Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukugqoka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugqoka
|
ukungagqoki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
gqoka
|
-gqoke
|
Plural
|
gqokani
|
-gqokeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagqoka, ngigqoka
|
engigqokayo, engigqoka
|
ngigqoka
|
angigqoki
|
engingagqoki
|
ngingagqoki
|
2nd singular
|
uyagqoka, ugqoka
|
ogqokayo, ogqoka
|
ugqoka
|
awugqoki
|
ongagqoki
|
ungagqoki
|
1st plural
|
siyagqoka, sigqoka
|
esigqokayo, esigqoka
|
sigqoka
|
asigqoki
|
esingagqoki
|
singagqoki
|
2nd plural
|
niyagqoka, nigqoka
|
enigqokayo, enigqoka
|
nigqoka
|
anigqoki
|
eningagqoki
|
ningagqoki
|
Class 1
|
uyagqoka, ugqoka
|
ogqokayo, ogqoka
|
egqoka
|
akagqoki
|
ongagqoki
|
engagqoki
|
Class 2
|
bayagqoka, bagqoka
|
abagqokayo, abagqoka
|
begqoka
|
abagqoki
|
abangagqoki
|
bengagqoki
|
Class 3
|
uyagqoka, ugqoka
|
ogqokayo, ogqoka
|
ugqoka
|
awugqoki
|
ongagqoki
|
ungagqoki
|
Class 4
|
iyagqoka, igqoka
|
egqokayo, egqoka
|
igqoka
|
ayigqoki
|
engagqoki
|
ingagqoki
|
Class 5
|
liyagqoka, ligqoka
|
eligqokayo, eligqoka
|
ligqoka
|
aligqoki
|
elingagqoki
|
lingagqoki
|
Class 6
|
ayagqoka, agqoka
|
agqokayo, agqoka
|
egqoka
|
awagqoki
|
angagqoki
|
engagqoki
|
Class 7
|
siyagqoka, sigqoka
|
esigqokayo, esigqoka
|
sigqoka
|
asigqoki
|
esingagqoki
|
singagqoki
|
Class 8
|
ziyagqoka, zigqoka
|
ezigqokayo, ezigqoka
|
zigqoka
|
azigqoki
|
ezingagqoki
|
zingagqoki
|
Class 9
|
iyagqoka, igqoka
|
egqokayo, egqoka
|
igqoka
|
ayigqoki
|
engagqoki
|
ingagqoki
|
Class 10
|
ziyagqoka, zigqoka
|
ezigqokayo, ezigqoka
|
zigqoka
|
azigqoki
|
ezingagqoki
|
zingagqoki
|
Class 11
|
luyagqoka, lugqoka
|
olugqokayo, olugqoka
|
lugqoka
|
alugqoki
|
olungagqoki
|
lungagqoki
|
Class 14
|
buyagqoka, bugqoka
|
obugqokayo, obugqoka
|
bugqoka
|
abugqoki
|
obungagqoki
|
bungagqoki
|
Class 15
|
kuyagqoka, kugqoka
|
okugqokayo, okugqoka
|
kugqoka
|
akugqoki
|
okungagqoki
|
kungagqoki
|
Class 17
|
kuyagqoka, kugqoka
|
okugqokayo, okugqoka
|
kugqoka
|
akugqoki
|
okungagqoki
|
kungagqoki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigqokile, ngigqokē
|
engigqokile, engigqokē
|
ngigqokile, ngigqokē
|
angigqokanga
|
engingagqokanga
|
ngingagqokanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugqokile, ugqokē
|
ogqokile, ogqokē
|
ugqokile, ugqokē
|
awugqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
ungagqokanga
|
1st plural
|
sigqokile, sigqokē
|
esigqokile, esigqokē
|
sigqokile, sigqokē
|
asigqokanga
|
esingagqokanga
|
singagqokanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigqokile, nigqokē
