葡萄
Chinese
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (葡萄) | 葡 | 萄 | |
simp. #(葡萄) | 葡 | 萄 | |
alternative forms |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu2 tao2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): путо (puto, I-II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pou4 tou4
- Gan (Wiktionary): pu2 tau
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): pu1 tau1
- Northern Min (KCR): bǔ-dǎu
- Eastern Min (BUC): può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bu-dau; 8beq-dau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bu2 dau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ → ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄊㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: pútåo
- Wade–Giles: pʻu2-tʻao5
- Yale: pú-tau
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu.taur
- Palladius: путао (putao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/ → /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 葡萄
蒲桃
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pútáor
- Wade–Giles: pʻu2-tʻao2-ʼrh
- Yale: pú-táur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwutaurl
- Palladius: путаор (putaor)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pu2 tao2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: putao
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu²¹ tʰau²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: путо (puto, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou²⁴ tʰɔ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: pou4 tou4
- Yale: pòuh tòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: pou4 tou4
- Guangdong Romanization: pou4 tou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pu2 tau
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu²⁴ tʰau²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-thò
- Hakka Romanization System: puˇ toˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pu2 to2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: pu to
- Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵ tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: pu1 tau1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰu¹¹ tʰau¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǔ-dǎu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²¹ tau²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuo⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/, /puo⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/, /pu⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Penang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-tô
- Tâi-lô: phû-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: phu'dooi
- IPA (Penang): /pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/
- IPA (Kinmen): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹² to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Magong, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘-tô
- Tâi-lô: phôo-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: pho'dooi
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³/
- (Hokkien: Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô-tô
- Tâi-lô: pô-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: poi'dooi
- IPA (Yilan): /po²⁴⁻³³ to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-tô
- Tâi-lô: phuê-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: phoe'dooi
- IPA (Tainan): /pʰue²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pû-tô
- Tâi-lô: pû-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: pu'dooi
- IPA (Philippines): /pu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘-tô
- Tâi-lô: pôo-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: po'dooi
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pu5 to5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Penang, Philippines)
- Wu
Note: 5beq dau - also written as 孛萄.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bu2 dau
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu¹³ tɒu̯³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: bu daw
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*baː l'uː/
Etymology 1
editBorrowed from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”) [130 BCE]; compare Persian باده (bâde, “wine”) (Schuessler, 2007; Chmielewski, 1958). Grape was introduced in China by Zhang Qian (張騫) during the Eastern Han period.
The verb sense is from 吃不到的葡萄是酸的 (“the grapes are sour anyway”)
Noun
edit葡萄
Synonyms
editDialectal synonyms of 葡萄 (“grape”) [map]
Derived terms
edit- 吃不到的葡萄是酸的 (chībudào de pútao shì suān de)
- 山葡萄 (shānpútáo)
- 海葡萄 (hǎipútáo)
- 紅葡萄藤 / 红葡萄藤
- 葡萄乾 / 葡萄干 (pútáogān)
- 葡萄園 / 葡萄园 (pútáoyuán)
- 葡萄屬 / 葡萄属
- 葡萄彈 / 葡萄弹 (pútáodàn)
- 葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
- 葡萄樹 / 葡萄树 (pútáoshù)
- 葡萄汁 (pútáozhī)
- 葡萄深碧
- 葡萄灰
- 葡萄炸彈 / 葡萄炸弹
- 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
- 葡萄牙共和國 / 葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)
- 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
- 葡萄目
- 葡萄石 (pútáoshí)
- 葡萄科
- 葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
- 葡萄紫
- 葡萄綠 / 葡萄绿
- 葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
- 葡萄葉銀蓮花 / 葡萄叶银莲花
- 葡萄藤 (pútáoténg)
- 葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
- 蛇葡萄
- 西拉葡萄 (Xīlā pútáo)
- 酸葡萄 (suānpútao)
- 酸葡萄心理
Descendants
editVerb
edit葡萄
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) to be jealous; to envy
Synonyms
edit- 吃味 (chīwèi) (regional)
- 妒嫉 (dùjí)
- 妒忌 (dùjì)
- 妒恨 (dùhèn) (literary)
- 媢嫉 (màojí) (literary)
- 嫉妒 (jídù)
- 忌 (jì)
- 忌垢 (ji4 gou4) (Sichuanese)
- 忌妒 (jìdù)
- 怨妒 (Hokkien)
- 惡妒 / 恶妒 (Hokkien)
- 欣羨 / 欣羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
- 歆羨 / 歆羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
- 目空刺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 目空赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 目紅 / 目红 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 目赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 眼氣 / 眼气 (nie2 qi3) (Jin)
- 眼紅 / 眼红 (yǎnhóng)
- 紅目 / 红目 (Hokkien)
- 羨慕 / 羡慕 (xiànmù)
- 豔羨 / 艳羡 (yànxiàn) (formal)
- 赤狗目 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 赤目 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
Etymology 2
editPhono-semantic matching of Burmese ပူတာအို (putaui).
Proper noun
edit葡萄
- Putao (a town in Myanmar)
- (~鎮) Putao Township (in Myanmar)
- (~縣) Putao District (in Myanmar)
Further reading
edit- “Entry #10015”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 古今农业2010年第2期 73. 再论吐 鲁番文书中葡萄名称问题
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
葡 | 萄 |
ぶ Jinmeiyō |
どう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 葡萄 (buo-dâu) (compare modern Mandarin pútáo), from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit葡萄 or 葡萄 • (budō) ←ぶだう (budau)?
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 焦性葡萄酸 (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
- 葡萄色 (budōiro, “grape (colour)”)
- 葡萄園 (budōen, “vineyard”)
- 葡萄球菌 (budōkyūkin, “staphylococcus”)
- 葡萄栽培 (budōsaibai, “viticulture”)
- 葡萄酒 (budōshu, “wine”)
- 葡萄石 (budōseki, “prehnite”)
- 葡萄畑 (budōbatake, “vineyard”)
- 葡萄弾 (budōdan, “grapeshot”)
- 葡萄糖 (budōtō, “glucose”)
- 葡萄膜 (budōmaku, “uvea”)
- 干し葡萄 (hoshibudō, “raisin”)
- 山葡萄 (yamabudō, “crimson glory vine”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
葡 | 萄 |
えび | |
Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
jukujikun |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editReferences
editKorean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
葡 | 萄 |
Noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
葡 | 萄 |
Noun
edit葡萄
References
editCategories:
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
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- Chinese terms borrowed from Bactrian
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- Chinese nouns classified by 顆/颗
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- Chinese terms derived from Burmese
- zh:Towns in Myanmar
- zh:Places in Myanmar
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:Fruits
- zh:Grapevines
- Japanese terms spelled with 葡 read as ぶ
- Japanese terms spelled with 萄 read as どう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- ja:Fruits
- ja:Grapevines
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