-irati

See also: irati and Irati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German -ieren with the infinitive ending -en replaced with native -ati. The German suffix is from Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǐːrati/

Suffix

-irati (Cyrillic spelling -ирати)

A suffix appended to words, primarily loanwords, to form verbs.
Synonym: -ovati

Usage notes

The suffix -irati is only common in Croatia where it was at one point productive and used to form new verbs. It is still occasionally used to consciously form new verbs from loanwords, especially from Germanic languages. It can also be found in Bosnia and Serbia but to a lesser extent, being mostly used to adopt verbs borrowed from other languages.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -irati

Infinitive: -irati		Present verbal adverb: -írajūći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: -írānje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		-iram	-iraš	-ira	-iramo	-irate	-iraju
Future	Future I	-irat ću¹ -iraću	-irat ćeš¹ -iraćeš	-irat će¹ -iraće	-irat ćemo¹ -iraćemo	-irat ćete¹ -iraćete	-irat će¹ -iraće
Future	Future II	bȕdēm -irao²	bȕdēš -irao²	bȕdē -irao²	bȕdēmo -irali²	bȕdēte -irali²	bȕdū -irali²
Past	Perfect	-irao sam²	-irao si²	-irao je²	-irali smo²	-irali ste²	-irali su²
	Pluperfect³	bȉo sam -irao²	bȉo si -irao²	bȉo je -irao²	bíli smo -irali²	bíli ste -irali²	bíli su -irali²
	Imperfect	-irah	-iraše	-iraše	-irasmo	-iraste	-irahu
Conditional I		-irao bih²	-irao bi²	-irao bi²	-irali bismo²	-irali biste²	-irali bi²
Conditional II⁴		bȉo bih -irao²	bȉo bi -irao²	bȉo bi -irao²	bíli bismo -irali²	bíli biste -irali²	bíli bi -irali²
Imperative		—	-iraj	—	-irajmo	-irajte	—
Active past participle		-irao m / -irala f / -iralo n			-irali m / -irale f / -irala n
¹ Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. ² For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. ³ Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. ⁴ Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Synonyms

-isati (Bosnia, Serbia)

Derived terms

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -irati