Wiktionary

-il

See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"

Azerbaijani

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L 		-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-il

  1. Passive suffix.[1]
    ‎kəsmək (“to cut”) + ‎-il → ‎kəsilmək (“to get cut, to flunk”)
    ‎almaq (“to buy”) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmaq (“to be bought”)
    ‎eşitmək (“to hear”) + ‎-il → ‎eşidilmək (“to be heard”)

Usage notes

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A notable irregularity is görmək, which takes -ün (instead of expected -ül):

‎görmək (“to see”) + ‎-ün → ‎görünmək (“to be seen”)

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-il → ‎deyilmək (“to be said”)

Derived terms

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Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -il

References

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  1. ^ Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-il”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, pages 106-108

Franco-Provençal

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Pronoun

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-il m

  1. postpositive form of il

Interlingua

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French -ile, Italian -ile, Portuguese -il, all ultimately from Latin -īle.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-il

  1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a place where animals are kept
    ‎can (“dog”) + ‎-il → ‎canil (“kennel”)
    ‎tauro (“bull”) + ‎-il → ‎tauril (“bull pen”)

Derived terms

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Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -il not found

References

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Maltese

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Etymology

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From the syllable -ar in Arabic عَشَر (ʕašar, “ten”). The same alternation between absolute and attributive form is found in most modern dialects of Arabic, though generally with the original consonant r preserved. Compare North Levantine Arabic تنعش (tnaʕš, “twelve”), attributively تنعشر (tnaʕšar).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-il

  1. Used to form the attributive form of cardinal numbers 11 to 19.
    erbatax (“fourteen”) → erbatax-il jum (“fourteen days”)

Usage notes

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  • The suffix is spelt with a hyphen for phonetic reasons. It is, namely, apart from a few recent borrowings from English the only case where preconsonantal i in a final syllable is short. Thus, /ɛrbaˈtaːʃɪl/ is rendered as erbatax-il rather than *erbataxil, which latter should be pronounced */ɛrbataˈʃiːl/.

Middle English

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Suffix

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-il

  1. Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)

Northern Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *-jēlē.

Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-il/

Suffix

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-il

  1. Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating an inclination or tendency to perform the verb's action.
    ‎sodjat (“to bend”) + ‎-il → ‎soddjil (“tending to bend, flexible”)

Usage notes

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  • This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

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Odd, no gradation
Attributive -ilis
Nominative -il
Genitive -ila
Attributive -ilis
Singular Plural
Nominative -il -ilat
Accusative -ila -iliid
Genitive -ila -iliid
Illative -ilii -iliidda
Locative -ilis -iliin
Comitative -iliin -iliiguin
Essive -ilin

Derived terms

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Northern Sami terms suffixed with -il

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-il m (noun-forming suffix, plural -is)

  1. indicating a place for holding a specified type of animal
    ‎gato (“cat”) + ‎-il → ‎gatil (“kennel for cats”)
    ‎rede (“net”) + ‎-il → ‎redil (“sheepfold”)

Etymology 2

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    Learned borrowing from Latin -īlis.

    Suffix

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    -il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -is)

    1. -ile (tending to or capable of)
    Usage notes
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    • Most adjectives with this suffix are borrowed as a whole word from Latin rather than formed using this suffix in Portuguese.

    Derived terms

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    Portuguese terms suffixed with -il

    Spanish

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    Etymology

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    From Latin -īlis.

    Suffix

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    -il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -iles)

    1. -ile (indicating relation or pertaining to)

    Derived terms

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    Spanish terms suffixed with -il

    See also

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    Further reading

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    Turkish

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    preceding vowel
    A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
    postconsonantal
    except after L     		-ıl -il -ul -ül
    after L -ın -in -un -ün
    postvocalic -n

    -il

    1. Passive suffix.
      ‎kesmek (“to cut”) + ‎-il → ‎kesilmek (“to get cut”)
      ‎almak (“to buy”) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmak (“to be bought”)
      ‎işitmek (“to hear”) + ‎-il → ‎işitilmek (“to be heard”)

    Derived terms

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    Turkish terms suffixed with -il

    Volapük

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    Suffix

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    -il

    1. Used to form diminutives

    Derived terms

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    Volapük terms suffixed with -il

    See also

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