|
enigqokile, enigqokē
|
nigqokile, nigqokē
|
anigqokanga
|
eningagqokanga
|
ningagqokanga
|
Class 1
|
ugqokile, ugqokē
|
ogqokile, ogqokē
|
egqokile, egqokē
|
akagqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
Class 2
|
bagqokile, bagqokē
|
abagqokile, abagqokē
|
begqokile, begqokē
|
abagqokanga
|
abangagqokanga
|
bengagqokanga
|
Class 3
|
ugqokile, ugqokē
|
ogqokile, ogqokē
|
ugqokile, ugqokē
|
awugqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
ungagqokanga
|
Class 4
|
igqokile, igqokē
|
egqokile, egqokē
|
igqokile, igqokē
|
ayigqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
ingagqokanga
|
Class 5
|
ligqokile, ligqokē
|
eligqokile, eligqokē
|
ligqokile, ligqokē
|
aligqokanga
|
elingagqokanga
|
lingagqokanga
|
Class 6
|
agqokile, agqokē
|
agqokile, agqokē
|
egqokile, egqokē
|
awagqokanga
|
angagqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
Class 7
|
sigqokile, sigqokē
|
esigqokile, esigqokē
|
sigqokile, sigqokē
|
asigqokanga
|
esingagqokanga
|
singagqokanga
|
Class 8
|
zigqokile, zigqokē
|
ezigqokile, ezigqokē
|
zigqokile, zigqokē
|
azigqokanga
|
ezingagqokanga
|
zingagqokanga
|
Class 9
|
igqokile, igqokē
|
egqokile, egqokē
|
igqokile, igqokē
|
ayigqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
ingagqokanga
|
Class 10
|
zigqokile, zigqokē
|
ezigqokile, ezigqokē
|
zigqokile, zigqokē
|
azigqokanga
|
ezingagqokanga
|
zingagqokanga
|
Class 11
|
lugqokile, lugqokē
|
olugqokile, olugqokē
|
lugqokile, lugqokē
|
alugqokanga
|
olungagqokanga
|
lungagqokanga
|
Class 14
|
bugqokile, bugqokē
|
obugqokile, obugqokē
|
bugqokile, bugqokē
|
abugqokanga
|
obungagqokanga
|
bungagqokanga
|
Class 15
|
kugqokile, kugqokē
|
okugqokile, okugqokē
|
kugqokile, kugqokē
|
akugqokanga
|
okungagqokanga
|
kungagqokanga
|
Class 17
|
kugqokile, kugqokē
|
okugqokile, okugqokē
|
kugqokile, kugqokē
|
akugqokanga
|
okungagqokanga
|
kungagqokanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgqoka
|
engāgqoka
|
ngāgqoka
|
angigqokanga
|
engingagqokanga
|
ngingagqokanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgqoka
|
owāgqoka
|
wāgqoka
|
awugqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
ungagqokanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgqoka
|
esāgqoka
|
sāgqoka
|
asigqokanga
|
esingagqokanga
|
singagqokanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgqoka
|
enāgqoka
|
nāgqoka
|
anigqokanga
|
eningagqokanga
|
ningagqokanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgqoka
|
owāgqoka
|
āgqoka
|
akagqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgqoka
|
abāgqoka
|
bāgqoka
|
abagqokanga
