jó
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Ugric *jomɜ ~ *jamɜ (“good”). Cognates include Northern Mansi ёмас (ëmas, “good, right, nice”)[1][2] and possibly also Erzya ён (jon, “good, right, nice”).
Adjective
editjó (comparative jobb, superlative legjobb)
- good (good for something (can be used for) -ra/-re, good at something -ban/-ben, good for someone (positively affects) -nak/-nek, good to someone [e.g. helping, caring] -hoz/-hez/-höz)
- See synonyms at Thesaurus:jó.
- Antonym: rossz
- (used with ideje/ideig, darab, adag, néhány and some other fixed phrases) quite (some), fair (amount of…), considerable, significant, hefty, sizeable
Declension
editInflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | jó | jók |
accusative | jót | jókat |
dative | jónak | jóknak |
instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
causal-final | jóért | jókért |
translative | jóvá | jókká |
terminative | jóig | jókig |
essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | jóban | jókban |
superessive | jón | jókon |
adessive | jónál | jóknál |
illative | jóba | jókba |
sublative | jóra | jókra |
allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
elative | jóból | jókból |
delative | jóról | jókról |
ablative | jótól | jóktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
jóé | jóké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
jóéi | jókéi |
Derived terms
editTerms derived from the jav- stem variant [see below]
Terms derived from jobb (“better”)
Terms derived from the jó- stem variant
Compound words
- jóakarat → jóakaratú, jóakaró
- jóasszony
- jóárasít
- jóban-rosszban (and other forms of jó-rossz)
- jóbarát
- jóember
- jóérzés → jóérzésű
- jófejség
- jófejű
- jófiú
- jóhangzás
- jóhiszemű → jóhiszeműség
- jóindulat → jóindulatú
- jóisten
- jóízű
- jókedv
- jóképű
- jókívánság
- jókötésű
- jólelkű
- jólét
- jómadár
- jómaga → jómagam
- jómód → jómódú
- jónép
- jópofa
- Jóreménység foka
- jórészben, jórészt
- jószántából
- jószerével
- jószívű
- jószolgálat
- jószomszédi
- jótanács
- jótékony, jótét, jótétemény, jótett, jótevő
- jóvágású
- jóvérű
- jóvoltából
Compound words from inflected forms (several used like prefixes)
Expressions (excluding greetings)
Greetings and good wishes
Noun
edit- good thing or person
- Még a jóktól is elvették a javaikat.
- Even the good ones were deprived of their possessions.
- (literally, “Even from the good ones too they took away their goods.”)
- B (an academic grade, better than a C and worse than an A) (Uses only the "jó-" stem, not "jav-".)
- (plural only) goods, possessions, assets (see at javak)
Usage notes
editThe 5-point grade system in Hungary:
- jeles (“excellent”) or ötös (“five”), like English A
- jó (“good”) or négyes (“four”), like English B
- közepes (“fair, satisfactory”) or hármas (“three”), like English C
- elégséges (“sufficient”) or kettes (“two”), like English D
- elégtelen (“insufficient”) or egyes (“one”), like English F
Declension
editIn the senses “good thing or person” and “B (academic grade)”:
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | jó | jók |
accusative | jót | jókat |
dative | jónak | jóknak |
instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
causal-final | jóért | jókért |
translative | jóvá | jókká |
terminative | jóig | jókig |
essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | jóban | jókban |
superessive | jón | jókon |
adessive | jónál | jóknál |
illative | jóba | jókba |
sublative | jóra | jókra |
allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
elative | jóból | jókból |
delative | jóról | jókról |
ablative | jótól | jóktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
jóé | jóké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
jóéi | jókéi |
Possessive forms of jó | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | jóm | jóim |
2nd person sing. | jód | jóid |
3rd person sing. | jója | jói |
1st person plural | jónk | jóink |
2nd person plural | jótok | jóitok |
3rd person plural | jójuk | jóik |
In the sense “goods, possessions, assets”:
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | — | javak |
accusative | — | javakat |
dative | — | javaknak |
instrumental | — | javakkal |
causal-final | — | javakért |
translative | — | javakká |
terminative | — | javakig |
essive-formal | — | javakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | — | javakban |
superessive | — | javakon |
adessive | — | javaknál |
illative | — | javakba |
sublative | — | javakra |
allative | — | javakhoz |
elative | — | javakból |
delative | — | javakról |
ablative | — | javaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
— | javaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
— | javakéi |
Possessive forms of jó | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | — | javaim |
2nd person sing. | — | javaid |
3rd person sing. | — | javai |
1st person plural | — | javaink |
2nd person plural | — | javaitok |
3rd person plural | — | javaik |
Derived terms
editCompound words
Interjection
editjó
Adverb
editjó (not comparable)
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Uralic *joke.[3] Cognates include Northern Mansi я̄ (â̄, “river”), Finnish joki (“river”), Estonian jõgi (“river”), Karelian jogi (“river”), Veps jogi (“river”). Replaced by folyó.
