Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwerban

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną.

Verb

*hwerban

1. to turn

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*hwerban
1st sg. past	*hwarb
3rd pl. past	*hurbun
Past ptcple	*horban
Infinitive	*hwerban
Genitive infin.	*hwerbannjas
Dative infin.	*hwerbannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hwerbannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hwerbu	*hwarb
2nd singular	*hwirbiʀi	*hurbī
3rd singular	*hwirbidi	*hwarb
1st plural	*hwerbum	*hurbum
2nd plural	*hwirbid	*hurbud
3rd plural	*hwerband	*hurbun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hwerbē	*hurbī
2nd singular	*hwerbēs	*hurbī
3rd singular	*hwerbē	*hurbī
1st plural	*hwerbēm	*hurbīm
2nd plural	*hwerbēþ	*hurbīd
3rd plural	*hwerbēn	*hurbīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hwirb
Plural	*hwirbid
	Present	Past
Participle	*hwerbandī	*horban

Related terms

• *hwarbijan

Descendants

• Old English: hweorfan
  • Middle English: wherven, wharven
    • English: wharve, wherve
• Old Frisian: hwerva
• Old Saxon: hwervan, hwerban
  • Middle Low German: warven, warben
• Old Dutch: *wervan
  • Middle Dutch: werven
    • Dutch: werven
    • Limburgish: wèrve
• Old High German: hwerban, werban
  • Middle High German: werben, werven
    • German: werben
      • → Polish: werbować
        • → Belarusian: вербава́ць (vjerbavácʹ, “to recruit; to enlist”)
        • → Russian: вербова́ть (verbovátʹ, “to recruit; to enlist”)
        • → Ukrainian: вербува́ти (verbuváty, “to recruit; to enlist”)