|
abangagqokanga
|
bengagqokanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgqoka
|
owāgqoka
|
wāgqoka
|
awugqokanga
|
ongagqokanga
|
ungagqokanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgqoka
|
eyāgqoka
|
yāgqoka
|
ayigqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
ingagqokanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgqoka
|
elāgqoka
|
lāgqoka
|
aligqokanga
|
elingagqokanga
|
lingagqokanga
|
Class 6
|
āgqoka
|
āgqoka
|
āgqoka
|
awagqokanga
|
angagqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgqoka
|
esāgqoka
|
sāgqoka
|
asigqokanga
|
esingagqokanga
|
singagqokanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgqoka
|
ezāgqoka
|
zāgqoka
|
azigqokanga
|
ezingagqokanga
|
zingagqokanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgqoka
|
eyāgqoka
|
yāgqoka
|
ayigqokanga
|
engagqokanga
|
ingagqokanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgqoka
|
ezāgqoka
|
zāgqoka
|
azigqokanga
|
ezingagqokanga
|
zingagqokanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgqoka
|
olwāgqoka
|
lwāgqoka
|
alugqokanga
|
olungagqokanga
|
lungagqokanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgqoka
|
obāgqoka
|
bāgqoka
|
abugqokanga
|
obungagqokanga
|
bungagqokanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgqoka
|
okwāgqoka
|
kwāgqoka
|
akugqokanga
|
okungagqokanga
|
kungagqokanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgqoka
|
okwāgqoka
|
kwāgqoka
|
akugqokanga
|
okungagqokanga
|
kungagqokanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagqoka
|
—
|
ngingagqoka
|
ngingegqoke
|
—
|
ngingegqoke
|
2nd singular
|
ungagqoka
|
—
|
ungagqoka
|
ungegqoke
|
—
|
ungegqoke
|
1st plural
|
singagqoka
|
—
|
singagqoka
|
singegqoke
|
—
|
singegqoke
|
2nd plural
|
ningagqoka
|
—
|
ningagqoka
|
ningegqoke
|
—
|
ningegqoke
|
Class 1
|
angagqoka
|
—
|
engagqoka
|
angegqoke
|
—
|
engegqoke
|
Class 2
|
bangagqoka
|
—
|
bengagqoka
|
bangegqoke
|
—
|
bengegqoke
|
Class 3
|
ungagqoka
|
—
|
ungagqoka
|
ungegqoke
|
—
|
ungegqoke
|
Class 4
|
ingagqoka
|
—
|
ingagqoka
|
ingegqoke
|
—
|
ingegqoke
|
Class 5
|
lingagqoka
|
—
|
lingagqoka
|
lingegqoke
|
—
|
lingegqoke
|
Class 6
|
angagqoka
|
—
|
engagqoka
|
angegqoke
|
—
|
engegqoke
|
Class 7
|
singagqoka
|
—
|
singagqoka
|
singegqoke
|
—
|
singegqoke
|
Class 8
|
zingagqoka
|
—
|
zingagqoka
|
zingegqoke
|
—
|
zingegqoke
|
Class 9
|
ingagqoka
|
—
|
ingagqoka
|
ingegqoke
|
—
|
ingegqoke
|
Class 10
|
zingagqoka
|
—
|
zingagqoka
|
zingegqoke
|
—
|
zingegqoke
|
Class 11
|
lungagqoka
|
—
|
lungagqoka
|
lungegqoke
|
—
|
lungegqoke
|
Class 14
|
bungagqoka
|
—
|
bungagqoka
