lika

See also: líka and līķa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lika, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *slīką. Related to Estonian liga, Ingrian lika, Karelian lika／liga, Livonian liegā and Ludian ľiga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlikɑ/, [ˈlikɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ikɑ
• Syllabification^(key): li‧ka

Noun

lika

1. dirt, filth, stain, muck

Declension

Inflection of lika (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)
nominative		lika	liat
genitive		lian	likojen
partitive		likaa	likoja
illative		likaan	likoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lika	liat
accusative	nom.	lika	liat
	gen.	lian
genitive		lian	likojen likain rare
partitive		likaa	likoja
inessive		liassa	lioissa
elative		liasta	lioista
illative		likaan	likoihin
adessive		lialla	lioilla
ablative		lialta	lioilta
allative		lialle	lioille
essive		likana	likoina
translative		liaksi	lioiksi
abessive		liatta	lioitta
instructive		—	lioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of lika (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative likani likani accusative nom. likani likani gen. likani genitive likani likojeni likaini rare partitive likaani likojani inessive liassani lioissani elative liastani lioistani illative likaani likoihini adessive liallani lioillani ablative lialtani lioiltani allative lialleni lioilleni essive likanani likoinani translative liakseni lioikseni abessive liattani lioittani instructive — — comitative — likoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative likasi likasi accusative nom. likasi likasi gen. likasi genitive likasi likojesi likaisi rare partitive likaasi likojasi inessive liassasi lioissasi elative liastasi lioistasi illative likaasi likoihisi adessive liallasi lioillasi ablative lialtasi lioiltasi allative liallesi lioillesi essive likanasi likoinasi translative liaksesi lioiksesi abessive liattasi lioittasi instructive — — comitative — likoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative likamme likamme accusative nom. likamme likamme gen. likamme genitive likamme likojemme likaimme rare partitive likaamme likojamme inessive liassamme lioissamme elative liastamme lioistamme illative likaamme likoihimme adessive liallamme lioillamme ablative lialtamme lioiltamme allative liallemme lioillemme essive likanamme likoinamme translative liaksemme lioiksemme abessive liattamme lioittamme instructive — — comitative — likoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative likanne likanne accusative nom. likanne likanne gen. likanne genitive likanne likojenne likainne rare partitive likaanne likojanne inessive liassanne lioissanne elative liastanne lioistanne illative likaanne likoihinne adessive liallanne lioillanne ablative lialtanne lioiltanne allative liallenne lioillenne essive likananne likoinanne translative liaksenne lioiksenne abessive liattanne lioittanne instructive — — comitative — likoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative likansa likansa accusative nom. likansa likansa gen. likansa genitive likansa likojensa likainsa rare partitive likaansa likojaan likojansa inessive liassaan liassansa lioissaan lioissansa elative liastaan liastansa lioistaan lioistansa illative likaansa likoihinsa adessive liallaan liallansa lioillaan lioillansa ablative lialtaan lialtansa lioiltaan lioiltansa allative lialleen liallensa lioilleen lioillensa essive likanaan likanansa likoinaan likoinansa translative liakseen liaksensa lioikseen lioiksensa abessive liattaan liattansa lioittaan lioittansa instructive — — comitative — likoineen likoinensa

Synonyms

• loka
• roipe
• räpäkkä

Derived terms

• liata
• likainen
• likautua
• liko

 

compounds

• irtolika
• lianarka
• likaahylkivä
• likakaivo
• likakerros
• likapilkku
• likapyykki
• likasanko
• likavaatteet
• likavesi
• likaviemäri
• likaämpäri

 

Further reading

• “lika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• kali, laki

French

Pronunciation

• Homophones: likas, likât

Verb

lika

1. third-person singular past historic of liker

Hawaiian

Noun

lika

1. liter (unit of measure)

Hungarian

Etymology

lik (“hole [dialectal]”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlikɒ]
• Hyphenation: li‧ka

Noun

lika

1. Alternative form of lyuka, third-person singular single-possession possessive of lik

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	lika	—
accusative	likát	—
dative	likának	—
instrumental	likával	—
causal-final	likáért	—
translative	likává	—
terminative	likáig	—
essive-formal	likaként	—
essive-modal	likául	—
inessive	likában	—
superessive	likán	—
adessive	likánál	—
illative	likába	—
sublative	likára	—
allative	likához	—
elative	likából	—
delative	likáról	—
ablative	likától	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	likáé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	likáéi	—

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lika. Cognates include Finnish lika and Estonian liga.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈlikɑ/, [ˈlʲikɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlikɑ/, [ˈlʲiɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ikɑ
• Hyphenation: li‧ka