Noun
editjó (plural jók)
Declension
editInflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | jó | jók |
accusative | jót | jókat |
dative | jónak | jóknak |
instrumental | jóval | jókkal |
causal-final | jóért | jókért |
translative | jóvá | jókká |
terminative | jóig | jókig |
essive-formal | jóként | jókként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | jóban | jókban |
superessive | jón | jókon |
adessive | jónál | jóknál |
illative | jóba | jókba |
sublative | jóra | jókra |
allative | jóhoz | jókhoz |
elative | jóból | jókból |
delative | jóról | jókról |
ablative | jótól | jóktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
jóé | jóké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
jóéi | jókéi |
Possessive forms of jó | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | jóm | jóim |
2nd person sing. | jód | jóid |
3rd person sing. | jója | jói |
1st person plural | jónk | jóink |
2nd person plural | jótok | jóitok |
3rd person plural | jójuk | jóik |
References
edit- ^ Géza Bárczi, Magyar szófejtő szótár, Trezor Kiadó, 1991, →ISBN
- ^ Starostin's Uralic Database, Entry #1782
- ^ Entry #1760 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ jó in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Entry #186 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
edit- jó in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kpee
editNoun
editjó
References
edit- V Vydrin, On the Problem of the Proto-Mande Homeland (JOLR, 2009)
Middle Vietnamese
editVerb
editjó
- Alternative spelling of gió
References
edit- Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “jó”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide
Navajo
editInterjection
editjó
- well, you see, you know, as you know
- Jó, nizhóní! ― Well, that’s nice.
- Jó, ákótʼé. ― that’s the way it is.
Conjunction
editjó
Noone
editVerb
editjó
References
edit- R. Blench, Beboid Comparative
Old Norse
editNoun
editjó
Seenku
editNoun
editjó
References
edit- V Vydrin, On the Problem of the Proto-Mande Homeland (JOLR, 2009)
Categories:
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/joː
- Rhymes:Hungarian/joː/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian adjectives
- Hungarian adjectives taking -ra/-re
- Hungarian adjectives taking -ban/-ben
- Hungarian adjectives taking -nak/-nek
- Hungarian adjectives taking -hoz/-hez/-höz
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian nouns with multiple plural forms
- Hungarian pluralia tantum
- Hungarian nouns with alternating stems
- Hungarian interjections
- Hungarian adverbs
- Hungarian uncomparable adverbs
- Hungarian informal terms
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian terms with obsolete senses
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with adverb and noun etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple noun etymologies
- Hungarian terms with interjection and noun etymologies
- Hungarian terms with adjective and noun etymologies
- Kpee lemmas
- Kpee nouns
- Middle Vietnamese lemmas
- Middle Vietnamese verbs
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo interjections
- Navajo terms with usage examples
- Navajo conjunctions
- Noone lemmas
- Noone verbs
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse noun forms
- Seenku lemmas
- Seenku nouns