₂SeO₄ K₂Te K₂TeO₃ K₂TeO₄ K₂Po
pnictogens	K₃N KNH₂ KN₃ KNO₂ KNO₃ K₃P KH₂PO₃ K₃PO₄ K₂HPO₄ KH₂PO₄ KPF₆ KAsO₂ K₃AsO₄ K₂HAsO₄ KH₂AsO₄
B, C group	B₄K₂O₇ K₂CO₃ KHCO₃ K₂SiO₃ K₂SiF₆ K₂Al₂O₄ K₂Al₂B₂O₇
transition metals	K₂PtCl₄ K₂Pt(CN)₄ K₂TiF₆ K₂PtCl₆ K₂ReCl₆ K ₂ReF ₆ KAsF₆ K₂ReBr₆ K ₂ReI ₆ K₂ZrF₆ K₄Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃ K₂FeO₄ K₂MnO₄ KMnO₄ K₃CrO₄ K₂CrO₄ K₃CrO₈ KCrO₃Cl K₂Cr₂O₇ K₂Cr₃O₁₀ K₂Cr₄O₁₃ K₄Mo₂Cl₈
organic	KHCO₂ KCH₃CO₂ KCF₃CO₂ K₂C₂O₄ KHC₂O₄ KC₁₂H₂₃O₂ KC₁₈H₃₅O₂ C₃H₂K₂O₄ C₄H₆KO₄ C₅H₇KO₄