offendo

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ofˈfɛn.do/
Rhymes: -ɛndo
Hyphenation: of‧fèn‧do

Verb

offendo

first-person singular present indicative of offendere

Anagrams

effondo

Latin

Etymology

From ob- (“against”) +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Compare dēfendō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ofˈfen.doː/, [ɔfˈfɛn̪d̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ofˈfen.do/, [ofˈfɛn̪d̪o]

Verb

offendō (present infinitive offendere, perfect active offendī, supine offēnsum); third conjugation

to hit, thrust, strike against something
- c. 40 BCE, De Bello Hispaniensi, chapter 23:
  Ita cum eius [mīlitis] compar proelium facere coepisset, cum undique sē circumvenīrī animum advertisset, ingressus pedem offendit.
  So, although his [the soldier's] partner had begun to fight, when he noticed that he was being surrounded on all sides, after starting to leave, he hit his foot.
- 30 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Sermo 1.2‎^[1], archived from the original on 2017-05-27, lines 74-78:
  Quidquid sum ego, quamvīs
  īnfrā Lūcīlī cēnsum ingeniumque, tamen mē
  cum magnīs vīxisse invīta fatēbitur ūsque
  invidia et fragilī quaerēns inlīdere dentem
  offendet solidō [...]
  Whatever I am like, though
  inferior to the wealth and talent of Lucilius, nevertheless, that I
  have lived with great men [is something that] reluctant envy will fully admit
  and, seeking to sink her tooth into something soft,
  will strike it against something solid [...]
- c. 95 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria‎^[2], archived from the original on 2020-06-03, book 6, chapter 3, line 67:
  An nōn plūrima dīcuntur quod refert Cicerō dē homine praelongō, caput eum ad fornicem Fabium offendisse [...]
  Rather, not many things are said like what Cicero reports about a very tall man, that he hit his head on the Fabian arch [...]
to meet, encounter (someone)
Synonyms: inveniō, obeō, occurrō, congredior, prōcēdō
(figuratively) to suffer damage, receive an injury
to fail, be unfortunate
to find fault, take offence
to stumble, blunder, commit offence or sin
Synonyms: committō, dēlinquō, lābor, errō
to shock, vex, offend, mortify, scandalize

Conjugation

Conjugation of offendō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	offendō	offendis	offendit	offendimus	offenditis	offendunt
	imperfect	offendēbam	offendēbās	offendēbat	offendēbāmus	offendēbātis	offendēbant
	future	offendam	offendēs	offendet	offendēmus	offendētis	offendent
	perfect	offendī	offendistī	offendit	offendimus	offendistis	offendērunt, offendēre
	pluperfect	offenderam	offenderās	offenderat	offenderāmus	offenderātis	offenderant
	future perfect	offenderō	offenderis	offenderit	offenderimus	offenderitis	offenderint
passive	present	offendor	offenderis, offendere	offenditur	offendimur	offendiminī	offenduntur
	imperfect	offendēbar	offendēbāris, offendēbāre	offendēbātur	offendēbāmur	offendēbāminī	offendēbantur
	future	offendar	offendēris, offendēre	offendētur	offendēmur	offendēminī	offendentur
	perfect	offēnsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	offēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	offēnsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	offendam	offendās	offendat	offendāmus	offendātis	offendant
imperfect	offenderem	offenderēs	offenderet	offenderēmus	offenderētis	offenderent
perfect	offenderim	offenderīs	offenderit	offenderīmus	offenderītis	offenderint
pluperfect	offendissem	offendissēs	offendisset	offendissēmus	offendissētis	offendissent
passive	present	offendar	offendāris, offendāre	offendātur	offendāmur	offendāminī	offendantur
imperfect	offenderer	offenderēris, offenderēre	offenderētur	offenderēmur	offenderēminī	offenderentur
perfect	offēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	offēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	offende	—	—	offendite	—
active	future	—	offenditō	offenditō	—	offenditōte	offenduntō
passive	present	—	offendere	—	—	offendiminī	—
passive	future	—	offenditor	offenditor	—	—	offenduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		offendere	offendisse	offēnsūrum esse	offendī	offēnsum esse	offēnsum īrī
participles		offendēns	—	offēnsūrus	—	offēnsus	offendendus, offendundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		offendendī	offendendō	offendendum	offendendō	offēnsum	offēnsū

Derived terms

Descendants

Catalan: ofendre
Italian: offendere
Old French: offendre
- Middle French: offendre
  - → Middle English: offenden
    - English: offend
    - Scots: offend
Sicilian: affènniri
Spanish: ofender
Venetan: ofendar

Noun

offendō f (genitive offendinis); third declension

an offence

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	offendō	offendinēs
genitive	offendinis	offendinum
dative	offendinī	offendinibus
accusative	offendinem	offendinēs
ablative	offendine	offendinibus
vocative	offendō	offendinēs

Synonyms

(an offense): offēnsa, offēnsiō

References

“offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
offendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to meet, come across a person; to meet casually: offendere, nancisci aliquem
- to hurt some one's feelings: offendere aliquem, alicuius animum
- to hurt some one's feelings: offendere apud aliquem (Cluent. 23. 63)
- to feel hurt by something: offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur)
- to have something to say against a person, to object to him: offendere in aliquo (Mil. 36. 99)
- to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion: offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98)