綱

See also: 纲

綱 U+7DB1, 綱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DB1 ← 綰 [U+7DB0] CJK Unified Ideographs 網 → [U+7DB2]

Translingual

Han character

綱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792₀, composition ⿰糹岡)

Derived characters

• 𮒔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576
• Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5
• Unihan data for U+7DB1

Chinese

trad.		綱
simp.		纲
alternative forms		㭃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːŋ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kông

  (Hailu, HRS): gong^ˋ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹
    • Yale: gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
    • Tâi-lô: kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kang

Rime
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Baxter	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3716
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

綱

1. guiding principle
2. essential part, key part
3. program, outline
4. (taxonomy) class
5. (archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

Compounds

• 三綱 / 三纲 (sāngāng)
• 上綱上線 / 上纲上线 (shànggāngshàngxiàn)
• 三綱五常 / 三纲五常 (sāngāngwǔcháng)
• 三綱八目 / 三纲八目
• 乾綱 / 干纲
• 倍足綱 / 倍足纲
• 僧綱 / 僧纲
• 八綱 / 八纲
• 國統綱領 / 国统纲领
• 大綱 / 大纲 (dàgāng)
• 天綱 / 天纲
• 宏綱 / 宏纲
• 客綱客紀 / 客纲客纪
• 建國大綱 / 建国大纲
• 張綱埋輪 / 张纲埋轮
• 憲綱 / 宪纲
• 扶綱 / 扶纲
• 振領提綱 / 振领提纲
• 提綱 / 提纲 (tígāng)
• 提綱挈領 / 提纲挈领
• 握綱提領 / 握纲提领
• 擔綱 / 担纲 (dāngāng)
• 政綱 / 政纲 (zhènggāng)
• 斧足綱 / 斧足纲
• 昆蟲綱 / 昆虫纲
• 朝綱 / 朝纲 (cháogāng)
• 本草綱目 / 本草纲目 (Běncǎo Gāngmù)
• 橫綱 / 横纲 (hénggāng)
• 王綱 / 王纲 (wánggāng)
• 皇綱 / 皇纲 (huánggāng)
• 硬骨魚綱 / 硬骨鱼纲
• 紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng)
• 綱佐 / 纲佐
• 綱宗 / 纲宗
• 綱常 / 纲常 (gāngcháng)
• 綱常倫紀 / 纲常伦纪
• 綱常掃地 / 纲常扫地
• 綱理 / 纲理
• 綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù)
• 綱目不疏 / 纲目不疏
• 綱紀 / 纲纪 (gāngjì)
• 綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
• 綱維 / 纲维 (gāngwéi)
• 綱舉目張 / 纲举目张
• 綱要 / 纲要 (gāngyào)
• 綱運 / 纲运
• 綱鑑 / 纲鉴
• 綱領 / 纲领 (gānglǐng)
• 總綱 / 总纲 (zǒnggāng)
• 舉綱提領 / 举纲提领
• 花石綱 / 花石纲
• 茶綱 / 茶纲
• 蜘蛛綱 / 蜘蛛纲
• 軟骨魚綱 / 软骨鱼纲 (ruǎngǔyúgāng)
• 騾綱 / 骡纲
• 鹽綱 / 盐纲
• 黨綱 / 党纲 (dǎnggāng)

 

See also

• (Taxonomy) 生物分類學／生物分类学; 域 (yù, “domain”), 界 (jiè, “kingdom”), 門／门 (mén, “phylum”), 綱／纲 (gāng, “class”), 目 (mù, “order”), 科 (kē, “family”), 屬／属 (shǔ, “genus”), 種／种 (zhǒng, “species”) ^{(Category: zh:Taxonomy)}

Japanese

Kanji

綱

(Jōyō kanji)

1. rope, cable
2. genus, class

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 綱位(こうい) (kōi)
• 綱維(こうい) (kōi)
• 綱紀(こうき) (kōki)
• 綱常(こうじょう) (kōjō)
• 綱掌(こうしょう) (kōshō)
• 綱目(こうもく) (kōmoku)
• 綱要(こうよう) (kōyō)
• 綱領(こうりょう) (kōryō)
• 亜綱(あこう) (akō)
• 維綱(いこう) (ikō)
• 紀綱(きこう) (kikō)
• 漁綱(ぎょこう) (gyokō)
• 乾綱(けんこう) (kenkō)
• 五綱(ごこう) (gokō)
• 三綱(さんこう) (sankō)
• 三綱(さんごう) (sangō)
• 執綱(しっこう) (shikkō)
• 上綱(じょうこう) (jōkō)
• 政綱(せいこう) (seikō)
• 大綱(たいこう) (taikō)
• 党綱(とうこう) (tōkō)
• 要綱(ようこう) (yōkō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
綱
つな Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tuna.

First attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つな [tsùnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨna̠]

Noun

綱(つな) • (tsuna) 

1. rope
2. tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

Derived terms

• 綱(つな)具(ぐ) (tsunagu)
• 繋(つな)ぐ (tsunagu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
綱
こう Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 綱 (MC kang). Compare Korean 강 (gang).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

綱(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)?}

1. (taxonomy) class

Coordinate terms

• (Taxonomy) 生物(せいぶつ)の分類(ぶんるい) (seibutsu no bunrui); ドメイン (domein, “domain”), 界(かい) (kai, “kingdom”), 門(もん) (mon, “phylum”), 綱(こう) (kō, “class”), 目(もく) (moku, “order”), 科(か) (ka, “family”), 属(ぞく) (zoku, “genus”), 種(しゅ) (shu, “species”) ^{(Category: ja:Taxonomy)}

Korean

Hanja

綱 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

綱

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Kun: ちな (china)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuna, from Proto-Japonic *tuna. Cognate with Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna).

Noun

綱(ちな) (china) 

1. rope

Vietnamese

Han character

綱: Hán Nôm readings: cương, cáng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.