Wiktionary

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷíh₃weti

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Apparently from the adjective *gʷih₃wós (“alive, living”), ultimately from the root *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).

    However, Gąsiorowski (2006)[1] takes this verb (and thus the root) to be an irregular dissimilation of *gʷígʷwe-, an isolated reduplicating thematic present from a lost *gʷew- (“move”) (?) with an o-grade root noun in *gʷṓws.

    Verb

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    *gʷíh₃weti (imperfective)[2]

    1. to live, to be alive

    Inflection

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    Imperfective, thematic, active only
    3rd singular *gʷíh₃weti
    3rd plural *gʷíh₃wonti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *gʷíh₃woh₂ *gʷíh₃wom — *gʷíh₃wōh₂ *gʷíh₃woyh₁m̥
    2nd singular *gʷíh₃wesi *gʷíh₃wes *gʷíh₃we *gʷíh₃wēsi *gʷíh₃woys
    3rd singular *gʷíh₃weti *gʷíh₃wet *gʷíh₃wetu *gʷíh₃wēti *gʷíh₃woyt
    1st dual *gʷíh₃wowos *gʷíh₃wowe — *gʷíh₃wōwos *gʷíh₃woywe
    2nd dual *gʷíh₃wetes *gʷíh₃wetom *gʷíh₃wetom *gʷíh₃wētes *gʷíh₃woytom
    3rd dual *gʷíh₃wetes *gʷíh₃wetām *gʷíh₃wetām *gʷíh₃wētes *gʷíh₃woytām
    1st plural *gʷíh₃womos *gʷíh₃wome — *gʷíh₃wōmos *gʷíh₃woyme
    2nd plural *gʷíh₃wete *gʷíh₃wete *gʷíh₃wete *gʷíh₃wēte *gʷíh₃woyte
    3rd plural *gʷíh₃wonti *gʷíh₃wont *gʷíh₃wontu *gʷíh₃wōnti *gʷíh₃woyh₁n̥t
    Participle *gʷíh₃wonts

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwetei
    • Celtic:
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ďṓwō (< *gʷyṓw-ō < *gʷyéh₃w-oh₂)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰíHwati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *gʷīwō
      • Latin: vīvō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *śāw-[3]

    References

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    1. ^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2007) The Meaning of Life: PIE *gʷih₃u̯- in Indogermanische Forschungen Volume 112 (2007), 39-46
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    3. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “śāw-”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
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