病死

Chinese

		ailment; illness; disease ailment; illness; disease; fall ill; sick; defect	to die; impassable; uncrossable to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid
trad. (病死)		病	死
simp. #(病死)		病	死
anagram		死病

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bìngsǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄙˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): beng⁶ sei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phiang-sí
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pēⁿ-sí / pīⁿ-sí

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bìngsǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ ㄙˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bìngsǐh
    • Wade–Giles: ping⁴-ssŭ³
    • Yale: bìng-sž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binqsyy
    • Palladius: бинсы (binsy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: beng⁶ sei²
    • Yale: behng séi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: beng⁶ sei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: béng⁶ séi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛːŋ²² sei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiang-sí
    • Hakka Romanization System: piang xi^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: piang⁴ xi³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵ si³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēⁿ-sí
    • Tâi-lô: pēnn-sí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvexsie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ³³⁻²¹ si⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pīⁿ-sí
    • Tâi-lô: pīnn-sí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvixsie
    • IPA (Taipei): /pĩ³³⁻¹¹ si⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: bjaengH sijX

Rime
Character	病	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	皮命切	息姊切
Baxter	bjaengH	sijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiæŋH/	/sˠiɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiaŋH/	/sᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/biaŋH/	/siɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biajŋH/	/sjiX/
Li Rong	/biɐŋH/	/sjiX/
Wang Li	/bĭɐŋH/	/siX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɐŋH/	/siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bìng	sǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bing6	si2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]raŋ-s  sijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*braŋs  hljiʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	病	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bìng	sǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ bjængH ›	‹ sijX ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]raŋ-s/	/*sijʔ/
English	extreme illness	die (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	病	死
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	898	12006
Phonetic component	丙	死
Rime group	陽	脂
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	病	死
Old Chinese	/*braŋs/	/*hljiʔ/

Verb

病死

1. to die of an illness

   • 居久之，李少君病死。天子以為化去不死，而使黃錘史寬舒受其方。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     居久之，李少君病死。天子以为化去不死，而使黄锤史宽舒受其方。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Jū jiǔ zhī, Lǐ Shàojūn bìngsǐ. Tiānzǐ yǐwèi huàqù bùsǐ, ér shǐ Huáng Chuí Shǐ Kuānshū shòu qí fāng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 國民黨反動派的頭子、中國人民的公敵蔣介石，四月五日在臺灣病死。 [MSC, trad.]
     国民党反动派的头子、中国人民的公敌蒋介石，四月五日在台湾病死。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1975 April 7, 《蒋介石死了》, in People's Daily, →ISSN

     Guómíndǎng fǎndòngpài de tóuzǐ, zhōngguó rénmín de gōngdí Jiǎng Jièshí, sì yuè wǔ rì zài Táiwān bìngsǐ. [Pinyin]

     Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang reactionaries and the public enemy of the Chinese people, died of illness in Taiwan on April 5.

Synonyms

edit

• 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
• 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
• 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
• 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
• 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
• 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
• 亡
• 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
• 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
• 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
• 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
• 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
• 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
• 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
• 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
• 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
• 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
• 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
• 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
• 去世 (qùshì)
• 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
• 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
• 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
• 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
• 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
• 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
• 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
• 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
• 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
• 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
• 失氣／失气 (shīqì) (literary)
• 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
• 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
• 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
• 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
• 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
• 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
• 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
• 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
• 故 (gù)
• 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
• 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
• 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
• 早死 (zǎosǐ)
• 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
• 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
• 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
• 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
• 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
• 死 (sǐ)
• 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
• 死人 (sǐrén)
• 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
• 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
• 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
• 死脫／死脱 (⁵shi-theq) (Wu)
• 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
• 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
• 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
• 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
• 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
• 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
• 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
• 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
• 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
• 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
• 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
• 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
• 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
• 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
• 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
• 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
• 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
• 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
• 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
• 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
• 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
• 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
• 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
• 謝世／谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
• 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
• 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
• 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
• 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
• 辭塵／辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
• 逝世 (shìshì)
• 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
• 過世／过世 (guòshì)
• 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
• 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
• 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
• 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
• 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
• 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
• 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
• 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
• 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
• 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
• 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
• 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

 

Derived terms

• 病死率 (bìngsǐlǜ)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
病	死
びょう Grade: 3	し Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) びょーし [byòóshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [bʲo̞ːɕi]

Noun

病(びょう)死(し) • (byōshi) ^{←びやうし (byausi)?}

1. death due to illness, expiration

Verb

病(びょう)死(し)する • (byōshi suru) ^{←びやうし (byausi)?}suru (stem 病(びょう)死(し)し (byōshi shi), past 病(びょう)死(し)した (byōshi shita))

1. to die of an illness, to expire

Conjugation

Conjugation of "病死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	病死し	びょうしし	byōshi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	病死し	びょうしし	byōshi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	病死する	びょうしする	byōshi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	病死する	びょうしする	byōshi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	病死すれ	びょうしすれ	byōshi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	病死せよ¹ 病死しろ²	びょうしせよ¹ びょうししろ²	byōshi seyo¹ byōshi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	病死される	びょうしされる	byōshi sareru
Causative	病死させる 病死さす	びょうしさせる びょうしさす	byōshi saseru byōshi sasu
Potential	病死できる	びょうしできる	byōshi dekiru
Volitional	病死しよう	びょうししよう	byōshi shiyō
Negative	病死しない	びょうししない	byōshi shinai
Negative continuative	病死せず	びょうしせず	byōshi sezu
Formal	病死します	びょうしします	byōshi shimasu
Perfective	病死した	びょうしした	byōshi shita
Conjunctive	病死して	びょうしして	byōshi shite
Hypothetical conditional	病死すれば	びょうしすれば	byōshi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 病没する, 息を引き取る