include

English

Alternative forms

• enclude (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈkluːd/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈkluːd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːd

Verb

include (third-person singular simple present includes, present participle including, simple past and past participle included)

1. To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member.

   I will purchase the vacation package if you will include car rental.

2. To consider as part of something; to comprehend.

   The vacation package includes car rental.

   Does this volume of Shakespeare include his sonnets?

   I was included in the invitation to the family gathering.

   up to and including page twenty-five

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     The whole included race, his purposed prey.

   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     The loss of such a lord includes all harm.

3. (obsolete) To enclose, confine. [from early 15th c.]
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
     , New York, 2001, p.107:

     I could have here willingly ranged, but these straits wherein I am included will not permit.

4. (obsolete) To conclude; to terminate.
   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

     Come, let us go; we will include all jars / With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity.

5. (programming) To use a directive that allows the use of source code from another file.

   You have to include the strings library to use this function.

Antonyms

• exclude

Derived terms

• batteries-included
• includable
• include me out
• includible
• reinclude
• uninclude

 

Related terms

• inclusion (noun)
• inclusive (adjective)

Translations

to bring into as a part or member

• Assamese: সাঙোৰ (xaṅür)
• Azerbaijani: daxil etmək
• Bulgarian: включвам (bg) (vključvam)
• Catalan: incloure (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 包括 (zh) (bāokuò), 包含 (zh) (bāohán)

• Esperanto: ampleksi
• Finnish: sisällyttää (fi)
• French: inclure (fr), comprendre (fr)
• Galician: incluír (gl)
• German: einschließen (de), mit einbeziehen
• Greek: συμπεριλαμβάνω (el) (symperilamváno)
• Hebrew: כלל (he)
• Hungarian: belevesz (hu), belefoglal (hu)
• Khmer: បញ្ចូល (km) (bɑñcoul)
• Latin: inclūdō
• Macedonian: вклучува impf (vklučuva), вклучи pf (vkluči)
• Malayalam: ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുക (uḷppeṭuttuka)
• Maori: whakauru, tapeke
• Old English: belūcan
• Pitcairn-Norfolk: enkluud
• Polish: dołączyć (pl) pf, dołączać (pl) impf, uwzględniać (pl) impf, wkluczać impf (obsolete), angażować (pl) impf, zaangażować (pl) pf
• Portuguese: incluir (pt)
• Russian: включа́ть (ru) impf (vključátʹ), включи́ть (ru) pf (vključítʹ), присоединя́ть (ru) impf (prisojedinjátʹ), присоедини́ть (ru) pf (prisojedinítʹ)
• Spanish: incluir (es)
• Swedish: ta med (sv), inkludera (sv), inberäkna
• Tagalog: isama
• Turkish: dâhil etmek (tr)
• Welsh: cynnwys (cy)

to contain, as part of a whole

• Arabic: تضمن (taḍammana)
• Assamese: সাঙোৰ (xaṅür)
• Bulgarian: обхващам (bg) (obhvaštam)
• Catalan: incloure (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 包括 (zh) (bāokuò), 包含 (zh) (bāohán)

• Esperanto: ampleksi
• Finnish: sisältää (fi), sisältyä (fi)
• French: inclure (fr), comprendre (fr)
• Galician: incluír (gl)
• German: einschließen (de), mit einbeziehen
• Greek: συμπεριλαμβάνω (el) (symperilamváno)
• Hungarian: tartalmaz (hu), magában foglal, (to view it as containing sth) beleért (hu)
• Italian: includere (it), comprendere (it), comportare (it)
• Japanese: 含む (ja) (ふくむ, fukumu)
• Khmer: បញ្ចូល (km) (bɑñcoul)
• Korean: 포함하다 (ko) (pohamhada)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: گِرتِنەوە (girtinewe)

• Malayalam: ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുക (uḷppeṭuttuka), ഉൾക്കൊള്ളിക്കുക (uḷkkoḷḷikkuka)
• Old English: belūcan
• Persian: شامل شدن (šâmel šodan), در بر داشتن (dar bar dâštan)
• Pitcairn-Norfolk: enkluud
• Polish: zawierać (pl) impf, zawrzeć (pl) pf, obejmować (pl) impf, objąć (pl) pf
• Portuguese: incluir (pt)
• Russian: включа́ть (ru) impf (vključátʹ), включи́ть (ru) pf (vključítʹ), содержа́ть (ru) impf (soderžátʹ)
• Spanish: incluir (es)
• Swedish: inkludera (sv), innefatta (sv)
• Turkish: içermek (tr), ihtiva etmek (tr)
• Vietnamese: bao gồm (vi)
• Welsh: cynnwys (cy)
• Yiddish: כּולל זײַן (koylel zayn)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} ضَمّ (ar) (ḍamm)
• Czech: ^{(please verify)} zahrnout (cs)
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} invoegen (nl), ^{(please verify)} bijvoegen (nl)
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} inkluzivi, ^{(please verify)} enhavi
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} inkluzar (io)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} includere (it), ^{(please verify)} inserire (it), ^{(please verify)} aggiungere (it)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} teneo (la)
• Maori: ^{(please verify)} whakauru
• Persian: ^{(please verify)} در برداشتن, ^{(please verify)} شامل بودن (fa), ^{(please verify)} متضمن بودن, ^{(please verify)} قرار دادن (fa), ^{(please verify)} شمردن (fa), ^{(please verify)} به حساب آوردن, ^{(please verify)} شامل شدن, ^{(please verify)} دربر گرفتن, ^{(please verify)} گنجاندن (fa), ^{(please verify)} شامل کردن (šâmel kardan)
• Romanian: ^{(please verify)} include (ro)
• Scottish Gaelic: ^{(please verify)} gabh a-steach
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} incluir (es)

Noun

include (plural includes)

1. (programming) A piece of source code or other content that is dynamically retrieved for inclusion in another item.
   • 2006, Laura Lemay, Rafe Colburn, Sams Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML and CSS in One Hour a Day:

     In the previous lesson, you learned how to use server-side includes, which enable you to easily include snippets of web pages within other web pages.

Derived terms

• include guard

Anagrams

• clued in, clued-in, nuclide

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈklu.de/
• Rhymes: -ude
• Hyphenation: in‧clù‧de

Verb

include

1. third-person singular present indicative of includere

Anagrams

• dulcine, nuclide

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈkluː.de/, [ɪŋˈkɫ̪uːd̪ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈklu.de/, [iŋˈkluːd̪e]

Verb

inclūde

1. second-person singular present active imperative of inclūdō

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin includere. Doublet of the inherited închide.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈklude/

Verb

a include (third-person singular present include, past participle inclus) 3rd conj.

1. to include

   Antonym: exclude

Conjugation

    conjugation of include (third conjugation, past participle in -s)

infinitive			a include
gerund			incluzând
past participle			inclus
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	includ	incluzi	include	includem	includeți	includ
	imperfect	includeam	includeai	includea	includeam	includeați	includeau
	simple perfect	inclusei	incluseși	incluse	incluserăm	incluserăți	incluseră
	pluperfect	inclusesem	incluseseși	inclusese	incluseserăm	incluseserăți	incluseseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să includ	să incluzi	să includă	să includem	să includeți	să includă
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		include			includeți
	negative		nu include			nu includeți

Derived terms

• includere

Related terms

• închis
• inclus
• inclusiv
• incluziune