|
bungegqoke
|
—
|
bungegqoke
|
Class 15
|
kungagqoka
|
—
|
kungagqoka
|
kungegqoke
|
—
|
kungegqoke
|
Class 17
|
kungagqoka
|
—
|
kungagqoka
|
kungegqoke
|
—
|
kungegqoke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogqoka
|
engizogqoka
|
ngizogqoka
|
angizugqoka
|
engingezugqoka
|
ngingezugqoka
|
2nd singular
|
uzogqoka
|
ozogqoka
|
uzogqoka
|
awuzugqoka
|
ongezugqoka
|
ungezugqoka
|
1st plural
|
sizogqoka
|
esizogqoka
|
sizogqoka
|
asizugqoka
|
esingezugqoka
|
singezugqoka
|
2nd plural
|
nizogqoka
|
enizogqoka
|
nizogqoka
|
anizugqoka
|
eningezugqoka
|
ningezugqoka
|
Class 1
|
uzogqoka
|
ozogqoka
|
ezogqoka
|
akazugqoka
|
ongezugqoka
|
engezugqoka
|
Class 2
|
bazogqoka
|
abazogqoka
|
bezogqoka
|
abazugqoka
|
abangezugqoka
|
bengezugqoka
|
Class 3
|
uzogqoka
|
ozogqoka
|
uzogqoka
|
awuzugqoka
|
ongezugqoka
|
ungezugqoka
|
Class 4
|
izogqoka
|
ezogqoka
|
izogqoka
|
ayizugqoka
|
engezugqoka
|
ingezugqoka
|
Class 5
|
lizogqoka
|
elizogqoka
|
lizogqoka
|
alizugqoka
|
elingezugqoka
|
lingezugqoka
|
Class 6
|
azogqoka
|
azogqoka
|
ezogqoka
|
awazugqoka
|
angezugqoka
|
engezugqoka
|
Class 7
|
sizogqoka
|
esizogqoka
|
sizogqoka
|
asizugqoka
|
esingezugqoka
|
singezugqoka
|
Class 8
|
zizogqoka
|
ezizogqoka
|
zizogqoka
|
azizugqoka
|
ezingezugqoka
|
zingezugqoka
|
Class 9
|
izogqoka
|
ezogqoka
|
izogqoka
|
ayizugqoka
|
engezugqoka
|
ingezugqoka
|
Class 10
|
zizogqoka
|
ezizogqoka
|
zizogqoka
|
azizugqoka
|
ezingezugqoka
|
zingezugqoka
|
Class 11
|
luzogqoka
|
oluzogqoka
|
luzogqoka
|
aluzugqoka
|
olungezugqoka
|
lungezugqoka
|
Class 14
|
buzogqoka
|
obuzogqoka
|
buzogqoka
|
abuzugqoka
|
obungezugqoka
|
bungezugqoka
|
Class 15
|
kuzogqoka
|
okuzogqoka
|
kuzogqoka
|
akuzugqoka
|
okungezugqoka
|
kungezugqoka
|
Class 17
|
kuzogqoka
|
okuzogqoka
|
kuzogqoka
|
akuzugqoka
|
okungezugqoka
|
kungezugqoka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogqoka
|
engiyogqoka
|
ngiyogqoka
|
angiyugqoka
|
engingeyugqoka
|
ngingeyugqoka
|
2nd singular
|
uyogqoka
|
oyogqoka
|
uyogqoka
|
awuyugqoka
|
ongeyugqoka
|
ungeyugqoka
|
1st plural
|
siyogqoka
|
esiyogqoka
|
siyogqoka
|
asiyugqoka
|
esingeyugqoka
|
singeyugqoka
|
2nd plural
|
niyogqoka
|
eniyogqoka
|
niyogqoka
|
aniyugqoka
|
eningeyugqoka
|
ningeyugqoka
|
Class 1
|
uyogqoka
|
oyogqoka
|
eyogqoka
|
akayugqoka
|
ongeyugqoka
|
engeyugqoka
|
Class 2
|
bayogqoka
|
abayogqoka
|
beyogqoka
|
abayugqoka
|
abangeyugqoka
|
bengeyugqoka
|
Class 3
|
uyogqoka
|
oyogqoka
|
uyogqoka
|
awuyugqoka
|
ongeyugqoka
|
ungeyugqoka
|
Class 4
|
iyogqoka
|
eyogqoka
|
iyogqoka
|
ayiyugqoka
|
engeyugqoka
|
ingeyugqoka
|
Class 5
|