Noun

lika

1. dirt, filth

Declension

Declension of lika (type 3/kana, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	lika	liat
genitive	lian	likkoin
partitive	likkaa	likoja
illative	likkaa	likkoi
inessive	lias	liois
elative	liast	lioist
allative	lialle	lioille
adessive	lial	lioil
ablative	lialt	lioilt
translative	liaks	lioiks
essive	likanna, likkaan	likoinna, likkoin
exessive1)	likant	likoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• riima

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 265

Karelian

Regional variants of lika

North Karelian (Viena)	lika
South Karelian (Tver)	liga

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lika. Cognates include Finnish lika and Estonian liga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlʲikɑ/
• Hyphenation: li‧ka

Noun

lika (genitive lijan, partitive likua)

1. (North Karelian) muck, dirt

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of lika (type 4/kala, ik-ij gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	lika	lijat
genitive	lijan	likojen
partitive	likua	likoja
illative	likah	likoih
inessive	lijašša	lijoissa
elative	lijašta	lijoista
adessive	lijalla	lijoilla
ablative	lijalta	lijoilta
translative	lijakši	lijoiksi
essive	likana	likoina
comitative	—	lijoineh
abessive	lijatta	lijoitta

Possessive forms of lika
1st person	likani
2nd person	likaš
3rd person	likah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “lika”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN

Latvian

Verb

lika

1. third-person singular/plural past indicative of likt

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• likene

Noun

lika n

1. definite plural of lik

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliːkɑ/

Noun

lika n

1. definite plural of lik

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²liːkɑ/

Verb

lika (imperative lik or lika, present tense likar or liker, simple past lika or likte, past participle lika or likt)

1. Alternative form of like

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-lika (infinitive kulika)

1. Stative form of -la: to be edible

Conjugation

Conjugation of -lika
Positive present -nalika Subjunctive -like Negative -liki Imperative singular lika
Infinitives
Positive kulika Negative kutolika
Imperatives
Singular lika Plural likeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulika Positive past positive subject concord + -lilika Negative past negative subject concord + -kulika
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalika) Singular Plural 1st person ninalika/nalika tunalika 2nd person unalika mnalika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) analika wanalika other classes positive subject concord + -nalika
Negative present (negative subject concord + -liki) Singular Plural 1st person siliki hatuliki 2nd person huliki hamliki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haliki hawaliki other classes negative subject concord + -liki
Positive future positive subject concord + -talika Negative future negative subject concord + -talika
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -like) Singular Plural 1st person nilike tulike 2nd person ulike mlike 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alike walike other classes positive subject concord + -like
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silike Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelika Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelika Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilika Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilika
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alika) Singular Plural 1st person nalika twalika 2nd person walika mwalika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alika walika m-mi(III/IV) walika yalika ji-ma(V/VI) lalika yalika ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalika vyalika n(IX/X) yalika zalika u(XI) walika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwalika pa(XVI) palika mu(XVIII) mwalika
Perfect positive subject concord + -melika "Already" positive subject concord + -meshalika "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalika "If/When" positive subject concord + -kilika "If not" positive subject concord + -sipolika Consecutive kalika / positive subject concord + -kalika Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalike
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nilika -tulika 2nd person -kulika -walika/-kulikeni/-walikeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlika -walika m-mi(III/IV) -ulika -ilika ji-ma(V/VI) -lilika -yalika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilika -vilika n(IX/X) -ilika -zilika u(XI) -ulika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kulika pa(XVI) -palika mu(XVIII) -mulika Reflexive -jilika
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lika- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -likaye -likao m-mi(III/IV) -likao -likayo ji-ma(V/VI) -likalo -likayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -likacho -likavyo n(IX/X) -likayo -likazo u(XI) -likao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -likako pa(XVI) -likapo mu(XVIII) -likamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lika) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yelika -olika m-mi(III/IV) -olika -yolika ji-ma(V/VI) -lolika -yolika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholika -vyolika n(IX/X) -yolika -zolika u(XI) -olika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kolika pa(XVI) -polika mu(XVIII) -molika
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse líka, from Proto-Germanic *līkāną, *galīkāną.

Verb

lika (present likar, preterite likade, supine likat, imperative lika)

1. to make more similar to; align
2. (archaic) to put up with, accept
3. (archaic) to like, be fond of

Conjugation

Conjugation of lika (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	lika		—
Supine	likat		—
Imperative	lika		—
Imper. plural1	liken		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	likar	likade	—	—
Ind. plural1	lika	likade	—	—
Subjunctive2	like	likade	—	—
	Participles
Present participle	likande
Past participle	likad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• förlika
• likna
• liknelse

Etymology 2

Adjective

lika

1. inflection of lik:
   1. definite singular
   2. plural

Compounds

• likadan

See also

• lika med

Adverb

lika (not comparable)

1. as, equally, in the same way, of the same degree

Further reading

• lika in Svensk ordbok.

Anagrams

• klia