liyogqoka
|
eliyogqoka
|
liyogqoka
|
aliyugqoka
|
elingeyugqoka
|
lingeyugqoka
|
Class 6
|
ayogqoka
|
ayogqoka
|
eyogqoka
|
awayugqoka
|
angeyugqoka
|
engeyugqoka
|
Class 7
|
siyogqoka
|
esiyogqoka
|
siyogqoka
|
asiyugqoka
|
esingeyugqoka
|
singeyugqoka
|
Class 8
|
ziyogqoka
|
eziyogqoka
|
ziyogqoka
|
aziyugqoka
|
ezingeyugqoka
|
zingeyugqoka
|
Class 9
|
iyogqoka
|
eyogqoka
|
iyogqoka
|
ayiyugqoka
|
engeyugqoka
|
ingeyugqoka
|
Class 10
|
ziyogqoka
|
eziyogqoka
|
ziyogqoka
|
aziyugqoka
|
ezingeyugqoka
|
zingeyugqoka
|
Class 11
|
luyogqoka
|
oluyogqoka
|
luyogqoka
|
aluyugqoka
|
olungeyugqoka
|
lungeyugqoka
|
Class 14
|
buyogqoka
|
obuyogqoka
|
buyogqoka
|
abuyugqoka
|
obungeyugqoka
|
bungeyugqoka
|
Class 15
|
kuyogqoka
|
okuyogqoka
|
kuyogqoka
|
akuyugqoka
|
okungeyugqoka
|
kungeyugqoka
|
Class 17
|
kuyogqoka
|
okuyogqoka
|
kuyogqoka
|
akuyugqoka
|
okungeyugqoka
|
kungeyugqoka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigqoke
|
ngingagqoki
|
2nd singular
|
ugqoke
|
ungagqoki
|
1st plural
|
sigqoke
|
singagqoki
|
2nd plural
|
nigqoke
|
ningagqoki
|
Class 1
|
agqoke
|
angagqoki
|
Class 2
|
bagqoke
|
bangagqoki
|
Class 3
|
ugqoke
|
ungagqoki
|
Class 4
|
igqoke
|
ingagqoki
|
Class 5
|
ligqoke
|
lingagqoki
|
Class 6
|
agqoke
|
angagqoki
|
Class 7
|
sigqoke
|
singagqoki
|
Class 8
|
zigqoke
|
zingagqoki
|
Class 9
|
igqoke
|
ingagqoki
|
Class 10
|
zigqoke
|
zingagqoki
|
Class 11
|
lugqoke
|
lungagqoki
|
Class 14
|
bugqoke
|
bungagqoki
|
Class 15
|
kugqoke
|
kungagqoki
|
Class 17
|
kugqoke
|
kungagqoki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagqoka
|
ngangagqoka, angagqoka, angangagqoka
|
2nd singular
|
wagqoka
|
wangagqoka, awagqoka, awangagqoka
|
1st plural
|
sagqoka
|
sangagqoka, asagqoka, asangagqoka
|
2nd plural
|
nagqoka
|
nangagqoka, anagqoka, anangagqoka
|
Class 1
|
wagqoka
|
wangagqoka, akagqoka, akangagqoka
|
Class 2
|
bagqoka
|
bangagqoka, abagqoka, abangagqoka
|
Class 3
|
wagqoka
|
wangagqoka, awagqoka, awangagqoka
|
Class 4
|
yagqoka
|
yangagqoka, ayagqoka, ayangagqoka
|
Class 5
|
lagqoka
|
langagqoka, alagqoka, alangagqoka
|
Class 6
|
agqoka
|
angagqoka, awagqoka, awangagqoka
|
Class 7
|
sagqoka
|
sangagqoka, asagqoka, asangagqoka
|
Class 8
|
zagqoka
|
zangagqoka, azagqoka, azangagqoka
|
Class 9
|
yagqoka
|
yangagqoka, ayagqoka, ayangagqoka
|
Class 10
|
zagqoka
|
zangagqoka, azagqoka, azangagqoka
|
Class 11
|
lwagqoka
|
lwangagqoka, alwagqoka, alwangagqoka
|
Class 14
|
bagqoka
|
bangagqoka, abagqoka, abangagqoka
|
Class 15
|
kwagqoka
|
kwangagqoka, akwagqoka, akwangagqoka
|
Class 17
|
kwagqoka
|
kwangagqoka, akwagqoka, akwangagqoka
|